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Source Transformation and Super Position Theorem PDF

1. The document describes six circuit theorems: source transformation, superposition theorem, reciprocity theorem, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and maximum power transfer theorem. 2. Source transformation involves replacing a voltage source in series with a resistor by a current source in parallel with a resistor, or vice versa, to obtain an equivalent circuit. 3. The superposition theorem states that the voltage or current at any point in a linear circuit is equal to the sum of the voltages or currents due to each independent source acting alone.

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Vasu Ram
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
184 views

Source Transformation and Super Position Theorem PDF

1. The document describes six circuit theorems: source transformation, superposition theorem, reciprocity theorem, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and maximum power transfer theorem. 2. Source transformation involves replacing a voltage source in series with a resistor by a current source in parallel with a resistor, or vice versa, to obtain an equivalent circuit. 3. The superposition theorem states that the voltage or current at any point in a linear circuit is equal to the sum of the voltages or currents due to each independent source acting alone.

Uploaded by

Vasu Ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module – 02 Circuit Theorems

1. Source Transformation

2. Superposition Theorem

3. Reciprocity Theorem

4. Thevenin’s Theorem

5. Norton’s Theorem

6. Maximum Power Transfer

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 1


Source Transformation
• An equivalent circuit is one whose v-i characteristics are identical
with the original circuit.

• It is the process of replacing a voltage source vS in series with a


resistor R by a current source iS in parallel with a resistor R, or
vice versa.

+ +
• The arrow of the current
source is directed toward
- - the positive terminal of
(a) Independent source transform the voltage source.

+ + • The source transformation


is not possible when R = 0
for voltage source & R = ∞
for current source.
- -
(b) Dependent source transform

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 2


Example 1 Use source transformation to find vo in the circuit

(Or)

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 3


Example 2 Use source transformation to determine the current and
power absorbed by the 8- resistor.

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 4


Superposition Theorem

It states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a


linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltage across (or currents
through) that element due to each independent source acting alone.

The principle of superposition helps us to analyze a linear circuit with


more than one independent source by calculating the contribution of
each independent source separately.

We consider the effects of 8A and 20V one by one, then add the
two effects together for final vo.

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 5


Superposition Theorem
Steps to apply superposition principle

1. Turn off all independent sources except one source. Find the
output (voltage or current) due to that active source using
nodal or mesh analysis.

2. Repeat step 1 for each of the other independent sources.

3. Find the total contribution by adding algebraically all the


contributions due to the independent sources.
Two things have to be kept in mind:

1. When we say turn off all other independent sources:


 Independent voltage sources are replaced by 0 V (short
circuit) and
 Independent current sources are replaced by 0 A (open
circuit).
2. Dependent sources are left intact because they are controlled
by circuit variables.

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 6


Superposition Theorem
Example 1: Use the superposition theorem to find v in the circuit shown
below.

6V is discarded
by short-circuit

3A is discarded
by open-circuit

Applying KVL to the loop

v = 10V

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 7


Example 2: Using the superposition theorem, find vo in the circuit

5A is discarded
by open-circuit

12V is discarded
by short-circuit

v2 = 2 x 12/10 = 2.4 V

i1 = 2.5 A v0 = v1 + v2

v1 = 2.5x2 = 5V
v0 = 5 + 2.4 = 7.4 V

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 8


Superposition Theorem
Example 3 Use superposition to find vx in the circuit below.
10V is discarded
by short-circuit

2A is discarded Dependant source


by open-circuit keep unchanged
Source transformation
Current to Voltage

(10 – v1)/20 +0.1 v1= v1 /4 (40 – v2)/20 +0.1 v2= v2 /4


v1= 2.5 V v2= 10 V
vx = v1+v2 = 2.5+10 V
vx = 12.5V
30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 9
Example 4 Find io in the circuit using superposition theorem.

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 10


Solving , we get

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Example 5. Use superposition to find Vo in the circuit

To find V1, we use the circuit below

Let Vo = V1 + V2, where V1 and V2


are due to 10-V and 2-A sources

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Source transformation
To find V2

30.07.2018 K. Shambavi, SENSE 13

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