Designation: C 192/C 192M – 00

Standard Practice for

Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the
Laboratory1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 192/C 192M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-

1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing tural Concrete2
test specimens of concrete in the laboratory under accurate C 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
control of materials and test conditions using concrete that can Mixtures by Penetration Resistance2
be consolidated by rodding or vibration as described herein. C 470/C 470M Specification for Molds for Forming Con-
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units crete Test Cylinders Vertically2
shall be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and
shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde- Cements and Concretes3
pendently of each other. Combining values from the two C 566 Test Method for Total Moisture Content of Aggregate
systems may result in nonconformance. by Drying2
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the C 617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Speci-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the mens2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C 1064 Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Portland-Cement Concrete2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. C 1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
2. Referenced Documents Laboratory Evaluation2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2.2 American Concrete Institute Publications: 4
C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test 211.3 Practice for Selecting Proportions for No-Slump Con-
Specimens in the Field2 crete
C 70 Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate2 309 Guide for Concrete Consolidation
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
3. Significance and Use
Aggregates2
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of 3.1 This practice provides standardized requirements for
Coarse Aggregate2 preparation of materials, mixing concrete, and making and
C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of curing concrete test specimens under laboratory conditions.
Fine Aggregate2 3.2 If specimen preparation is controlled as stipulated
C 138 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content herein, the specimens may be used to develop information for
(Gravimetric) of Concrete2 the following purposes:
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Ce- 3.2.1 Mixture proportioning for project concrete,
ment Concrete2 3.2.2 Evaluation of different mixtures and materials,
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete2 3.2.3 Correlation with nondestructive tests, and
C 173 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed 3.2.4 Providing specimens for research purposes.
Concrete by the Volumetric Method2 NOTE 1—The concrete test results for concrete specimens made and
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed cured using this practice are widely used. They may be the basis for
Concrete by the Pressure Method2 acceptance testing for project concrete, research evaluations, and other
studies. Careful and knowledgeable handling of materials, mixing con-
1
crete, molding test specimens, and curing test specimens is necessary.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 on
Testing Concrete for Strength.
3
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
4
published as C 192 – 44 T. Last previous edition C 192 – 98. Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Hills, MI 48333-9094.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 C 192/C 192M
Many laboratories performing this important work are independently bottom, and ends shall be at right angles to each other and shall
inspected or accredited. Practice C 1077 identifies and defines duties, be straight and true and free of warpage. Maximum variation
responsibilities, including minimum responsibilities of the laboratory from the nominal cross section shall not exceed 1⁄8 in. [3 mm]
personnel and minimum technical requirements for laboratory equipment
used. Many laboratories ensure qualified technicians by participating in
for molds with depth or breadth of 6 in. [150 mm] or more, or
1⁄16 in. [2 mm] for molds of smaller depth or breadth. Except
national certification programs such as the American Concrete Institute
Laboratory Technician Program or an equivalent program. for flexure specimens, molds shall not vary from the nominal
length by more than 1⁄16 in. [2 mm]. Flexure molds shall not be
4. Apparatus shorter than 1⁄16 in. [2 mm] of the required length, but may
4.1 Molds, General—Molds for specimens or fastenings exceed it by more than that amount.
thereto in contact with the concrete shall be made of steel, cast 4.4 Tamping Rods—Two sizes are specified in ASTM meth-
iron, or other nonabsorbent material, nonreactive with concrete ods. Each shall be a round, straight steel rod with at least the
containing portland or other hydraulic cements. Molds shall tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip of the same
conform to the dimensions and tolerances specified in the diameter as the rod. Both ends may be rounded, if preferred.
method for which the specimens are required. Molds shall hold 4.4.1 Larger Rod, 5⁄8 in. [16 mm] in diameter and approxi-
their dimensions and shape under all conditions of use. mately 24 in. [600 mm] long.
Watertightness of molds during use shall be judged by their 4.4.2 Smaller Rod, 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in diameter and approxi-
ability to hold water poured into them. Test procedures for mately 12 in. [300 mm] long.
watertightness are given in the section on Test Methods for 4.5 Mallets—A mallet with a rubber or rawhide head
Elongation, Absorption, and Watertightness of Specification weighing 1.25 6 0.50 lb [0.6 6 0.20 kg] shall be used.
