This document contains 5 questions related to thermodynamics. Question 1 asks about determining the rate of evaporation of liquid nitrogen from a spherical tank exposed to ambient air. Question 2 repeats the same calculation for liquid oxygen. Question 3 asks about determining the rate of heat loss and cost from a heated air duct passing through an unheated attic space. Question 4 asks about determining the thermal conductivity and annual operating cost of a refrigerator. Question 5 asks about determining the final equilibrium temperature when ice is added to water in a tank.
This document contains 5 questions related to thermodynamics. Question 1 asks about determining the rate of evaporation of liquid nitrogen from a spherical tank exposed to ambient air. Question 2 repeats the same calculation for liquid oxygen. Question 3 asks about determining the rate of heat loss and cost from a heated air duct passing through an unheated attic space. Question 4 asks about determining the thermal conductivity and annual operating cost of a refrigerator. Question 5 asks about determining the final equilibrium temperature when ice is added to water in a tank.
This document contains 5 questions related to thermodynamics. Question 1 asks about determining the rate of evaporation of liquid nitrogen from a spherical tank exposed to ambient air. Question 2 repeats the same calculation for liquid oxygen. Question 3 asks about determining the rate of heat loss and cost from a heated air duct passing through an unheated attic space. Question 4 asks about determining the thermal conductivity and annual operating cost of a refrigerator. Question 5 asks about determining the final equilibrium temperature when ice is added to water in a tank.
This document contains 5 questions related to thermodynamics. Question 1 asks about determining the rate of evaporation of liquid nitrogen from a spherical tank exposed to ambient air. Question 2 repeats the same calculation for liquid oxygen. Question 3 asks about determining the rate of heat loss and cost from a heated air duct passing through an unheated attic space. Question 4 asks about determining the thermal conductivity and annual operating cost of a refrigerator. Question 5 asks about determining the final equilibrium temperature when ice is added to water in a tank.
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Assignment 1
SEM 1 SESI 2019/2020
Q1. The boiling temperature of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm) is -196°C. Therefore, nitrogen is commonly used in low temperature scientific studies since the temperature of liquid nitrogen in a tank open to the atmosphere will remain constant at -196°C until the liquid nitrogen inthe tank is depleted. Any heat transfer to the tank will result in the evaporation of some liquid nitrogen, which has a heat of vaporization of 198 kJ/kg and a density of 810 kg/m3 at 1 atm. Consider a 4-m-diameter spherical tank initially filled with liquid nitrogen at 1 atm and _196°C. The tank is exposed to 20°C ambient air with a heat transfer coefficient of 25 W/m2 · °C. The temperature of the thin-shelled spherical tank is observed to be almost the same as the temperature of the nitrogen inside. Disregarding any radiation heat exchange, determine the rate of evaporation of the liquid nitrogen in the tank as a result of the heat transfer from the ambient air.
Q2. Repeat Problem Q1 for liquid oxygen, which has a boiling temperature of -183°C, a heat of vaporization of 213 kJ/kg, and a density of 1140 kg/m3 at 1 atm pressure.
Q3. A4-m-long section of an air heating system of a house passes through an unheated space in the attic. The inner diameter of the circular duct of the heating system is 20 cm. Hot air enters the duct at 100 kPa and 65°C at an average velocity of 3 m/s. The temperature of the air in the duct drops to 60°C as a result of heat loss to the cool space in the attic. Determine the rate of heat loss from the air in the duct to the attic under steady conditions. Also, determine the cost of this heat loss per hour if the house is heated by a natural gas furnace having an efficiency of 82 percent, and the cost of the natural gas in that area is $0.58/therm (1 therm = 105,500 kJ). Q4. Consider a refrigerator whose dimensions are 1.8 m x 1.2 m x 0.8 m and whose walls are 3 cm thick. The refrigerator consumes 600 W of power when operating and has a COP of 2.5. It is observed that the motor of the refrigerator remains on for 5 minutes and then is off for 15 minutes periodically. If the average temperatures at the inner and outer surfaces of the refrigerator are 6°C and 17°C, respectively, determine the average thermal conductivity of the refrigerator walls. Also, determine the annual cost of operating this refrigerator if the unit cost of electricity is $0.08/kWh.
Q5 In order to cool 1 short ton (900kg) of water at 20°C in a tank, a person pours 70kg of ice at -4°C into the water. Determine the final equilibrium temperature in the tank. The melting temperature and the heat of fusion of ice at atmospheric pressure are 0°C and 333.7kJ/kg, respectively.
