Disclosure To Promote The Right To Information
Disclosure To Promote The Right To Information
Disclosure To Promote The Right To Information
Indian Standard
METHODS FOR SAMPLING OF
MINERAL GYPSUM
UDC 553.635.1:620.11](083.74)(540)
Indian Standard
METHODS FOR SAMPLING OF
MINERAL GYPSUM
Secretwy
SHRI B. N. SIIGII Extra Assistant Director (Statistics), Indian Standards Insti-
tution
Indian Standard
METHODS FOR SAMPLING OF
MINERAL GYPSUM
0. FOREWORD
. 2
IS:1289-1960
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes methods for sampling of gypsum from wagons,
conveyer belts and packages. It also lays down a procedure for reporting
the quality of the material sampled; and indicates the method for estimating
the percentage of material above or below a certain level of quality.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
2.1 Lot -The quantity of gypsum delivered at one time in a shift or a day.
2.2 Sub-Lot .-- The quantity of gypsum in each of the portions into
which a lot is divided for the purpose of sampling. A lot may be divided
into several sub-lots.
2.3 Increment --The quantity of gypsum taken by a single operation of
the sampling implement.
2.4 Gross Sample-Sample as collected from a sub-lot, that is, the
quantity of gypsum obtained by aggregating together a!1 the increments
drawn from the same sub-lot.
2.5 Sample Division -The process whereby a part of the sample is
retained and the remainder rejected.
2.6 Sample Reduction - The process of crushing or grinding the sample
to reduce the particle c; zc and of mising and sample dividing in succcssivc
stages.
2.7 Laboratory Sample ( or Prepared Sample ) -The quantity of
gypsum obtained by reducing a gross sample by following a specified procc-
dure ( we 2.6 ) for laboratory testin!:.
2.8 Composite Sample ( for the Lot ) -The quantity of gypsum ob-
tained by mixing together proportionate quantities of gypsum from each
of the laborator!, samples rcprcxnting the sub-lots into which the lot has
been divided.
2.9 Lumps -- C;ypsum retained on IS Sicl.o 2”.
2.10 Fines - 1.~ypsum which pa:>ses through TS !%xe 2”
3.2 Gross Sample -- ‘Ills gross sample shall 1~ collchcted Tram a sub-lot
by taking about tight incrcmcnts ( SECalso Sotc 1 ) iron KKII of the wagons
in the sub-lot at regular intervals at the tim:: ol loading or unloading of
the wagons manually. The incrcmcnts shall bc collcctctl from a ~xgon
four times during the whole pcriotl of its !oading or unloading.
NOTE 1 - .\ccording to tllc csistil:g contliti.)ns, an incrcmcnt \vili con&t 01
a pan-load of mntcrixl weighing about 40 kg. ‘l‘hc material taken out from a
uagon at n time mny consist of two pans generally, tint sotnctimes only one pan
may lx actually moving at the time of sampling and hcncr: that al~111cs!lnll bc
collcctctl for sn&;>ling. The quantity of material takc:n out from a wagon may.
tlwrcforc. bc about 320 kg.
6
I I I
WAGONS I
I
I
I I I
I I I
I I
I
I
SAME PROCLDURE AS IN SUB-LOT No. I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
REDUCED I
(See Fig.2) I
I
GROSS SAMPLE
SCREENED THROUGH
IS yEVE i’
LlJtiPS FINES
(+5 cm) (-5 cm)
70 kg
CRUSHED CRUSHED
(IS SIEVE 320) S SIEVE 320)
REDUCED REDUCED
i
IO kg IO kg
CRUSHED
(IS SIEVE 85)
REDUCED
CRUSHED
(IS SIEVE 25)
a
IS: 1289 - 1960
4.2.1 The increments shall preferably be taken from the full cross section
and thickness of the stream and in one operation. When gypsum is in
motion, the most reliable means of obtaining such increments is to sample
at a point where the gypsum discharges from the belt. The best possible
increment is one which cuts across entirely a falling stream of the material
by means of a suitable receptacle passed from one side of the stream to
the other without allowing the receptacle to overflow. If the whole of
the stream cannot be covered by one increment without overfilling the
receptacle, the stream should be sampled systematically by taking mate-
rial from all portions.