C 470. A suitable sealant, such as heavy grease, modeling clay, 4.6 Vibrators:
or microcrystalline wax, shall be used where necessary to 4.6.1 Internal Vibrators—The vibrator frequency shall be at
prevent leakage through the joints. Positive means shall be least 7000 vibrations per minute [115 Hz] while the vibrator is
provided to hold base plates firmly to the molds. Reusable operating in the concrete. The diameter of a round vibrator
molds shall be lightly coated with mineral oil or a suitable shall be no more than one fourth the diameter of the cylinder
nonreactive release material before use. mold or one fourth the width of the beam or prism mold. Other
4.2 Cylinder Molds: shaped vibrators shall have a perimeter equivalent to the
4.2.1 Molds for Casting Specimens Vertically shall conform circumference of an appropriate round vibrator. The combined
to the requirements of 4.1 and Specification C 470. length of the vibrator shaft and vibrating element shall exceed
4.2.2 Horizontal Molds for Creep Test Cylinders shall the depth of the section being vibrated by at least 3 in. [75
conform to the requirements of 4.1 and to the requirements for mm]. Check the performance of the vibrator in accordance
symmetry and dimensional tolerance in the section on General with ACI 309.
Requirements except for verticality requirements of Specifica- 4.6.2 External Vibrators—The two types of external vibra-
tion C 470. The use of horizontal molds is intended only for tors permitted are either table or plank. The external vibrator
creep specimens that contain axially embedded strain gages. frequency shall be 3600 vibrations per minute [60 Hz] or
Molds for creep cylinders to be filled while supported in a higher.
horizontal position shall have a filling slot parallel to the axis 4.6.3 Provisions shall be made for clamping the mold
of the mold which extends the full length to receive the securely to the apparatus for both types of vibrators.
concrete. The width of the slot shall be one half the diameter of
the specimen. If necessary the edges of the slot shall be NOTE 2—Vibratory impulses are frequently imparted to a table or plank
vibrator through electromagnetic means, or by use of an eccentric weight
reinforced to maintain dimensional stability. Unless specimens
on the shaft of an electric motor or on a separate shaft driven by a motor.
are to be capped or ground to produce plane ends, the molds
shall be provided with two machined metal end plates at least 4.7 Small Tools—Tools and items such as shovels, pails,
1 in. [25 mm] thick and the working surfaces shall comply with trowels, wood float, blunted trowels, straightedge, feeler gage,
the requirements for planeness and surface roughness given in scoops, rulers, rubber gloves, and metal mixing bowls shall be
the section on Capping Plates of Practice C 617. Provision provided.
shall be made for fixing both end plates firmly to the mold. The 4.8 Slump Apparatus—The apparatus for measurement of
inside surface of each end plate shall be provided with at least slump shall conform to the requirements of Test Method C 143.
three lugs or studs approximately 1 in. [25 mm] long, firmly 4.9 Sampling and Mixing Pan—The pan shall be flat-
fastened to the plate for embedment in the concrete. One base bottom and of heavy-gage metal, watertight, of convenient
plate shall be drilled from the inside at an angle to permit the depth, and of sufficient capacity to allow easy mixing by shovel
lead wire from the strain gage to exit the specimen through the or trowel of the entire batch; or, if mixing is by machine, to
edge of the plate. Provision shall be made for accurately receive the entire batch on discharge of the mixer and allow
positioning the strain gage. All necessary holes shall be as remixing in the pan by trowel or shovel.
small as possible to minimize disturbance to subsequent strain 4.10 Wet-Sieving Equipment—If wet-sieving is required, the
measurements and shall be sealed to prevent leakage. equipment shall conform to the requirements of Practice C 172.
4.3 Beam and Prism Molds shall be rectangular in shape 4.11 Air Content Apparatus—The apparatus for measuring
(unless otherwise specified) and of the dimensions required to air content shall conform to the requirements of either Test
produce the desired specimen size. The inside surfaces of the Methods C 231 or C 173.
molds shall be smooth and free from indentations. The sides, 4.12 Scales—Scales for determining the mass of batches of

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 C 192/C 192M
materials and concrete shall be accurate within 0.3 % of the test particles (of a size not normally found in the average aggregate
load at any point within the range of use. grading) shall be removed by hand picking during the molding
of the specimens. When the concrete contains aggregate larger
NOTE 3—In general the mass of small quantities should not be
determined on large capacity scales. In many applications the smallest than that appropriate for the size of the molds or equipment to
mass determined on a scale should be greater than about 10 % of the be used, wet-sieve the sample as described in Practice C 172.
maximum capacity of the scale; however, this will vary with the 5.5 Number of Specimens—The number of specimens and
performance characteristics of the scale and the required accuracy of the the number of test batches are dependent on established
determination. Acceptable scales used for determining the mass for practice and the nature of the test program. Guidance is usually
concrete materials preferably should determine mass accurately to about given in the test method or specification for which the
0.1 % of total capacity and the foregoing precaution is applicable.
