COEN 3423

Computer System Administration

Introduction
Objectives:

 To be able to determine the function of client

and server in the network;
 To be able to determine the types of server in
the network;
 To be able to know the history and versions of
Windows Server;
 To be able to know what are the roles of a
server in the network.
Client and Server
Server
 It refers to the computer in the network that
provides a service to other computer.
 It is designated to store, process and
maintain resources.
 It is usually incorporated faster CPU’s, more
memory, larger disk drives and extra
peripherals.

 The speed of the server is determined by

CPU, memory and storage.
Server: Advantages
 Network administration is simple.

 It is easier to connect different platforms and

operating systems.

 Virtually unlimited capacity and unlimited

number of users.

 There is consistent and manageable version

control for both applications and data.
Server: Disadvantages

 At worst, server failures, it results in loss of

network resources.

 Complex, special-purpose server software

requires allocation of expert staff, which
increases expenses.

 Dedicated hardware and specialized software

add to the cost.
Types of Server

Centralized server
 It uses only a single server on a network that
handles all the server-specific networking
tasks.

Decentralized/Dedicated server
 It uses a single server on a multi-server
network that handles one or more server-
specific tasks.
Client

 It refers to the computer in the network that

requests a service from a server.

 It is designated to access and use the data

and resources.

 It refers to the computer on a network that let

users access the servers’ information and
resources.
Operating System
1. Network Operating System (NOS)
 Operating system installed/running in a
server.
 Examples: Windows Server
2000/2003/2008

2. Local/Desktop Operating System (LOS/DOS)

 Operating system installed/running in a
client.
 Examples: Windows XP/7/8
History of Windows Server
1993 – Windows NT Advanced Server
1994 – Windows NT Server 3.5
1995 – Windows NT Server 3.51 (with Client
Access License Tool)
1996 – Windows NT Server 4.0 (with Admin and
Client Setup, Internet Information Server 2.0 Web
Server)
1997 – Windows NT Server 4.0 Enterprise Edition
(for large corporate customers, with transaction
server )
1998 – Windows NT Server 4.0 Terminal Edition
(connecting non-Windows clients )
History of Windows Server
2000 – Windows Server 2000
- with active directory for directory
management
- with active server pages
- with XML support
- with server, advanced server and data
center server editions
History of Windows Server

2003 – Windows Server 2003

- with .NET Framework
- with enhanced active directory
- with enterprise, data center, web editions
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition
The dependable server operating system ideal for everyday needs of
business of all sizes, providing the optimal solution for file and printer
sharing, secure Internet connectivity, centralized desktop application
deployment, and a rich connected environment among employees,
partners, and customers.

Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition

The platform of choice for large enterprises as well as small and
medium-size businesses to develop, deliver, and secure applications,
Web services, and infrastructure—delivering high reliability,
performance, and superior business value. Enterprise Edition is
available in both 32-bit and 64-bit editions.
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition
This is the server of choice for business-critical and mission-critical
applications that demand the highest levels of scalability and
availability. Datacenter Edition is available through the Datacenter
Program in both 32-bit and 64-bit editions

Windows Server 2003, Web Edition

Optimized for serving and hosting web pages, while maintaining the
core functionalities that support enhanced reliability, manageability,
and security.
Windows Server 2008

2008 – Windows Server 2008

- with major architectural changes
- with major new enhancements in security and configurations
- with PowerShell and IPv6
- with server manager, clustering, enhanced web services, windows
server core, virtualization, reliability, multitasking and multithreading
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition
-The most basic server version on which the other versions are based
-Designed to meet the everyday needs of small to large businesses
-Provides file and print services, secure internet connectivity and centralized
management of network resources
-Supports multiprocessor computers and multiprocessor clients
-Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) computer
-A multiprocessor computer
-Hyper-V
-Enables to offer a virtualization environment
-Advantages of Hyper-V
-Can run 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems at the same time
-Can run on SMP computers
-Can access larger memory segments
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition
-Designed to meet the everyday needs of networks with applications and Web
services
-Requiring high-end servers and a high level of productivity
-Intended for midsized and large organizations that want the option to continue
scaling their server operations upward
-Can also handle SMP computers
-Enables clustering
-The ability to increase the access to server resources and provide fail-safe
services
-By linking two or more discrete computer systems so they appear to
function as though they are one
-Advantages
-Increases computer speed to complete server tasks faster
-Provides more computing power for handling resources-hungry applications
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition
-Hot-add memory
-The ability to add RAM without shutting down the computer or operating
system
-Fault tolerant memory sync
-Enables memory to resynchronize after transient memory problems so there
is no interruption to current computing activities
-Microsoft Metadirectory Services
-Facilitate multiple directory services to track and manage access to such
resources as user accounts, shared folders and shared printers
-Another option in this edition is the ability to have unlimited numbers of users
remotely access a server
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 Web Edition
-Designed for hosting and deploying web services and applications

