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79 views

Full Project

Uploaded by

anshuman18530
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that NAITIK SINGH of class XII-A2 has


successfully completed his PHYSICS PROJECT titled ‘FULL
WAVE RECTIFIER’ under the supervision and guidance of
MRS. KAVITA VAJPAYEE for the academic year 2024-25. The
certified student has been dedicated throughout his
research and completed his work before the given
deadline without missing any important details from the
project.
It is also certified that the project is the individual work of
the student and can be submitted for evaluation.

EXAMINER’S SIGNATURE TEACHER’S SIGNATURE


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my Physics teacher MRS. KAVITA


VAJPAYEE for giving the extraordinary idea about this
project on the topic ‘FULL WAVE RECTIFIER’ and guiding this
project until finish line. I would also like to express my
thanks to the principal MRS. UMA PANDEY for inspiring us
on the project and encouraging us.
My thanks should not stop alone with teacher. My parents
and friends also played a big role in it. I see this project as
a result of hard work from us and innovation from my
teacher. So, thanks to all of them who put their hands in it
and made it successful.

STUDENT’S NAME - NAITIK SINGH


INDEX

 Introduction
 Aim
 Materials required
 Circuit diagram
 Working
 Graphs
 Application
 Merits and Demerits
 Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
A Rectifier is a nothing but a simple diode or group of diode
which converts the Alternating current(AC) into direct
current(DC).
We know that a diode allows electric current in one
direction and blocks electric current in another direction.
We are using this principal to construct various types of
rectifiers.
Rectifiers are classified into different types based on
number of diodes used in the circuit or arrangement of
diodes in the circuit. The basic types of rectifiers are Half
wave rectifier and Full wave rectifier.
A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all
the alternating current components in an alternating
supply and make it purely a direct current. The two
alternating halves of an alternation current are rectified
in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over a half
wave rectifier.
AIM

To consTrucT a Full Wave


recTiFier and shoW ThaT The
alTernaTing currenT (ac) is
recTiFied inTo direcT
currenT (dc).
MATERIALS REQUIRED
 Connecting wires
 A plug
 Single lead wire-2m
 3 nuts and bolts-2 to 3cm length
 Circuit board
 A transformer
 A capacitor
 A resistor-1kΩ
 p-n junction diodes
 A LED
 Insulation tape, blades
 Soldering wax, soldering lead, soldering iron
 Sand paper
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CONNECTION DETAILS:
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is
given to both the input wires of the transformer and the
two ends of the secondary coil is given to the P side of the
two diodes and he N side of the diodes are twined and then
connected to one end of the capacitor and the other end to
the centre tap lead and to the resistor. Further, the other
end of capacitor with the diode connect is connected to the
other end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends
of the resistor to measure the output and this is connected
to the positive & negative terminals of the bulb.
WORKING
First when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps
down the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of
delivering a current of 0.5A. THE 6 volts A.C. appearing
across the secondary is the RMS value and the peak value
is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input diode
D1 is forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in
the direction S1D1 ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is
reverse biased. So, it does not conduct any electric
current. During the next half cycle, the diode D2 is forward
and D1 is reversed. Hence, D2 conducts current in the
direction S2D2 ABEOS2 and D1 does not conduct any
current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C. current the
above processes are repeated.
In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows
through the resistor in only one direction ABE. Even
thought the voltage across RL is unidirectional it will still
contain a few A.C. components. This is filtered and made
smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C.
current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output
voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C. components
from the supply and resistance is adjusted for the required
output. As this is simple circuit, only one capacitor and a
resistance are being used. But there will be slight factor of
A.C. current still left in the output but it is negligible. The
output direct current and voltage light up the LED.
GRAPHS
APPLICATION
I. Because of their low cost compared to centre tapped,
they are widely used in power supply circuit.
II. This can be used to detect the amplitude of modulated
radio signals.
III. Bridge rectifier can be used to simplify polarized
voltage in welding.
IV. In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.
V. These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic
devices like TV’s, radios, chargers and lightings.
MERITS AND
DEMERITS
MERITS:
 The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is
double that of half wave rectifier.
 The repel voltage is low and of higher frequency in
case of full wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is
required.
 Higher output voltage, higher output power and higher
TUF in case of full wave rectifier.
 In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC
saturation of core because the DC currents in the two
half wave of transformer secondary flows in opposite
direction.
DEMERITS:
 Full wave rectifier needs more circuit element and is
costlier.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Wikipedia.com
 Google search engine
 Knowledgecycle.in
 Physics NCERT book-class XII

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