However, certain analytical and precision balances are exceptions to this
specimens are made. Usually three or more specimens are
rule and should weigh accurately to 0.001 %. Particular care must be molded for each test age and test condition unless otherwise
exercised in measuring small quantities of material by determining the specified (Note 6). Specimens involving a given variable
difference between two much larger masses. should be made from three separate batches mixed on different
4.13 Temperature Measuring Device—The temperature days. An equal number of specimens for each variable should
measuring device shall conform to the requirements of Test be made on any given day. When it is impossible to make at
Method C 1064. least one specimen for each variable on a given day, the mixing
4.14 Concrete Mixer—A power-driven concrete mixer shall of the entire series of specimens should be completed in as few
be a revolving drum, tilting mixer, or suitable revolving pan or days as possible, and one of the mixtures should be repeated
revolving-paddle mixer capable of thoroughly mixing batches each day as a standard of comparison.
of the prescribed sizes at the required slump. NOTE 6—Test ages often used are 7 and 28 days for compressive
strength tests, or 14 and 28 days for flexural strength tests. Specimens
NOTE 4—A pan mixer is usually more suitable for mixing concrete with containing Type III cement are often tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. For later
less than 1-in. [25 mm] slump than a revolving drum mixer. The rate of test ages, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year are often used for both
rotation, degree of tilt, and rated capacity of tilting mixers are not always compressive and flexural strength tests. Other test ages may be required
suitable for laboratory mixed concrete. It may be found desirable to reduce for other types of specimens.
the rate of rotation, decrease the angle of tilt from the horizontal, and use
the mixer at somewhat less than the manufacturer’s rated capacity. 6. Preparation of Materials
5. Specimens 6.1 Temperature—Before mixing the concrete, bring the
5.1 Cylindrical Specimens—Cylinders for such tests as concrete materials to room temperature in the range from 68 to
compressive strength, Young’s modulus of elasticity, creep, 86°F [20 to 30°C], except when the temperature of the concrete
and splitting tensile strength may be of various sizes with a is stipulated. When a concrete temperature is stipulated, the
minimum of 2-in. [50-mm] diameter by 4-in. [100-mm] length. method proposed to obtain the concrete temperature needs
Where correlation or comparison with field-made cylinders approval of the stipulator.
(Practice C 31) is desired, the cylinders shall be 6 by 12 in. [or 6.2 Cement—Store the cement in a dry place, in moisture-
150 by 300 mm]. Otherwise, dimensions should be governed in proof containers, preferably made of metal. The cement shall
accordance with 5.4 and the specific test method concerned. be thoroughly mixed to provide a uniform supply throughout
the tests. It shall be passed through a 850-µm [No. 20] or finer
NOTE 5—When molds in SI units are required and not available, sieve to remove all lumps, remixed on a plastic sheet, and
equivalent inch-pound unit size mold should be permitted. returned to sample containers.
5.1.1 Cylindrical specimens for tests other than creep shall 6.3 Aggregates—In order to preclude segregation of a
be molded and allowed to harden with the axis of the cylinder coarse aggregate, separate into individual size fractions and for
vertical. each batch recombine in the proper proportions to produce the
5.1.2 Cylindrical creep specimens may be cast with the desired grading.
cylindrical axis either vertical or horizontal and allowed to NOTE 7—Only rarely is a coarse aggregate batched as a single size
harden in the position in which cast. fraction. The number of size fractions will generally be between 2 and 5
5.2 Prismatic Specimens—Beams for flexural strength, for aggregate smaller than 21⁄2 in. [60 mm]. When a size fraction to be
prisms for freezing and thawing, bond, length change, volume batched is present in amounts in excess of 10 %, the ratio of the opening
change, etc., shall be formed with their long axes horizontal, of the larger to the smaller sieve should not exceed 2.0. More closely sized
unless otherwise required by the method of test in question, groups are sometimes advisable.