4.2.2 If it is not possible to sample satisfactorily at the point of discharge,
the increments may be drawn from the moving belt itself. In this case,
the increments shall be collected from the centre and the left and right
sides of the belt along the same width. To ensure that very fine material
is also correctly obtained in the sample, the scoop should sweep the bottom
of the conveyer.
4.2.3 If it is practicable to stop the belt periodically, increments may
be collected from the whole cross section of the stream by sweeping the
whole of the gypsum lying between the sides of a suitable frame placed
across the belt. The frame should be inserted in t& gypsum until it is
in contact with the belt across its full width.
NOTE- Eeforc collecting the increments, the speed of the conveyer and quantity
of material passing a certain point in a given time shall be ascertained so that an
appropriate spacing of the increments may be arranged over the whole of
the lot.
ii
IS:l289-1960
5.1 Sub-Lot - All the packages in a lot shall be divided into a suitable
number of sub-lots, depending upon the tonnage, as specified in Table I.
5.1.1 A representative gross sample shall be drawn from each of the
sub-lots as specified in 5.2, and shall be kept separately for test purposes.
Thus, there will be as many gross samples as the number of sub-lots into
which the lot has been sub-divided.
5.2 Gross Sample - For drawing a representative sample from a sub-lot,
at least three percent of the packages, with the minimum of five, shall be
sampled. In case fractional numbers are obtained, the number of packages
to be selected shall be taken to be equal to the nest higher integer.
5.2.1 These packages shall be chosen at random from the sub-lot. To
ensure such selection, a random number table as agreed between the pur-
chaser and thr supplier shall be used. 111 case such a table is not avail-
able, the following procedure shall be adopted:
Arrange all the packages in the sub-lot in one order and starting from
any package. count them as 1, 2, 3, . . . . . , up to Y and so on. Every
rth container, thus counted, shall be separated to give a sample for test,
where Y = M/W, dl being the total number of packages in the lot, and 7th
the number of packages to be chosen ( see 5.2 ). In caie Y is not a whole
number, its r:alue shall bc taken as equal to the integral part of it.
5.2.2 Draw with an appropriate sampling scoop small portions of the
material from different parts of each package selected ( see 5.2 ). The
total quaniity of the material taken out from each package shall be not
less than 5 kg.
5.2.2.1 The material drawn from various packages in a sub-lot shall
be thoroughly mixed together and shall constitute a gross sample.
5.3 Laboratory Sample - The material as obtained under 5.2.2.1 shall
be riffled till the quantity comes down to 10 kg. It shall then be further
reduced and a laboratory sample prepared as in 4.3.1.
6. NUMBER OF TESTS
6.1 The laboratory samp!cs representing various sub-lots in a lot shall be
tested individually for important characteristics. For the remaining
characteristics, a composite sample prepared by mixing proportionate
quantities by weight of the material from each of the laboratory samples
shall be tested.
6.2 Unless otllerwisc agreed between the purchaser and the vendor or
Yl~~cifiedin the material specification, the characteristics for which the in-
tlividual and the cornpo&v samples art: to be tested shall be in accordance
with Table II.
10
IS: 1289 - 1960
CHARACTERISTIC SAnrPLrl
7.i For those characteristics where a composite sample has been tested,
only one test result shall be available and that result shall he reported
as the value of the characteristic for the lot.
7.2 In the case of calcium sulphate a-1(1 silica where the laboratory samples
have been tested individually, the weighted average (2) and the standard
deviation (s) of the test results shall be calculated ( SEC A-l ) for assessing
the average level and the extent of variation of the quality.
7.2.1 The average level of the characteristic in the lot shall bc reported
as equal to X.
