Phy Project File

GREENLAND PUBLIC SCHOOL
SESSION 2022-2023
PHYSICS PROJECT FILE

(FULL WAVE RECTIFIER)
NAME : ASHWIN YADAV

CLASS : 12TH PCM
ROLL NO. : 23712023
INDEX
1. AIM
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. CERTIFICATE
4. INTRODUCTION
5. MATERIALS REQUIRED
6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
7. WORKING
8. BIBLOGRAPHY
AIM
“To construct a full wave rectifier

and show that Alternating Current
is rectified into a Direct Current”
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project could have never been possible without
the support of various sources. It is extremely
impossible to thank every individual who has
helped me in completing this project. Some people
have helped in the basic formularization and there
were sources that helped me in giving the ideas a
physical form/shape. I am extremely grateful to my
mentor,
MR. DURGESH KUMAR SINGH for his invaluable
guidance in the project right from the beginning. His
vital support helped the project to take a logical and
suitable shape. I take this opportunity to thank the
school authorities, for extending their full support and
cooperation in the project. Last but not the least; I would
like to thank everyone who has offered a helping hand
when required.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ASHWIN YADAV
(Roll_No: 23712023) student of Class XII,
GREENLAND PUBLIC SCHOOL, LUCKNOW has
completed the project titled. “Full Wave
Rectifier” during the academic year 2022-
2023 towards partial fulfilment of credit for
the Physics Project evaluation of AISSCE, and
submitted working model and satisfactory
report, as compiled in the following pages.
………………… ……………….
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
EXAMINER EXAMINER
INTRODUCTION
A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all
the alternating current components in supply and make it
purely a direct current. The two alternating halves of an
alternation current are rectified in a full wave rectifier which
is an advantage over a half wave rectifier. Most electronic
devices cannot withstand very high voltage or alternating
current due to its intense high power. The use of batteries in
all devices is not practical as their replacement and durability
is a huge problem as the device has to be dismantled each
time for such a replacement. So these rectifiers are used
in most of the electronic devices like TV’s, Radios,
Chargers, and Lightings etc.
Materials required
1. Connecting wires
2. A plug
3. Single lead wire - 2m
4. Circuit board
5. A Transformer
6. A capacitor
7. A Resistor
8. P-N junction diodes
9. A LED
Theory
The process of converting AC (which periodically
reverses direction) current into DC (which flows only in
one direction) current is known as Rectification. The
electrical device used to so is known as Rectifier.
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving
as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage
direct current power transmission systems. Rectification
may serve in roles other than to generate direct current
for use as a source of power. The simple process of
rectification produces a type of DC characterized by
pulsating voltages and currents (although still
unidirectional). Depending upon the type of end-use,
this type of DC current may then be further modified
into the type of relatively constant voltage DC
characteristically produced by such sources as batteries
and solar cells. A diode bridge is an arrangement of
four (or more) diodes in a bridge circuit configuration
that provides the same polarity of output for either
polarity of input. When used in its most common
application, for conversion of an alternating current
(AC) input into a direct current (DC) output, il is known
as a bridge rectifier. A bridge rectifier provides full-
wave rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting
in lower cost and weight as compared to a rectifier with
a 3-wire input from a transformer with a center-lapped
secondary winding.
Circuit Diagram
Connection Details:
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C.
supply is given to both the input wires of the
transformer and the two ends of the secondary coil is
given to the P side of the two diodes and the N side
of the diodes are twined and then connected to one
end of the capacitor and the other end to the centre tap
lead and to the resistor. Further, the other end of
capacitor with the diode connect ion is connected to
the other end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both
the ends of the resistor to measure the output and this
is connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of the bulb.
Working
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the
transformer, it steps down the 230V main
supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of
delivering a current of 500mA. The 6
volts A.C. appearing across the
secondary is the RMS value and the peak
value is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half
cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1 is
forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows in
the circuit in the direction S 1D1
ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is
reverse biased. So, it does not conduct
any electric current. During the next half
cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is
reversed. Hence D2 conducts current in
the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1 does
not conduct any current. In subsequent
half cycles of the A.C current the above
processes are repeated. In both the half
cycles it is clear that current flows
through the resistor in only one direction
ABE. Even though the voltage across RL
is unidirectional it will still contain a few
A.C components. This is filtered and
made smooth using a capacitor, which
filters 99% of the A.C current. A resistor
is then used to adjust the output voltage.
Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C
components from the supply and
resistance is adjusted for the required
output. As this is a simple circuit, only
one capacitor and a resistance are being
used. But there will be slight factor of
A.C. current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current and
voltage light up the LED.
APPLICATIONS
 Because of their low cost compared to
center tapped they are widely used in
power supply circuit. |
 This can be used to detect the
amplitude of modulated radio signal.
 Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply
polarized voltage in welding.
 daily life, rectifier find use in mobile
chargers .
MERITS/DEMERITS
Merits:-
 The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier is
double of that of a half-wave rectifier.>
 The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency
in case of a full-wave rectifier so simple filtering
circuit is required.
 Higher output voltage higher output power and
higher TUF in case of a full-wave rectifier.
 In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due to
DC saturation of the core because the DC currents
in the two halves of the transformer secondary
flow in opposite directions.
Demerits:-
 Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit elements
and is costlier.
WORKING PRINCIPAL
It works on the principle that a junction diode offers

low resistance during forward bias and high resistance,
when reversed biased. Here, two junction diodes are
connected in such a manner that if one half cycle of
a.c. input is forward biased, the other gets reversed
biased but when the next opposite half cycle comes,
the first diode gets reverse biased and the second
forward biased. Thus, output is obtained during both
the half cycle of the a.c. input.
PRECAUTIONS
 Keep yourself safe from high voltage
 Solder the wire safely
 While soldering, do not touch the soldering
tip
 Solder under adult supervision
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Physics – Textbook for XII
(NCERT)
 Modern’s ABC of Physics
 Encyclopedia

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GREENLAND PUBLIC SCHOOL

PHYSICS PROJECT FILE

NAME : ASHWIN YADAV

“To construct a full wave rectifier

It works on the principle that a junction diode offers

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