and shall conform in dimension to the requirements of the 6.3.1 Unless fine aggregate is separated into individual size
specific test method. fractions, maintain it in a damp condition or restore to a damp
5.3 Other Specimens—Other shapes and sizes of specimens condition until use, to prevent segregation, unless material
for particular tests may be molded as desired following the uniformly graded is subdivided into batch size lots using a
general procedures set forth in this practice. sample splitter with proper size openings. If unusual gradings
5.4 Specimen Size versus Aggregate Size—The diameter of are being studied, the fine aggregate may need to be dried and
a cylindrical specimen or minimum cross-sectional dimension separated into individual sizes. In this instance, if the total
of a rectangular section shall be at least three times the nominal quantity of fine aggregate required is larger than can be
maximum size of the coarse aggregate in the concrete as efficiently blended in a single unit, then the individual size
defined in Terminology C 125. Occasional over-size aggregate fractions should be determined in a mass required for each

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 C 192/C 192M
individual batch. When the total quantity of fine aggregate highly porous or vesicular natural aggregate may be so
needed for the complete investigation is such that it can be absorptive as to be difficult to treat as described. The moisture
thoroughly mixed, blended, and maintained in a damp condi- content of lightweight aggregate at the time of mixing may
tion, then it should be handled in that manner. Determine the have important effects on properties of freshly mixed and
specific gravity and absorption of aggregates in accordance hardened concretes such as slump loss, compressive strength,
with either Test Methods C 127 or C 128. and resistance to freezing and thawing.
6.3.2 Before incorporating in concrete, prepare the aggre- 6.5 Admixtures—Powdered admixtures that are entirely or
gate to ensure a definite and uniform condition of moisture. largely insoluble, that do not contain hygroscopic salts and are
Determine the weight of aggregate to be used in the batch by to be added in small quantities, should be mixed with a portion
one of the following procedures: of the cement before introduction into the batch in the mixer so
6.3.2.1 Determine the mass of low-absorption aggregates as to ensure thorough distribution throughout the concrete.
(absorption less than 1.0 %) in the room-dry condition with Essentially insoluble materials which are used in amounts
allowance made for the amount of water that will be absorbed exceeding 10 % by mass of cement, such as pozzolans, should
from the unset concrete (Note 8). This procedure is particularly be handled and added to the batch in the same manner as
useful for coarse aggregate which must be batched as indi- cement. Powdered admixtures which are largely insoluble but
vidual sizes; because of the danger of segregation it can be contain hygroscopic salts may cause balling of cement and
used for fine aggregate only when the fine aggregate is should be mixed with the sand. Water-soluble and liquid
separated into individual size fractions. admixtures should be added to the mixer in solution in the
mixing water. The quantity of such solution used shall be
NOTE 8—When using aggregates with low absorption in room-dry included in the calculation of the water content of the concrete.
condition the amount of water that will be absorbed by the aggregates
Admixtures, incompatible in concentrated form, such as solu-
before the concrete sets may be assumed to be 80 % of the difference
between the 24-h absorption of the aggregates determined by Test tions of calcium chloride and certain air-entraining and set-
Methods C 127 or C 128, and the amount of water in the pores of the retarding admixtures, should not be intermixed prior to their
aggregates in their room-dry state, as determined by Test Method C 566. addition to concrete. The time, sequence, and method of adding
some admixtures to a batch of concrete can have important
6.3.2.2 Individual size fractions of aggregate may be
effects on concrete properties such as time of set and air
weighed separately, recombined into a tared container in the
content. The method selected must remain unchanged from
amounts required for the batch, and immersed in water for 24
batch to batch.
h prior to use. After immersion the excess water is decanted
and the combined weight of aggregate and mixing water NOTE 9—The mixing apparatus and accessories shall be thoroughly
determined. Allowance shall be made for the amount of water cleaned to ensure that chemical additions or admixtures used in dissimilar
absorbed by the aggregate. The moisture content of the batches of concrete do not affect subsequent batches.
aggregates may be determined in accordance with Test Meth- 7. Procedure
ods C 70 and C 566. 7.1 Mixing Concrete:
6.3.2.3 The aggregate may be brought to and maintained in 7.1.1 General—Mix concrete in a suitable mixer or by hand
a saturated condition, with surface moisture contained in in batches of such size as to leave about 10 % excess after
sufficiently small amounts to preclude loss by draining, at least molding the test specimens. Hand-mixing procedures are not
24 h prior to use. When this method is used, the moisture applicable to air-entrained concrete or concrete with no mea-
content of the aggregate must be determined to permit calcu- surable slump. Hand mixing should be limited to batches of
lation of proper quantities of the damp aggregate. The quantity 1⁄4 ft3 [0.007 m3] volume or less. Mixing procedures are given
of surface moisture present must be counted as a part of the in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3. However, other procedures may be used
required amount of mixing water. Surface moisture in fine when it is desired to simulate special conditions or practices, or
aggregate may be determined in accordance with Test Methods when the procedures specified are impracticable. A machine-
C 70 and C 566, making due allowance for the amount of water mixing procedure suitable for drum-type mixers is described. It
absorbed. The method outlined here (moisture content slightly is important not to vary the mixing sequence and procedure
exceeding absorption) is particularly useful for fine aggregate. from batch to batch unless the effect of such variation is under
It is used less frequently for coarse aggregate because of the study.
