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Physics Project File

This document describes a physics investigatory project conducted by Meet Jain, a class 12 student, to construct a full wave bridge rectifier circuit. The project involved rectifying an alternating current into a direct current. The circuit diagram and materials used are listed. Observations of the circuit are noted but not described. Applications of full wave rectifiers include use in power supplies, radio signal detection, and welding. Merits include higher efficiency compared to half wave rectifiers, while a demerit is higher cost. The conclusion states that filtering is needed to produce a smooth direct current output.

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Meet Jain
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4K views

Physics Project File

This document describes a physics investigatory project conducted by Meet Jain, a class 12 student, to construct a full wave bridge rectifier circuit. The project involved rectifying an alternating current into a direct current. The circuit diagram and materials used are listed. Observations of the circuit are noted but not described. Applications of full wave rectifiers include use in power supplies, radio signal detection, and welding. Merits include higher efficiency compared to half wave rectifiers, while a demerit is higher cost. The conclusion states that filtering is needed to produce a smooth direct current output.

Uploaded by

Meet Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Year:2019-20

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Class: Xll ‘A’

Submitted By: Submitted To:


Meet Jain Mr.Dinesh Sanchora
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ma.Meet Jain, a
student of class 12th ‘A’ of Kendriya
Vidyalaya Mandsaur, session 2019-2020
has satisfactorily completed the required
physics project work as per the syllabus
of class 12th in the laboratory of the
school.

Date:
Teacher’s Sign: External’s Sign:

Principal’s Sign:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I select this project as a part of my
studies, titled ‘To construct a full
wave bridge rectifier and show
that Alternating Current is
rectified into a Direct Current’.
As a gratitude, I convey my sincere
thanks to our physics teacher
Mr.Dinesh Sanchora,our principal
Mr.Priyadarshan Garg and our lab
assistant Mr.Khemashankar who was
constant guide during the period of
study and without their help it would
not have been possible for us to
complete this project.
Meet Jain
(12th ‘A’)
CONTENTS:
1. Abstract
2. Objective
3. Theory
4. Material Required
5. Circuit Diagram
6. Procedure
7. Observation
8. Application
9. Merits
10. Demerits
11. Conclusion
12. References
Abstract
A Full wave rectifier is a circuit
arrangement which makes use of
both half cycles of input alternating
current (AC) and converts them to
direct current (DC). In our tutorial on
Half wave rectifiers, we have seen
that a half wave rectifier makes use
of only one-half cycle of the input
alternating current. Thus a full wave
rectifier is much more efficient
(double+) than a half wave rectifier.
This process of converting both half
cycles of the input supply (alternating
current) to direct current (DC) is
termed full wave rectification.
Full wave rectifier can be constructed
in 2 ways. The first method makes
use of a centre tapped transformer
and 2 diodes. This arrangement is
known as Center Tapped Full Wave
Rectifier.
The second method uses a normal
transformer with 4 diodes arranged as
a bridge. This arrangement is known
as a Bridge Rectifier.
Objective
To construct a full wave bridge
rectifier and show that that
Alternating Current is rectified into a
Direct Current.
Theory
The process of converting AC (which
periodically reverses direction)
current into DC (which flows only in
one direction) current is known as
Rectification.
The electrical device used to so is
known as Rectifier.
Rectifiers have many uses, but are
often found serving as components of
DC power supplies and high-voltage
direct current power transmission
systems. Rectification may serve in
roles other than to generate direct
current for use as a source of power.
The simple process of rectification
produces a type of DC characterized
by pulsating voltages and currents
(although still unidirectional).
Depending upon the type of end-use,
this type of DC current may then be
further modified into the type of
relatively constant voltage DC
characteristically produced by such
sources as batteries and solar cells.
A diode bridge is an arrangement of
four (or more) diodes in a bridge
circuit configuration that provides the
same polarity of output for either
polarity of input. When used in its
most common application, for
conversion of an alternating current
(AC) input into a direct current (DC)
output, it is known as a bridge
rectifier. A bridge rectifier provides
full-wave rectification from a two-wire
AC input, resulting in lower cost and
weight as compared to a rectifier with
a 3-wire input from a transformer
with a center-tapped secondary
winding.
Materials Required:
1. Connecting wires

2. Step-down transformer

3. Diodes (4)

4. Capacitor (1)

5. LED (1)
Circuit Diagram
Procedure
Initially when the A.C. is supplied to
the transformer, it steps down the
220V main supply to 6 volts. It has a
capability of delivering a current of
500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing
across the secondary coil is the RMS
value and the peak value is 8.4 volts.
During the Ist half cycle of the A.C.
input Diode D1 is forward biased and
a current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the
direction ABCDEFGHIJKLM. During
this time diodes D2 and D3 are
reverse biased. So they do not
conduct any electric current.
During the next half cycle the diode
D2 is forward and D1 is reversed.
Hence D2 conducts current in the
direction MLKJCDEFGHIA and D1 does
not conduct any current.
In subsequent half cycles of the A.C
current the above processes are
repeated. In both the half cycles it is
clear that current flows through LED
in only one direction.
Even though the voltage across LED is
unidirectional it will still contain a few
A.C components. This is filtered and
made smooth using a capacitor, which
filters 99% of the A.C current.
Capacitor nearly filters all A.C
components from the supply. But
there will be slight factor of A.C.
current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current
and voltage light up the LED.
Observations
Applications
1. Because of their low cost
compared to center tapped they
are widely used in power supply
circuit.

2. This can be used to detect the


amplitude of modulated radio
signal.

3. Bridge rectifiers can be used to


supply polarized voltage in
welding.

4. In daily life, rectifier find use in


mobile chargers.
Merits
1. The rectification efficiency of
full-wave rectifier is double of that
of a half-wave rectifier.

2. The ripple voltage is low and of


higher frequency in case of a full-
wave rectifier so simple filtering
circuit is required.

3. Higher output voltage higher


output power and higher TUF in
case of a full-wave rectifier.

4. In a full-wave rectifier, there is


no problem due to DC saturation of
the core because the DC currents
in the two halves of the
transformer secondary flow in
opposite directions.
Demerits
Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit
elements and is costlier.
Conclusion
The output voltage of the full wave
rectifier is not constant, it is always
pulsating. But this cannot be used in
real life applications. In other words,
we desire a DC power supply with a
constant output voltage. In order to
achieve a smooth and constant
voltage a filter with a capacitor or an
inductor is used.
References
 Physics – Textbook for class XII

(NCERT)

 Laboratory Manual of Physics

 www.google.in

 www.wikipedia.org

 www.youtube.com

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