Table of Contents

Water Injection:...................................................................................................................................... 2
Gas Injection ........................................................................................................................................... 2
Sweep Efficiency ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Reservoir Simulation: ............................................................................................................................. 3
ECLIPSE Models: ................................................................................................................................. 3
Optimization of well Location in ODEHIMPES file: ................................................................................. 3
Case-1: (base case) ......................................................................................................................... 4
Case-2: ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Case-3: ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Optimum Layer for Injection Selection: ................................................................................................. 4
FGOR: .................................................................................................................................................. 4
FPR ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
FGPR ................................................................................................................................................... 5
FWCT................................................................................................................................................... 6
Remarks: ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Optimum Grid Block for Gas Injection: .................................................................................................. 6
Case-4: ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Case-5: ................................................................................................................................................ 7
Case-6: ................................................................................................................................................ 7
FGOR: .................................................................................................................................................. 7
FGPR: .................................................................................................................................................. 8
FOPR ................................................................................................................................................... 8
FPR: ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
FWCT: ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Results and Discussion: ........................................................................................................................ 10
Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Recommendations: .............................................................................................................................. 10
Water Injection:
In the oil industry, water flooding or water injection is where water is injected into the oil field,
usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production. Water injection wells can be found
both on- and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir.
Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir
and also to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir, and
push it towards a well. Normally only 30% of the oil in a
reservoir can be extracted, but water injection increases
that percentage (known as the recovery factor) and
maintains the production rate of a reservoir over a
longer period.
Water injection for secondary recovery has proved to be
one of the most economical methods for reservoir pressure management. The technology can be
valuable in helping maintain reservoir pressure, enhancing production of hydrocarbon reserves, and
reducing the environmental impact through reinjection of produced water.

Gas Injection
Gas injection is process of injecting natural gas (miscible and immiscible) or nitrogen (immiscible) to
the reservoir, to push the oil to a producing well. The purpose of immiscible natural gas (dry gas) and
nitrogen injection is to maintain pressure in the reservoir and create a gas cap.

Oil and water cannot be mixed into a homogeneous liquid, which in turn makes it less effective when
water is used to push the oil. However, if the injected gas is miscible with oil, it will become a
homogenous mixture, that will expand and allow the forces of injected lean gas to be used effectively,
moving oil more easily towards the well. This method needs a high reservoir pressure in order to work
effectively, as well as sources of economically cheap gas, normally lean gases (residual gas -methane
and ethane).

Sweep Efficiency
Sweep efficiency. A measure of the effectiveness of an enhanced oil recovery process that depends
on the volume of the reservoir contacted by the injected fluid. The volumetric sweep efficiency is an
overall result that depends on the injection pattern selected, off-pattern wells, fractures in the
reservoir, position of gas-oil and oil/water contacts, reservoir thickness, permeability and areal and
vertical heterogeneity, mobility ratio, density difference between the displacing and the displaced
fluid, and flow rate.
The volumetric sweep efficiency, Ev, is a measure of the three-dimensional effect of reservoir
heterogeneities. It is defined as the product of the pattern areal sweep and the vertical sweep as
shown in the following equation:

Where

EA = areal sweep efficiency,

Ad = area of displacement,

AR = area of reservoir,

∅ = porosity,

S = gas or oil saturation.

Reservoir Simulation:
Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict
the flow of fluids (typically, oil, water, and gas) through porous media.

ECLIPSE Models:
ECLIPSE is Schlumberger reservoir simulation software, ECLIPSE doesn't have one interface, instead
of this, there are solvers and software for preprocess and post-process. They can be launched with
ECLIPSE launcher or ECLIPSE OFFICE.
ECLIPSE simulator suite consists of two separate solvers:

 ECLIPSE 100 for black oil modeling with gas condensate options
 ECLIPSE 300 for compositional and thermal modeling

Optimization of well Location in ODEHIMPES file:

In current study the effect of well location and completion interval has been sensitized for best results
of oil production rate and other parameters. For the simplicity only six cases will be discussed here
and most optimized case will be selected for these six cases only. The parameters to be analyzed in
this study are field oil production rate, field gas production rate, field gas oil ratio, field pressure rate
and field water cut.

Following are the cases used for initial reservoir development:

Case-1: (base case)
Simple an injector well was used which aids by sweeping the oil from reservoir. The injection well was
completed in the first layer and effect of completion of well in first layer was observed in terms of
various output factors. Furthermore, all the associated coordinates are written in front of the well
 Producer (10 10 3)
 Injector (1 1 1)
Case-2:
Simple an injector well was introduced which aids by sweeping the oil from reservoir. The injection
well was completed in the second layer and effect of completion of well in second layer was observed
in terms of various output factors. Furthermore, all the associated coordinates are written in front of
the well
 Producer (10 10 3)
 Injector (1 1 2)
Case-3:
Simple an injector well was introduced which aids by sweeping the oil from reservoir. The injection
well was completed in the third layer and effect of completion of well in third layer was observed in
terms of various output factors. Furthermore, all the associated coordinates are written in front of
the well
 Producer (10 10 3)
 Injector (1 1 3)
For all the above stated cases, production well “Producer” was completed in the third layer
Optimum Layer for Injection Selection:
FGOR:
FPR

FGPR
FWCT

Remarks:
According to all the parameters analyzed, third layer is the best case for injection in terms of:

 High oil production rate

 Low gas production rate
 Low GOR, low pressure decline
 Low water cut

Although there isn’t the much difference but still injecting gas in the third layer is optimum among
these particular cases.

Optimum Grid Block for Gas Injection:

Case-4:
 Producer (10 10 3)
 Injector (2 2 3)
Case-5:
 Producer (10 10 3)
 Injector (3 3 3)

Case-6:
 Producer (10 10 3)
 Injector (4 4 3)

FGOR:
FGPR:

FOPR
FPR:

FWCT:
Results and Discussion:
It can be seen from all the cases presented above that among prescribed six cases only completion
interval of injector well is sensitive to productivity of the reservoir. The change in location of injector
well from grid (1 1) till grid (4 4) has no effect on any of the mentioned parameter. Field oil production
rate, field gas production rate, field GOR, field pressure rate and field water cut has exactly the same
trend irrespective of grid block when injector is completed in optimized (third) layer.

Conclusion:
From the above results it can be concluded that field productivity is sensitive to completion interval
of the injector well in two well system. The location of injector well has minimalistic effect on
productivity (no effect in our case).

Recommendations:
For absolute optimization of the injector well completion interval and location, a thorough reservoir
simulation is needed so that each grid block with all possible completion interval can be sensitized
against the productivity of the field that is beyond the scope of this document.