difficulty of accurately determining the moisture content, but if 7.1.2 Machine Mixing—Prior to starting rotation of the
used, each size fraction must be handled separately to ensure mixer add the coarse aggregate, some of the mixing water, and
that the proper grading is obtained. the solution of admixture, when required, in accordance with
6.3.2.4 Aggregates, fine or coarse, may be brought to and 6.5. When feasible, disperse the admixture in the mixing water
maintained in a saturated surface-dry condition until batched before addition. Start the mixer, then add the fine aggregate,
for use. This method is used primarily to prepare material for cement, and water with the mixer running. If it is impractical
batches not exceeding 1⁄4 ft3 [0.007 m3] in volume. Care must for a particular mixer or for a particular test to add the fine
be taken to prevent drying during weighing and use. aggregate, cement, and water while the mixer is running, these
6.4 Lightweight Aggregates—The procedures for specific components may be added to the stopped mixer after permit-
gravity, absorption, and preparation of aggregates mentioned in ting it to turn a few revolutions following charging with coarse
this practice pertain to materials with normal absorption aggregate and some of the water (Note 10). Mix the concrete,
values. Lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and certain after all ingredients are in the mixer, for 3 min followed by a

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 C 192/C 192M
3-min rest, followed by a 2-min final mixing. Cover the open 7.2.4 Temperature—Determine the temperature of each
end or top of the mixer to prevent evaporation during the rest batch of concrete in accordance with Test Method C 1064.
period. Take precautions to compensate for mortar retained by 7.3 Making Specimens:
the mixer so that the discharged batch, as used, will be 7.3.1 Place of Molding—Mold specimens as near as prac-
correctly proportioned (Note 11). To eliminate segregation, ticable to the place where they are to be stored during the first
deposit machine-mixed concrete in the clean, damp mixing pan 24 h. If it is not practicable to mold the specimens where they
and remix by shovel or trowel until it appears to be uniform. will be stored, move them to the place of storage immediately
after being struck off. Place molds on a rigid surface free from
NOTE 10—An experienced operator may add water incrementally
during mixing to adjust to the desired slump. vibration and other disturbances. Avoid jarring, striking, tilting,
NOTE 11—It is difficult to recover all of the mortar from mixers. To or scarring of the surface of the specimens when moving the
compensate for this difficulty one of the following procedures may be used specimens to the storage place.
to ensure the correct final proportions in the batch: 7.3.2 Placing—Place the concrete in the molds using a
(1) “Buttering” the Mixer—Just prior to mixing the test batch, the scoop, blunted trowel, or shovel. Select each scoopful, trow-
mixer is “buttered” by mixing a batch proportioned to simulate closely the elful, or shovelful of concrete from the mixing pan to ensure
test batch. The mortar adhering to the mixer after discharging is intended
that it is representative of the batch. It may be necessary to
to compensate for loss of mortar from the test batch.
(2) “Over-Mortaring” the Mix—The test mix is proportioned by the remix the concrete in the mixing pan with a shovel or trowel to
use of an excess mortar, the amount established in advance, to compensate prevent segregation during the molding of specimens. Move
for that which, on the average, adheres to the mixer. In this case the mixer the scoop or trowel around the top edge of the mold as the
is cleaned before mixing the test batch. concrete is discharged in order to ensure a symmetrical
7.1.3 Hand Mixing—Mix the batch in a watertight, clean distribution of the concrete and to minimize segregation of
(Note 9), damp, metal pan or bowl, with a bricklayer’s blunted coarse aggregate within the mold. Further distribute the con-
trowel, using the following procedure when aggregates have crete by use of a tamping rod prior to the start of consolidation.
been prepared in accordance with 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.3, and 6.3.2.4. In placing the final layer the operator shall attempt to add an
7.1.3.1 Mix the cement, powdered insoluble admixture, if amount of concrete that will exactly fill the mold after
used, and fine aggregate without addition of water until they compaction. Do not add nonrepresentative samples of concrete
are thoroughly blended. to an underfilled mold.
