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physics-project-full-wave-rectifier

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54 views

physics-project-full-wave-rectifier

pedn

Uploaded by

sarojmaurya141
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

TINSUKIA ENGLISH ACADEMY

MANAV KALYAN, TINSUKIA-786125

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
TOPIC: Working model on Full wave rectifier.

Submitted by: RAHUL MAURYA


Guided by: VASTAV KHANIKAR SIR
Roll no:
Registration no:
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my


physics teacher VASTAV KHANIKAR , for his vital
support, guidance and encouragement
throughout the year.

I am grateful to my parents whose blessings and


wishes have gone a long way in the completion
of this arduous task.

I thank my friends and batch mates, without their


prompt support my efforts would have been in vain.

THANK YOU ALL!!

Rahul Maurya
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Rahul Maurya of class XII (science)


has completed her project under my supervision. He has
taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in completion
of this project.

I certify this project is up to my expectation and as per


guidelines issued by the CBSE in partial fulfillment of physics
project work.

Internal Examiner’s Signature……………………

External Examiner’s Signature…………………..

Subject Teacher’s Signature……………………..


INDEX

Content
pg.no

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2. CERTIFICATE

3. TOPIC

4. AIM

5. INTRODUCTION

6. MATERIALS REQUIRED

7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

8. WORKING

9. FORMULA

10. APPLICATION

11. MERITS AND DEMERITS

12. CONCLUSION

13. BIBLOGRAPHY
14. TEACHER’S REMARK
TOPIC

Investigatory project on Full wave rectifier


AIM

To construct a full wave rectifier and show


that that Alternating Current is rectified into
a Direct Currennt.
INTRODUCTION

A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to


rectify all the alternating current components in an
alternating supply and make it purely a direct
current. The two alternating halves of an
alternation current are rectified in a full wave
rectifier which is an advantage over a half wave
rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot withstand
very high voltage or alternating current due to its
intense high power. The use of batteries in all
devices is not practical as their replacement and
durability is a huge problem as the device has to
be dismantled each time for such a replacement.
So these rectifiers are used in most of the
electronic devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers,
and Lightings etc.
MATERIAL REQUIRED

1. Connecting wires

2. A Plug

3. Single lead wire - 2m

4. 3 Nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length

5. A Circuit board

6. A Transformer

7. A Capacitor

8. A Resistor (1 K Ω)

9. P-N junction diodes

10. An LED

11. Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax,


soldering lead, soldering iron & sand paper.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Connection details
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C.
supply is given to both the input wires of the
transformer and the two ends of the secondary
coil is given to the P side of the two diodes and the
N side of the diodes are twined and then
connected to one en d of the capacitor and the
other end to the centre tap lead and to the resistor.
Further, the other end of capacitor with the diode
connect ion is connected to the other end of the
resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of the
resistor to measure the outputand this is
connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of the bulb.
WORKING

1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it


steps down the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has
a capability of delivering a current of 500mA. The
6 volts A.C. appearing across the secondary is
the RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts.
During the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1
is forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows in the
circuit in the direction S1D1 ABEOS1. During this
time diode D2 is reverse biased. So it does not
conduct any electric current. During the next half
cycle the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed.
Hence D2 conducts current in the direction
S2D2ABEOS2 and D1 does not conduct any
current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C
current the above processes are repeated. In
both the half cycles it is clear that current flows
through the resistor in only one direction ABE.
Even though the voltage across RL is
unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C
components. This is filtered and made smooth
using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C
current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output
voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C
components from the supply and resistance is
adjusted for the required output. As this is a
simple circuit, only one capacitor and a
resistance are being used. But there will be
slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output
but it
is negligible. The output Direct Current
and voltage light up the L.
MODEL PICTURE
FORMULA
GRAPH
APPLICATION

1. Because of their low cost compared to centre tapped,


they are widely used in power supply circuit.

2. This can be used to detect the amplitude to


modulated radio signal.

3. Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized


voltage in welding.

4. In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile charges.

5. These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic


devices like TV, Radios, Chargers, and Lighting etc.
MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits:

 The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is double of that


of a half wave rectifier.

 The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency in case of a


full wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is required.

 Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in


case of a full wave rectifier.

 In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC


saturation of the core because the DC currents in the two
halves of the transformer secondary flow in opposite
directions.

Demerits:
Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and its costlie
CONCLUSION

In this project, we explored the design and functionality of a full


wave rectifier, a crucial component in converting alternating current
(AC) to direct current (DC). By utilizing two diodes in a bridge
configuration, we were able to achieve a continuous DC output from
the AC input, maximizing the efficiency of the rectification process.

The key findings include:

 Efficiency: The full wave rectifier efficiently converts the entire


input waveform, resulting in a higher average output voltage
compared to a half wave rectifier.
 Ripple Factor: The ripple factor is significantly lower in a full
wave rectifier, ensuring a smoother DC output which is
essential for sensitive electronic devices.
 Transformer Utilization: The use of a center-tapped
transformer enhances the effectiveness and reliability of the
rectification process.

Overall, this project demonstrates the practical application of


theoretical principles in electrical engineering, highlighting the
importance of full wave rectifiers in power supplies and various
electronic circuits. Through hands-on experimentation and analysis,
we gained a deeper understanding of the behavior and advantages
of full wave rectifiers in real-world scenarios.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Physics-Textbook for Class XII ; NCERT

 Modern’s abc of PHYSICS

 Encyclopaedias

Websites:
 www.google.com

 www.wikipedia.org

 www.ncert.nic.in
TEACHER’S
REMARK

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