Windows Server 2008 Data Center Edition

-Designed for environments with mission-critical applications, very large
databases and information access requiring high availability
-It is built for clustering
-Offers support for clustering with up to 16 computers
-For SMP computers, offers support for 2 to 64 processors
-Enables hot-add memory for increased server availability
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based System
-The maximum RAM supported by this is 2 TB
-Supports hot-add memory, hot-add processor, hot-replace processor and SMP
computers
-Supports server clustering for up to 8 servers in one cluster
-Intended for resource-intensive applications

Windows Server 2008 Versions Without Hyper-V

-Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition Without Hyper-V
-Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition Without Hyper-V
-Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition Without Hyper-V
Windows Server (Summary)
1993 – Start of NT Era

2000 – Start of Active Directory Era

2008 – Start of Virtualization Era

2012 – Start of Cloud Era

2016 – Start of Nano Server

2019 – Release October 2018, Hyperconverged

Infrastructure (HCI)
Windows Server 2008

With Windows Server 2008:

-The client workstation operating system most compatible with this is Windows 7.
-The overall goal of Microsoft is to achieve a lower total cost of ownership
-Advantages of using Windows Server 2008 as server and Windows 7 as client:
-New capabilities to recover from many types of network communications
problems
-Newly written code for more efficient network communications
-More network diagnostic capabilities
-New code for better use of the network communications protocols
-Use of windows PowerShell commands and scripts
Windows Server 2008
Server Manager
-Enables the server administrator to manage critical configuration features from
inside one tool.
-View computer configuration information.
-Change properties of a system.
-View network connections
-Configure Remote Desktop
-Configure security, including the firewall and how to obtain updates.
-Configure a multitude of server roles, from a basic file server to advanced
network services
-Add and remove features
-Run diagnostics.
-Manage storage and backups
Windows Server 2008
Security
Network Access Protection (NAP)
-An umbrella of security protection features that monitor and manage a server and
its clients.
-Identifies clients and other computers on a network that do not comply with
the security policies.
-Limits access by noncompliant computers
-Automatically updates or configures a noncompliant computer to match the
security policies
-Continuously checks throughout the entire network and server connection
session
Windows Server 2008
Security
-When installing this, add a feature or install a Windows component, an essential
level of security is automatically implemented.
-This also comes with the Security Configuration Wizard (SCW) that simplifies
security configuration.
-Other security features:
-File and folder permissions
-Security policies
-Encryption of data
-Event auditing
-Various authentication methods
-Server management and monitoring tools
Windows Server 2008

Clustering and Clustering Tools

-Test a cluster to ensure it is set up to accomplish the task for which it is intended
-Migrate configuration settings from one cluster to another
-Quickly configure a cluster and troubleshoot problems
-Set up storage used in a cluster
-Create better cluster storage performance and reliability
-Secure a cluster and enable it to use new network capabilities
Windows Server 2008
Enhanced Web Services

-Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

-Transforms Windows Server 2008 into a versatile Web server
-IIS has been redesigned to:
-Include over 40 modules, intended to enable IIS to have a lower attack
surface
-Provide easier application of IIS patches
-Make it easier for network programmers to write network applications and
configure applications for the Web
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server Core

-A minimum server configuration

-Designed to function in a fashion similar to traditional UNIX and Linux servers
-Does not provide the following:
-A graphical interface, just a command-line
-Graphical tools to configure the server
-Extra services that are not needed
-A mouse pointer on the screen
-Windows Mail, Microsoft Word, search windows and other software
Windows Server 2008
Windows PowerShell

-A command-line interface that offers a shell, a customized environment for

executing commands and scripts.
-Can perform:
-Work with files and folders
-Manage disk storage
-Manage network tasks
-Set up local and network printing options
-Install, list and remove software applications
Windows Server 2008
Virtualization

-Hyper-V provides the ability to run two or more operating systems on a single
computer.
-Hyper-V capable of:
-Compatible with clustering
-Able to handle up to a 4-processor SMP computer
-Can be used with Windows and Linux operating systems
-Compatible with different types of disk storage methods
-Enables fast migration from one computer to another
-Can house 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems
Windows Server 2008
Reliability
-The operating system kernel runs in privileged mode, protects it from problems
created by a malfunctioning program or process.
-The kernel consists of the core programs and the computer code of the operating
system
-Privileged mode gives the operating system kernel an extra level of security from
intruders, prevents system crashes due to poorly written applications.
-Microsoft has introduced typical and protected processes, a computer program or
portion of a program that is currently running.
-Typical process, like one on previous windows systems in which the process can be
influenced by a user or other processes.
-Protected process, one for which outside influences are restricted.
Windows Server 2008

Multitasking and Multithreading

-Multitasking, the ability to run two or more programs at the same time
-Multithreading, the capability of programs written to run several program code
blocks or threads at the same time.
-Preemptive multitasking
-Each program runs in an area of memory separate from areas used by other
programs
-Reduces the risk of one program interfering with the smooth running of
another program.
Server Roles
Server Roles
A role is a primary duty that a server performs.
For example, a server would be "that's my
domain controller (DC) and DNS server."