7.1.3.2 Add the coarse aggregate and mix the entire batch 7.3.2.1 Number of Layers—Make specimens in layers as
without addition of water until the coarse aggregate is uni- indicated in Table 1.
formly distributed throughout the batch. 7.4 Consolidation:
7.1.3.3 Add water, and the admixture solution if used, and 7.4.1 Methods of Consolidation—Preparation of satisfac-
mix the mass until the concrete is homogeneous in appearance tory specimens requires different methods of consolidation.
and has the desired consistency. If prolonged mixing is The methods of consolidation are rodding, and internal or
necessary because of the addition of water in increments while external vibration. Base the selection of the method on the
adjusting the consistency, discard the batch and make a new slump, unless the method is stated in the specifications under
batch in which the mixing is not interrupted to make trial which the work is being performed. Rod or vibrate concrete
consistency tests. with slump greater than or equal to 1 in. [25 mm]. Vibrate
7.1.4 Mixed Concrete—Select the portions of the batch of concrete with slump less than 1 in. (Note 13). Do not use
mixed concrete to be used in tests for molding specimens so as internal vibration for cylinders with a diameter less than 4 in.
to be representative of the actual proportions and condition of [100 mm], and for beams or prisms with breath or depth less
the concrete. When the concrete is not being remixed or than 4 in.
sampled cover it to prevent evaporation. NOTE 13—Concrete of such low water content that it cannot be
7.2 Slump, Air Content, Yield, and Temperature: properly consolidated by the methods described herein is not covered by
7.2.1 Slump—Measure the slump of each batch of concrete
TABLE 1 Number of Layers Required for Specimens
immediately after mixing in accordance with Test Method
C 143. Specimen Type and Size Mode of Numbers of Layers
Consolidation of Approximate
NOTE 12—The slump test is unsuitable for concrete so dry that it Equal Depth
slumps less than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm]. No-slump concrete may be tested by one Cylinders:
of several means described in ACI 211.3. Diameter, in. [mm]
3 or 4 [75 to 100] rodding 2
7.2.2 Air Content—Determine the air content, when re- 6 [150] rodding 3
quired, in accordance with either Test Methods C 173 or C 231. 9 [225] rodding 4
Test Method C 231 should not be used with concretes made up to 9 [225] vibration 2
with lightweight aggregates, air-cooled blast-furnace slag, or Prisms and horizontal creep
aggregates of high porosity. Discard the concrete used for the Cylinders:
determination of air content. Depth, in. [mm]
7.2.3 Yield—Determine the yield of each batch of concrete, up to 8 [200] rodding 2
if required, in accordance with Test Method C 138. Concrete over 8 [200] rodding 3 or more
up to 8 [200] vibration 1
used for slump and yield tests may be returned to the mixing over 8 [200] vibration 2 or more
pan and remixed into the batch.

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 C 192/C 192M
this practice. Provisions for specimens and methods of testing will be greater than 3 in. [75 mm]. Longer times may be required for lower slump
found in the standards concerned. There are concretes that can be concrete, but the vibration time should rarely have to exceed 10 s per
consolidated by external vibration, but additional forces on the surface are insertion.
required to embed the coarse aggregate thoroughly and consolidate the
7.4.3.1 Internal Vibration—In compacting the specimen
mixture. For such mixtures the following procedures may be followed:
using external vibration fill 6 by 12-in. [150 by 300-mm] cylinder molds insert the vibrator slowly and do not allow the vibrator to rest
in 3 in. [75 mm] lifts using a 10-lb [4.5-kg] cylindrical surcharge, or 3 by on or touch the bottom or sides of the mold or strike embedded
6-in. [75 by 150-mm] cylinder molds in 2 in. [50 mm] lifts using a 2.5-lb items such as strain meters. Slowly withdraw the vibrator so
[1-kg] cylindrical surcharge. The surcharge should have a diameter 1⁄4 in. that no large air pockets are left in the specimen.
[6 mm] less than the inside of the mold. Simultaneously each lift should 7.4.3.2 Cylinders—The number of insertions of the vibrator
be compacted by external vibration with the surcharge on the top surface is given in Table 3. When more than one insertion per layer is
of the concrete, until the mortar begins to ooze around the bottom of the
surcharge.
required, distribute the insertions uniformly within each layer.
