.1~1}J~PI: Tn d.~to.n,,h,~ the.

w,tvt)l~n~th or nny tlwe,1 Hn~1Nol' m~11m11y Haht hy

· :<tttlr~.etioo gr\\tlns in\ 111 01'\itw sp,wt-rum1
·: ·.., AJl:PAB,~\'J'\lS; A ditlh~otlon Q.t'flll1'1,l, fiJ)t>ot1 omute11.~1,ll'it l~vol, muMnfryft1~ INm
1

·,:/:tllld Ult'l'C\U')I Lt\ll)p.

;-_,~)'_

. -,: :J'HEORY AND FOR~!lll l~ t

>~~J,Mffnletion grutina:
t" 1-
\'

,;/l)ifth1ction grutlng is u plnne glnss plute, which huve u 1u11i-1b~1· of tK1uldh1.unt:.

,'::}\parallel straight lines. The line produce 01,t,que roslon while t:ht, Mpoce b~t:wct~,., the
· lines t'esults in transparent. region.
I,
· The thickness of tJ1ese opacities
, ~ld transparencies is of the order
of the wavelength of visible light.
'flle number of lines in a plane
· tfunsmission grating is of the order
;, , Qf6000 lines per cm (15,000 lines Figure l. Diffraction grating
'
· per inch).
;..

Transparent region
.:·. p

. p'
Opaque region
Figure 2. Ray diagram of diffraction gratin,g from grating
Page 1 of S
\\'hen" 1-,m'll'hr,,~m:•ti ~ p.~llel t.,eam of light is incident normal) 0
11 11
difn'(lction llf 1be incident hght takes place. The constructive int Y n 11 •
plnc-e when the path difference ((a+ b)Sin8) is an integral mult~rfercnlt 1,~'%n,
. ..... ,J , t • • • tple of ,11 t ~
• Thu~ the transnutn.,"'U J,r"°'n 1t gives nse to primary max 1·ma' s tn
,J\ . - \,,e, a~ ~
~•.- . ..
\\d
1 cert . r:ri
accorJm,t1- to the iullow1ng fornlll a a, r, u, te:crIr"'
'&ih
- ~,
_,. ___ (1)
(a + b)Sin811 = nA
Here ·a is the width of ¢ Sourc-e
transparent region, b is the - Collimator
width of opaque region, 811 is
the angle of diffraction for the
ni.~ order ma.xima and il is the
wavelength of light Prism table

lf N is the number of lines in

a grating of 2.54 cm, then the
value of ( a + b) (also called
grating element is given by

(a+b) =~cm
N
(2)

Here N is 15000 lines per

2.54 cm.

From (l),we have R

R y
Ycv vG
l 11 Ordrr
A= (a+b)SinBn
n ------- (2) Telesr.ope

From(!) and (2), -forthe first

· · have
order diffraction, we Figure 3. Experimental set up

A = Z.54xSin8 . ,.
N ----- (3)

Page2of5
 ~ XU ~>K'7:'fi';s'ffli ,!&S¾IS,'itJliUitiiiiSEB:~.at:%_!~:~

~~OCEDURE:
-,/ ~heck that s §te ~

./ Follo\\ing adjustments are made before performing the c,mer1ment.

l, Level the prism table and do all adjustments of spectrometer for parallel
light rays.
.2. Adjust the height of the prism table so that light falls on the central position
of the grating. ..
3. Make grating normal- to
.~
the axis of. collimator
:..-~
~
by following method:
·

4. All observations should be recorded in degrees and minutes (L.C. of

vernierscale is 1 minute)
5. Without placing the grating, bring the direct image of slit on vertical cross
wireof the telescope and note any one of the vernier scale.
6. Mount the grating on the prism table and do not loosen its upper
screwg_~g the experiment after the height has been adjusted.

✓ Determination of angle 20:

1. Rotate the telescope to the left side of direct image and adjust the vertical
cross wire for 1st order(in different spectral lines violet, green and yellow
I and II). Note the reading of both scales. (Main scale and Verniers).
. '
•:t' ·~
2. Now· rotate the telescope to the right of the direct image and repeat the
procedure at the steps 1.
. ~-
3. Take -the difference of corresponding V1 and V2 on the left and right for
the same colour and find mean as noted in observation table.

Page 3 of S
 1
" M~isutf!!•rt•• el anatt
,.,.....~
.

,~ ,
~
-·~ . ._ Nadia, (M.S)At is
... .tl11J
.

where the
.
Vem1er
. - h') coincide with tJ1e
~~ ~"''
(h,·isitm of main scale. For
0xampk, m . r·.,gure
.. 4., the M.S.
reading is 155°.
2. \'ert(ier sade reading (V.S,):- It -Main Scalf• ll
. ead1
,is the re~ding where the no. of line Vernier Scale Read hig ng
of vernier scale exactly coincide Figure 4. Measurement cf.
<tngle
with the main scale division. For
example, in Figure 4., the V.S.
reading is I5.
. 1
Now tJae Total Redading is= MS+VRx LC=: 155+1~~60 = 155.25t

OBSERVATION:

j Order of C.Olourof Vernier Spectrum on left side

Total(A)
Spectrum on right side
M.S VR Total(B)
Diff er~e
I spectrum light no. M.S. VR 20=(A-B) (in
.;., xic MS+VRxLC xLC MS+VRxLC (in degrees) degret
I! (in degrees) (in degrees) s)
l
! V1
l Violet - -
l! ',

V2
.•

.... V1
- Green
FIRST V2
\
I '• V1
l Yellow
! · v2
'

Page4 of S
 - 2,54
( b)· = -cm
-a+ N

~- J (a. +b)Stne)
1

RESULT! The wavelengths are given in the table.

-'-"

Colour -of.the bbserved A(A 0

) Standard A(A 0
) % error
sr,e?~l line -
v.io.let 4358 --

~~ 5461
Yel~w-'
5769

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Spectrometer and Grating must be properly adjusted before performing the
experiment.
2. The slit should be narrow.
3. Hold th~ grating from the edges; do not touch its middle part.
'
4. Tli¢light should fall on the whole of the grating surface.
7

7
I

Page 5 of 5