Bms
Bms
Bms
الرحيم
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
WWW.Ikshanh.jeeran.COM
Evolution of
BMS With
HVAC SYSTEMS
Name of Presenter : Ibrahim Elsayed Kshanh
Titlewww.ibrahim.kshanh.name
: Maintenance
Ibrahim kshanh
Specialist
Contents
1-Introduction To BMS
- BMS Def.
- BMS Objectives
2-HVAC Systems
3-HVAC Automation
- HVAC Control
- DDC Control
- Building Automation & BMS (Supervisory Controls)
-Control Theory (DDC Algorithm)
-Control Concept
-Modes of Control
4-HVAC Instrumentation
-Control Valves & Valve Authority Concept
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
WWW.Ikshanh.jeeran.COM
Building
Management
System
Fire Others
Access Security
HVAC
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Objective of BMS
• Maintenance Reports
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
WWW.Ikshanh.jeeran.COM
BMS
and HVAC
Systems
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning System
HVAC
Self Contained
Central Systems
Unitary Units
Ex: AC split units .VRV,…[Space Thermostat] -Central Supply Subsystem
Or Electronic Control -End Use Zone Subsystems
-Combination Ex: : Chiller or Boiler & AHU,FCU
Used when the first cost is more important
than the operating cost Central AHU & VAV
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
HVAC Control
HVAC:
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning System
Comfort Condition
Temperature (T): 20—25 C
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
HVAC Control
Condenser
* * * *
2-WAY LOADS
Evaporator
Chiller1
Condenser
* * * *
Secondary Chilled Water Pumps
Evaporator
Chiller2
Condenser
* * * *
Evaporator
Chiller3
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
AHU Control
Exhaust air
Return air
AO
M
AO
M
SM
E
CO2
Supply air
H
AO
M M
M
DO
AO
DI
MCC DDC DI
AI
Panel Control DI
AI
Panel
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Chilled water system control
Primary. Ch.W.
Pumps
L
H L
Main Return
Header Chiller
H L
2-Way
Loads
DP
Secondary
Pumps Ch.W.
Main Supply
Header Chiller
VFD
Controller
PID Loop
• Open Protocols
Promotes Integration
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Building Automation & BMS
(Supervisory Controls)
Supervisory
Control
Control Theory
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Control Concept
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Implemented Control Loops
Set point
Controller
(Algorithm)
Corrective
Closed loop Control
signal
Feed back
Final Control
Element
Manipulated
variable
Process External
(Final Control Element) Disturbance
Sensing
Element Controlled
variable
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
1-Two-Position Control
On/Off Control
Heating On/OFF
Control: Zone Over
1 for T≤ Tmin Temp.
shoot
Control Signal
Off Value 22
Zero for T≥ T max
Differential
+/- 2
Set Pont:20
On Value 18
Under
shoot
Time
Control
Signal
Disadvantages:
-Control Overshooting Off On
Time
-Results in Cycling Process
Cycle
Duty Cycle
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
2-Time Proportioning Two-Position Control
Process Error Signal Analog Controller Two Position Pulses with duty cycle
Signal
Controller
Output Converter 0%--100%
4 --20 mA
Control
Proportional Band
Signal T ≤ 460
Cycle
Over
shoot
Proportional Band
540 On
T =480
+/- 40
Set Point:500
460
Under
On Off
shoot
T =500
460
540
T =520
ON Off
T≥540
Application:
Heating Current Valve
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
3-Floating /Three Position Control
Example: Static
Pressure
Static Pressure Control
Dead Set point
band
Inlet Van
Damper
P Actuator
Common Damper
DO1(ON)
ControllerDO2(OFF) position
remain close
remain open
DO1/2 open
remain
Time
Time
Fully Closed
Pulse Duration
Damper Position is Linear and proportional to the
On/Off Pulse Durations
Fully Open
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
4-Proportional Control (P)
T
4 – 20 mA Time
Set Point
0—10 Vdc
T
Control Signal = K p* Error +M
0% 50% 100%
K p: Controller Gain
Cooling
M : Bias or Manual Reset Coil Valve Set Point
Control
Output Cooling
Kp To Process
Manipulated Variable
GPM
M
Error
Linear Relation Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Proportional Control (P)
Actuator
Position
Cooling
100%
50%
0%
Set
point Offset
Actuator
Position
Cooling
100%
L1 L2 L3
Multiple Final Control 50%
Element Position for each
controlled variable value
0%
Offset
Time
• Fast Response
M
gpm
Controller Controlled Variable
P
Compensation Sensor
AHU Control
P Temp. Control Loop
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
6-Derivative Control (PID)
Control Variable
T
Offset
Time
• Oscillation damping
• Noise Sensitive
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
WWW.Ikshanh.jeeran.COM
HVAC Instrumentation
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
HVAC Control Valves
Controller
AHU Control
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Controllability The best controllability is achieved by keeping
Linear relationship between the Control output
(which considered as the valve stroke ) and the
output cooling
Output Energy
BTU 100%
50%
O/P Energy %
BTU
At Const.
Water Temp.
Air Temp.
Coil Surface Area.
100%
Flow %
gpm
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Valves Flow Characteristics:
Linear Relationship
Equal Percentage
100%
Valve Stroke %
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Combined Valve & Coil Characteristics:
Cooling
% 100 Flow % Equal Percentage curve
% 100%
Coil
Valve
100 100%
%
Flow % Valve Stroke %
Cooling %
Coil Curve
Best Controllability
Valve Curve
Ibrahim kshanh
Valve Stroke
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
%
Equal Percentage valve Inherent C/Cs
Flow %
100%
[ (X/T)-1] Theoretical /Inherent c/cs
Q = Qmax R Assuming Const.ΔP with flow
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
Equal Percentage Installed C/Cs
M
ΔPc ΔPv
Pump Head
100% Pump
System Curve
100%
Flow %
2-As valve closes, More Pump Head will be appeared across the valve
Ibrahim kshanh
www.ibrahim.kshanh.name
To minimize the variation in the valve pressure drop (ΔPv)
Size the valve for initial pressure drop (ΔP v100% ) as close as
possible to the close off pressure drop (ΔP v 0% ) which is equal to
the Total Pump Head
100%
N=1%
N=10%
N=5%
N=33%
N=50%
100%
Valve Stroke %
Kv Selection
Lower Kv Higher Kv
Thank You
http://www.ibrahim.kshanh.name