Allow the vibrator to penetrate into the layer below approxi-
7.4.2 Rodding—Place the concrete in the mold, in the mately 1 in. [25 mm]. After each layer is vibrated, tap the
required number of layers of approximately equal volume. Rod outside of the mold at least 10 times with the mallet to close the
each layer with the rounded end of the rod using the number of holes that remain and to release entrapped air voids. Use an
strokes and size of rod specified in Table 2. Rod the bottom open hand to tap cardboard or single-use metal molds that are
layer throughout its depth. Distribute the strokes uniformly susceptible to damage if tapped with a mallet.
over the cross section of the mold and for each upper layer 7.4.3.3 Beams, Prisms, and Horizontal Creep Cylinders—
allow the rod to penetrate through the layer being rodded and Insert the vibrator at intervals not exceeding 6 in. [150 mm]
into the layer below approximately 1 in. [25 mm]. After each along the center line of the long dimension of the specimen, or
layer is rodded, tap the outsides of the mold lightly 10 to 15 along both sides but not in contact with the strain gage in the
times with the mallet to close any holes left by rodding and to case of creep cylinders. For specimens wider than 6 in. [150
release any large air bubbles that may have been trapped. Use mm], use alternating insertions along two lines. Allow the shaft
an open hand to tap light-gage single-use molds which are of the vibrator to penetrate into the bottom layer approximately
susceptible to damage if tapped with a mallet. After tapping, 1 in. [25 mm]. After each layer is vibrated, tap the outsides of
spade the concrete along the sides and ends of beam and prism the mold sharply at least 10 times with the mallet to close holes
molds with a trowel or other suitable tool. left by vibrating and to release entrapped air voids.
7.4.3 Vibration—Maintain a uniform duration of vibration 7.4.4 External Vibration—When external vibration is used,
for the particular kind of concrete, vibrator, and specimen mold take care to ensure that the mold is rigidly attached to or
involved. The duration of vibration required will depend upon securely held against the vibrating element or vibrating surface
the workability of the concrete and the effectiveness of the (Note 13).
vibrator. Usually sufficient vibration has been applied as soon 7.5 Finishing—After consolidation by any of the methods,
as the surface of the concrete becomes relatively smooth and strike off the surface of the concrete and float or trowel it in
large air bubbles cease to break through the top surface. accordance with the method concerned. If no finish is specified,
Continue vibration only long enough to achieve proper con- finish the surface with a wood or magnesium float. Perform all
solidation of the concrete (see Note 14). Overvibration may finishing with the minimum manipulation necessary to produce
cause segregation. Fill the molds and vibrate in the required a flat even surface that is level with the rim or edge of the mold
number of approximately equal layers (Table 2). Place all the and which has no depressions or projections larger than 1⁄8 in.
concrete for each layer in the mold before starting vibration of [3 mm].
that layer. When placing the final layer, avoid overfilling by 7.5.1 Cylinders—After consolidation finish the top surfaces
more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm]. When the finish is applied after by striking them off with the tamping rod where the consis-
vibration, add only enough concrete with a trowel to overfill tency of the concrete permits, or with a wood float or trowel.
the mold about 1⁄8 in. [3 mm], work it into the surface and then If desired, cap the top surface of freshly made cylinders with a
strike it off. thin layer of stiff portland cement paste which is permitted to
NOTE 14—Generally, no more than 5 s of vibration should be required harden and cure with the specimen. See the section on Capping
for each insertion to adequately consolidate the concrete with a slump Materials of Practice C 617.
TABLE 2 Diameter of Rod and Number of Roddings to be Used in Molding Test Specimens
Cylinders
Diameter of Cylinder, in. [mm] Diameter of Rod in. [mm] Number of Strokes/Layer
2 [50] to <6 [150] 3⁄8[10] 25
6 [150] 5⁄8 [16] 25
8 [200] 5⁄8 [16] 50
10 [250] 5⁄8 [16] 75
Beams and Prisms
Top Surface Area of Specimen, in.2[cm2] Diameter of Rod in. (mm) Number of Roddings/Layer
25 [160] or less 3⁄8[10] 25
26 to 49 [165 to 310] 3⁄8[10] one for each 1 in.2 [7 cm2] of surface
50 [320] or more 5⁄8 [16] one for each 2 in.2[14 cm2] of surface
Horizontal Creep Cylinders
Diameter of Cylinder in. [mm] Diameter of Rod in. [mm] Number of Roddings/Layer
6 [150] 5⁄8[16] 50 total, 25 along both sides of axis

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 C 192/C 192M
TABLE 3 Number of Vibrator Insertions per Layer similar materials will always be lower than the temperature in the
Specimen Type and Size Number of Insertions per Layer surrounding atmosphere if evaporation takes place.
