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    AC Sonometer

    Uploaded by

    kirti
    This document describes an experiment to use a sonometer to determine the frequency of AC mains. The sonometer consists of a stretched wire that will resonate at the same frequency as an electromagnet when their lengths are in a specific ratio defined by theory. By finding the resonant lengths that match tuning forks of known frequencies, the frequency of the electromagnet and AC mains can be calculated. The procedure involves adjusting the sonometer wire length until resonance is observed, then measuring and recording the lengths that match different tuning forks to find the mains frequency. Sources of experimental error are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    AC Sonometer

    Uploaded by

    kirti
    2K views2 pages
    This document describes an experiment to use a sonometer to determine the frequency of AC mains. The sonometer consists of a stretched wire that will resonate at the same frequency as an electromagnet when their lengths are in a specific ratio defined by theory. By finding the resonant lengths that match tuning forks of known frequencies, the frequency of the electromagnet and AC mains can be calculated. The procedure involves adjusting the sonometer wire length until resonance is observed, then measuring and recording the lengths that match different tuning forks to find the mains frequency. Sources of experimental error are also outlined.

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    6. AC Sonometer.docx

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    This document describes an experiment to use a sonometer to determine the frequency of AC mains. The sonometer consists of a stretched wire that will resonate at the same frequency as an electromagnet when their lengths are in a specific ratio defined by theory. By finding the resonant lengths that match tuning forks of known frequencies, the frequency of the electromagnet and AC mains can be calculated. The procedure involves adjusting the sonometer wire length until resonance is observed, then measuring and recording the lengths that match different tuning forks to find the mains frequency. Sources of experimental error are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views2 pages

    AC Sonometer

    Uploaded by

    kirti
    This document describes an experiment to use a sonometer to determine the frequency of AC mains. The sonometer consists of a stretched wire that will resonate at the same frequency as an electromagnet when their lengths are in a specific ratio defined by theory. By finding the resonant lengths that match tuning forks of known frequencies, the frequency of the electromagnet and AC mains can be calculated. The procedure involves adjusting the sonometer wire length until resonance is observed, then measuring and recording the lengths that match different tuning forks to find the mains frequency. Sources of experimental error are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    A.

    C SONOMETER
    Aim: To find the frequency of AC mains using sonometer.

    Apparatus Required: Sonometer table, set of eight tuning forks, ½ kg hanger, seven ½ kg slotted weights,
    clamp, stand, rubber pad, paper rider, meter scale.

    Theory:

    Let the alternating current have frequency so that the frequency of magnetization of the electromagnet v E
    becomes 2v.

    Let a loaded stretched soft iron wire have resonant length l , with electromagnet. Let a tuning fork of
    frequency v, have resonant length l2.

    Then, from law of length,

    vEl1=vTl2.
    𝒍𝟐
    vE= VT(𝒍𝟏)

    Hence, frequency of alternating current,


    𝟏 𝟏 𝒍𝟐
    v = 𝟐 𝒗𝑬 = 𝟐 𝒗𝑻 (𝒍𝟏)

    Which can be calculated.

    The natural frequency of oscillation for a stretched wire of length L and mass m and tension T is

    1 𝑇
    V=2𝐿 √µ

    𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚
    Here, µ=𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑙

    Circuit Diagram:

    Procedure:

    (i) Place the sonometer on table as shown.


    (ii) Test the pulley and make it frictionless by oiling.
    (iii) Put suitable maximum weights in hanger.
    (iv) Move wooden bridges P, P outward to include maximum length of wire (AB) between them.
    (v) Decrease the length of wire by moving both bridges equally inwardly.
    (vi) Go on decreasing the length till sonometer wire starts vibrating (a sound is heard).
    (vii) Adjust the length for maximum amplitude of vibration (Maximum sound)
    (viii) Measure the length of wire AB between edges of two bridges and record in length decreasing
    column.
    (ix) Bring the two bridges closer and then adjust the length for maximum amplitude by increasing
    it.
    (x) Measure the length and record it in length increasing column.
    (xi) Now take a tuning fork of minimum frequency and adjust wire length with a tuning fork.
    (xii) Repeat step (xi) with tuning forks of other known frequencies.
    (xiii) Record your observations.

    Observations and Calculation:

    1. Weight suspended to produce on wire, T=1.5 Kg


    2. TABLE FOR FREQUENCY AND LENGTH

    Resonant length of wire


    Frequency of
    electromagnet Frequency of
    S. No and tuning Length Length Mean = electromagnet
    forks used v decreasing (l’) increasing 𝐥’+𝐥’’
    ( 𝟐 )=l (cm) vE (Hz)
    (Hz) cm (l’’)
    Cm
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4
    5.

    Calculations:

    1) Mean of vE=______________
    𝑣𝐸
    2) Frequency of Alternating current, v= 2 = ____ Hz
    Difference
    3) % Error = Actual Value X 100

    Result:

    The frequency of alternating current = _____ Hz

    Percentage error:

    The actual frequency = ____ Hz

    Difference = _____ Hz
    𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
    % Error = 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑋 100= ______ %

    This error is within limits of experimental error.

    Precautions:

    (i) All precautions of sonometer should be observed.


    (ii) Wire should be of soft iron/ magnetic material.
    (iii) Tip of electromagnet should be close to wire in middle.
    (iv) Length should be noted when amplitude is maximum.

    Sources of error:

    (i) Wire not be of uniform cross section area.


    (ii) Pulley may not be frictionless.
    (iii) Weights may not be correct.
    (iv) Knife edges may not be sharp.
    (v) Main frequency may not be stable.

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