A feature is something that helps a server

perform its primary duty (Windows Backup,
network load balancing). Certain roles are
comprised of sub-elements called Role
Services, which are distinct units of
functionality.
Server Roles
Server Roles
 Active Directory Certificate Services
 Active Directory Domain Services
 Active Directory Federation Services
 Active Directory Lightweight Directory
Services
 Active Directory Rights Management
Services
 Application Server
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Server
 DNS Server
 Fax Server
Server Roles
File Services
 Hyper-V
 Network Policy and Access Services
 Print Services
 Terminal Services
 Universal Description, Discovery, and
Integration (UDDI) Services
 Web Server (IIS)
 Windows Deployment Services (WDS)
Active Directory Certificate Services
 Provides the services for creating and
managing public key certificates used in
most aspects of security today, including
HTTP Security (HTTPS), which is vital to
many Windows Roles; Wireless network
security; VPNs; IPsec; Encrypting File
System (EFS); and other software security
systems that require encryption or digital
signatures.
Active Directory Domain Services
 Previously known as just Active Directory,
AD Domain Services stores information
about users, computers, and other devices
on the network in a security boundary
known as a domain. With resources and
users being members of a domain or
trusted hierarchy of domains known as a
forest, access to company wide information
is secure and no burden on the user.
Active Directory Federal Services
 Provides Web single-sign-on (SSO)
capabilities across separate organizations,
allowing authentication across multiple Web
applications in various companies using a
single user account. ADFS accomplishes
this by securely federating, or sharing, user
identities and access rights, in the form of
digital claims, between partner
organizations once a federation trust has
been established.
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services

 Previously known as Active Directory

Application Mode (ADAM), Active Directory
Lightweight Directory Services provides a
directory service that organizations can use to
store information specific to an application that
is separate from the organization's main AD.
Active Directory Lightweight Directory
Services runs as a non-OS service and doesn't
require deployment on a DC, with multiple
Active Directory Lightweight Directory
Services instances supported on a single
server.
Active Directory Right Management Services

 Provides very granular protection on

supported documents via AD RMS-enabled
applications to not only protect documents
and other digital information but also to
control the actions that authorized
consumers of the information can do.
Application Server
 Comprises a number of components that
are responsible for the deployment and
managing of .NET Framework 3.0
applications. These components include the
.NET Framework, Web Server (IIS) Support,
Message Queuing, COM+ Network Access,
TCP Port Sharing, Distributed Transactions
and Windows Process Activation Service
Support.
DHCP Server
 Allows servers to assign or lease IP
addresses to computers and other devices
that are enabled as DHCP clients on the
network.
DNS Server
 DNS is used to resolve host names to IP
addresses, both IPv4 and IPv6.
Fax Server
 Sends and receives faxes, and allows you
to manage fax resources such as jobs,
settings, reports, and fax devices on this
computer or on the network.
File Services
 Provides technologies for storage
management, which includes control of the
types of files stored on a server via file
screens and powerful quotas, file
replication, distributed namespace
management, NFS, and support for UNIX
clients.
Hyper-V
 Provides the services that you can use to
create and manage virtual machines (VMs)
and their resources. Hyper-V will ship within
180 days of the Server 2008 launch, but a
beta version is supplied with the 2008 RTM.
NetworkPolicy and Access Services
 Delivers a variety of methods to provide users
with local and remote network connectivity, to
connect network segments, and to allow network
administrators to centrally manage network
access and client health policies. With Network
Access Services, you can deploy VPN servers,
dial-up servers, routers, and 802.11 protected
wireless access. You can also deploy RADIUS
servers and proxies, and use Connection
Manager Administration Kit to create remote
access profiles that allow client computers to
connect to your network.
Print Services
 Enables the management of print servers
and printers. A print server reduces
administrative and management workload
by centralizing printer management tasks.
Also part of Print Services is the Print
Management Console, which streamlines
the management of all aspects of printer
server management including the ability to
remotely scan a subnet for printers and
automatically create the necessary print
queues and shares.
Terminal Services
 Enables users to access Windows-based
programs that are installed on a terminal server or
to access the Windows desktop from almost any
computing device that supports the RDP protocol.
Users can connect to a terminal server to run
programs and to use network resources on that
server. Server 2008 has technologies that allow the
RDP traffic necessary for communication with a
terminal server from a client to be encapsulated in
HTTPS packets, which means all communication is
via port 443 so no special holes are required in the
firewall for access to terminal servers within an
organization from the Internet.
UDDI Services
 UDDI Services provides description,
discovery, and integration capabilities for
sharing information about Web services
within an organization's intranet, between
business partners on an extranet, or on the
Internet.
Web Server(IIS)
 Enables sharing of information on the
Internet, intranets, or extranets. It's a
unified Web platform that integrates IIS 7.0,
ASP.NET, and Windows Communication
Foundation. IIS 7.0 also features enhanced
security, simplified diagnostics, and
delegated administration.
Windows Deployment Services
 Used to install and configure Windows OS
that are stored in the Windows Imagine
format remotely on computers via Pre-boot
Execution Environment (PXE) boot ROMs.
Next task?

Installation of Windows Server