Cylinder: Diameter, in. [mm]
4 in. [200 mm] 1
8.4 Flexural Strength Test Specimens—Cure the flexural
6 in. [150 mm] 2 strength test specimens in accordance with 8.1 and 8.2 except
9 in. [225 mm] 4 that while in storage for a minimum period of 20 h immediately
prior to testing they shall be immersed in water saturated with
calcium hydroxide at 73 6 3°F [23 6 2°C]. At the end of the
7.5.2 Horizontally Cast Creep Cylinders—After consolida- curing period, between the time the specimen is removed from
tion strike off the specimen with a trowel or float, then trowel curing until testing is completed, drying of the surfaces shall be
the minimum amount required to form the concrete in the prevented.
opening concentrically with the rest of the specimen. Use a NOTE 16—Relatively small amounts of drying of the surface of flexural
screed curved to the radius of the specimen to more precisely strength specimens will induce tensile stresses in the extreme fibers that
shape and finish the concrete in the opening. will markedly reduce the indicated flexural strength.

8. Curing 9. Precision and Bias

8.1 Initial Storage—To prevent evaporation of water from 9.1 Data to establish precision statements for various testing
unhardened concrete, cover the specimens immediately after required by this standard were obtained in the Concrete
finishing, preferably with a nonabsorptive, nonreactive plate or Proficiency Sample Program of the Cement and Concrete
a sheet of tough, durable impervious plastic. Specimens shall Reference Laboratory.
be stored immediately after finishing until the removal of the 9.2 The single-operator standard deviations for slump, unit
molds to prevent loss of moisture from the specimens. Select weight, air content, and 7-day compressive strength of trial
an appropriate procedure or combination of procedures that batches have been found to be 0.7 in., 0.9 lb/ft3, 0.3 %, and 203
will prevent moisture loss and is nonabsorptive and nonreac- psi, respectively; therefore the results of properly conducted
tive with the concrete. When wet burlap is used for covering, tests on two trial batches made in the same laboratory should
the burlap must not be in contact with the fresh concrete not differ by more than 2.0 in., 2.5 lb/ft3, 0.8 %, and 574 psi,
surface and care must be exercised to keep the burlap wet until respectively. This precision statement is considered applicable
the specimens are removed from the molds. Placing a sheet of to laboratory trial batches proportioned to contain prescribed
plastic over the burlap will facilitate keeping it wet. Protect the quantities of materials and to have a constant water-cement
outside surfaces of cardboard molds from contact with wet ratio. The values should be used with caution for air-entrained
burlap or other sources of water for the first 24 h after the concrete, concrete with slump less than 2 in. [50 mm] or over
cylinders have been molded in them. Water may cause the 6 in. [150 mm], or concrete made with other than normal
molds to expand and damage specimens at this early age. weight aggregate or aggregate larger than 1 in. [25 mm]
8.2 Removal from Molds—Remove the specimens from the nominal maximum size.
molds 24 6 8 h after casting. For concrete with prolonged 9.3 The multilaboratory standard deviations for slump, unit
setting time, molds shall not be removed until 20 6 4 h after weight, air content, and 7-day compressive strength of trial
final set. If needed, determine the setting times in accordance batches have been found to be 1.0 in., 1.4 lb/ft3 0.4 %, and 347
with Test Method C 403/C 403M. psi, respectively; therefore, the results of properly conducted
8.3 Curing Environment—Unless otherwise specified all tests on single trial batches made in two different laboratories
specimens shall be moist cured at 73 6 3°F [23 6 2°C] from should not differ by more than 2.8 in., 4.0 lb/ft3, 1.1 %, and 981
the time of molding until the moment of test (Note 15). Storage psi, respectively. This precision statement is considered appli-
during the first 48 h of curing shall be in a vibration-free cable to laboratory trial batches proportioned to contain pre-
environment. As applied to the treatment of demolded speci- scribed quantities of materials and to have a prescribed
mens, moist curing means that the test specimens shall have water-cement ratio. The values should be used with caution for
free water maintained on the entire surface area at all times. air-entrained concrete, concrete with slump less than 2 in. [50
This condition is met by using water storage tanks or a moist mm] or over 6 in. [150 mm], or concrete made with other than
room in accordance with the requirements of Specification normal weight aggregate or aggregate larger than 1 in. [25 mm]
C 511. When water storage tanks are used, specimens shall be nominal maximum size.
immersed in a water saturated with calcium hydroxide to 9.4 Bias—The procedures for the test methods in 9.3 have
prevent leaching from the specimens. Specimens shall not be no bias because the values obtained from each of those test
exposed to dripping or running water. Cure structural light- methods are defined only in terms of the test method.
weight concrete cylinders in accordance with Specification
C 330. 10. Keywords
NOTE 15—The temperature within damp sand and under wet burlap or 10.1 concrete; cylinders; laboratory; prisms; strength testing

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 C 192/C 192M
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