7.2.2 The limits for the variation of the characteristic in the lot shall be
reported as X & KS, where K is a constant, the value of which depends upon
the number of laboratory samples analysed ( see Table III ), implying there-
by that the quality of the material in the lot varies between these limits.
7.3 For assessing the percentage of material lying above or below a certain
level of quality, the procedure prescribed in Appendix A shall be followed.
11
IS: 1289 - 1960
APPENDIX A
( Clause 7.3 )
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY
A-l. The weighted average and the standard deviation of the test results
shall be calculated as follows:
If, for any particular characteristic, x1, +, . . . , x, are the results
of analysing IZ laboratory samples reprcsentmg the sub-lots of w-eights
x+, Zr’*, . ) ‘iVn rcspectivelv, then
icrx~+zi’&, + . . . . +ZL’*& zw
\Veigl;tcd average (2) -_ ----I~_~ __
q-/--w*+. . .+21.n = -E
A-2. The 1ralue.j of the weightsd average (X) and the standard deviation (s)
obtained in A-l may bc utilized in assessing the pcrccntage of material
lying above or below a certain Icvcl of quality or between two levels of
~lualitv.
-4-2.1 For estimating the percentage of material below a quality level,
sa!. L, the value of the esyrcssion ( L-5 )/a ( == tL say ) will be calculated,
whcrc: CJ -= s/c and c is read from Table III for the given IZ. The propor-
tion below fL, say PL, which is read off from Table IV, determines the
proportion of material having a quality level less than or equal to L.
,4-2.1.1 100PL and ?VP{. shall give respectively the estimates of the per-
centage and the actual amount of material having a quality worse than or
equal-to L, TV being the total weight of the lot.
12
IS: 1289 - 1960
PROPORTION J'KOIWRTION
OF MAT~RIAI OF MATERIAL
(P) (I')
A-2.3 The pcrcentagc a:ld the actual amount of material lying between
the two quality limits L and U shall be given by 100(P~ -~PL) and TV(P~-PL)
respectively.
13
.“__..._l ._ .._.*.
IS : 1289 - 1960
is calculated to he o.841
2’s’ =-- 3.34
4 For estimating the percent material below 86, the value of the
expression (86--87*70)/3*34 is found to he equal to -0-S. Read, ii,
from Table IV corresponding to this value, PL is found to be equal
to O-308 5 or 31 percent. This indicates that 31 percent of the
material has sulphate content of 86 percent or less. As the total
tonnage is 40250 tonnes, the amount of material having a quality
worse than 86 percent is 125 tonnes.
b! For estimating the percent material over 87 percent, the value of
APPENDIX B
( czame 3.3.4)
PREPARATION OF LABORATORY SAMPLES
B-l.1 The places set apart for the treatment of gross and laboratory
samples shall preferably be enclosed, roofed over, cool and free from draughts.
B-l.2 Where this is not possible, precautions shall be taken against (a) loss
of fine wind-borne sample, (b) contamination with moisture, and (c) con-
tamination with foreign matter.
B-l.3 Select a hard and clean surface free of cracks for sample mixing,
quartering and other operations. Do not let cinders, sand, chippings from
the floor or any other foreign matter get into the sample.
14
IS: 1289 - 1960
B-l.4 While grinding the samples, care shall be taken to see that excessive
heat is not generated so as to induce calcination ( dehydration ) of the
samples.
B-2.1 The material which has passed through IS Sieve 85 ( set 3.3.4 ) shall
be heaped into the shape of a cone by pouring one scoopful of the material
after another at the apex of the cone till the entire sample has been coned.
The material shall be allowed to slide down the sides of the cone only under
the influence of gravity.
B-2.2 Flatten the cone evenly so that it forms a low circular pile. Cut
the pile into four quarters along two diameters which intersect at right
angles. Retain one pair of opposite quarters and reject the other. Repeat
till the size of the retained sample is reduced to the required weight of
1.5 kg.’
15
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