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Physics Project

The document describes a physics project on constructing a full wave bridge rectifier to convert alternating current into direct current. It includes the aim, materials, circuit diagram, working principle, advantages and applications of the bridge rectifier. The project report was submitted by Aindrela Das, a 12th grade student, as part of their physics evaluation.

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Animesh Kha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Physics Project

The document describes a physics project on constructing a full wave bridge rectifier to convert alternating current into direct current. It includes the aim, materials, circuit diagram, working principle, advantages and applications of the bridge rectifier. The project report was submitted by Aindrela Das, a 12th grade student, as part of their physics evaluation.

Uploaded by

Animesh Kha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

PHYSICS

PROJECT REPORT
ON
Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier
SUBMITTED BY:
AINDRELA DAS
XII-SCIENCE

SCHOOL ROLL NO.: ............


BOARD ROLL NO.: ..............

AISSCE – 2020
M.D.B. D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL

INDEX
1. AIM
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. CERTIFICATE
4. THEORY
5. MATERIALS REQUIRED
6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
7. WORKING
8. CONCLUSION
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM

TO CONSTRUCT A FULL WAVE


BRIDGE RECTIFIER AND SHOW
THAT ALTERNATING CURRENT IS
RECTIFIED INTO DIRECT CURRENT.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project could have never been possible
without the support of various sources. It is
extremely impossible to thank every individual
who has helped me in completing this project.
Some people have helped in the basic
formularization and there were sources that helped
me in giving the ideas a physical form/shape. I am
extremely grateful to our subject teacher, Mr.
Biplab Goswami, for his invaluable guidance in
the project right from the beginning. His vital
support helped the project to take a logical and
suitable shape. I take this opportunity to thank the
School authorities, for extending their full support
and cooperation in the project. Last but not the
least; I would like to thank my friends who offered
me a helping hand whenever it was required.

Aindrela Das
XII-Science
Roll No. : ............................
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Aindrela Das (Roll


No. : ……..…….....), student of Class
XII, M.D.B. D.A.V. Public School has
completed the project titled. “Full Wave
Bridge Rectifier” during the academic
year 2019-20 towards partial fulfilment of
credit for the Physics Project evaluation
of AISSCE 2020, and submitted working
model and satisfactory report , as compiled in
the following pages, under my supervision.

(Teacher’s Signature)
THEORY
The process of converting AC (which periodically
reverses direction) current into DC (which flows only
in one direction) current is known as Rectification.

The electrical device used to so is known as Rectifier.

Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving


as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage
direct current power transmission systems.
Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate
direct current for use as a source of power.

The simple process of rectification produces a type of


DC characterized by pulsating voltages and currents
(although still unidirectional). Depending upon the type
of end-use, this type of DC current may then be further
modified into the type of relatively constant voltage DC
characteristically produced by such sources as batteries
and solar cells.

A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more)


diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that provides
the same polarity of output for either polarity of input.
When used in its most common application, for
conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into a
direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge
rectifier. A bridge rectifier provides full-wave
rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting in
lower cost and weight as compared to a rectifier with a
3-wire input from a transformer with a centre-tapped
secondary winding.

Most electronic devices cannot withstand very


high voltage or alternating current due to its
intense high power. The use of batteries in all
devices is not practical as their replacement and
durability is a huge problem as the device has to be
dismantled each time for such a replacement. So
these rectifiers are used in most of the electronic
devices like Televisions, Radios, Chargers, and
Lightings etc.
MATERIALS REQUIRED

➢ 4 Rectifier Diodes
➢ 220 V Transformer
➢ Printed Circuit Board
➢ 220 Ω ± 5% Resistor (Load)
➢ Copper Connecting Wires
➢ Jumper Connectors
➢ LED Bulb
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
Full wave bridge rectifier is formed by connecting
four diodes together in such a way that their arms
form a bridge, hence the name bridge rectifier. In
bridge rectifier, voltage can be applied to the diode
bridge through a transformer or directly through
the AC signal without the transformer.
Here we are using 12-0-12 centre tapped
transformer for providing AC voltage to Bridge
Rectifier circuit.

During the positive half cycle diodes D3-D2 get


forward biased and acts like a closed switch.
Diodes D1-D4 and gets reversed biased and do
not conduct thus acts like open switch. Thus we
get positive half cycle at the output.
During the negative half cycle diodes D1-D4 get
forward biased and acts like a closed switch.
Diodes D3-D2 gets reversed biased and do not
conduct thus acts like open switch. Thus we get
positive half cycle at the output.

Below wave form is showing the input and output


waveform for Bridge Rectifier Circuit. We can see
that the negative part of AC voltage in converted
into positive cycle after going through Bridge
rectifier circuit.
The output direct current and voltage
light up the LED bulb.
Applications
Because of their low cost compared to
centre tapped they are widely used in
power supply circuit.
This can be used to detect the amplitude
of modulated radio signal.
Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply
polarized voltage in welding.
In daily life, rectifiers find use in mobile
chargers.
Merits
The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier is
double of that of a half-wave rectifier.
The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in
case of a full-wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is
required.
Higher output voltage higher output power and higher
TUF in case of a full-wave rectifier.
In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC
saturation of the core because the DC currents in the
two halves of the transformer secondary flow in
opposite directions.

Demerits

Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit


elements and is costlier.
Conclusion
The output voltage of the full wave
rectifier is not constant, it is always
pulsating. But this cannot be used in real
life applications. In other words, we desire
a DC power supply with a constant output
voltage. In order to achieve a smooth and
constant voltage a filter with a capacitor
or an inductor is used.
Bibliography
Physics – Textbook for Class XII (NCERT)
Laboratory Manual of Physics
Encyclopedias

Websites
www.google.co.in
www.wikipedia.org
www.youtube.com

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