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COM PDF

Uploaded by

mukeshdhn7400
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDEX

 INTRODUCTION
 AIM
 MATERIALS REQUIRED
 PROCEDURE
 WORKING
 OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION
 PRECAUTIONS
 USES
 BIBLOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE
INTRODUCTION

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which


periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction.
The process is known as rectification. Rectification produces a type of DC that
encompasses active voltages and currents, which are then adjusted into a type of
constant voltage DC, although this varies depending on the current's end-use. The
current is allowed to flow uninterrupted in one direction, and no current is allowed to
flow in the opposite direction.

Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum tube diodes,


mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes,
silicon- controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches.
Rectifier circuits may be single-phase or multi-phase. Most low power
rectifiers for domestic equipment are single-phase, but three-phase rectification is
very important for industrial applications and for the transmission of energy as
DC.
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit

The full wave rectifier circuit consists of


two power diodes connected to a single load resistance (RL) with
each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load. When
point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point C, diode
D1 conducts in the forward direction as indicated by the arrows.

When point B is positive (in the negative half of the cycle) with
respect to point C, diode D2 conducts in the forward direction and
the current flowing through resistor R is in the same direction
for both half-cycles.
As the output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the
two waveforms combined, this type of full wave rectifier circuit is
also known as a “bi-phase”
circuit.
As the spaces between each half-wave developed by each diode is now
being filled in by the other diode the average DC output voltage
across the load resistor is now double that of the single half-wave
rectifier circuit
.

Disadvantages

1. For a bridge, three additional POWER components


to fail, uses four rather than one diode.

2. For center tapped plus two rectifier FW circuit,


requires CT transformer, and one additional POWER
diode to reduce reliability.

3. Any diode going short-circuited, places remaining


diodes across the circuit AC supply, leading to very
high damaging current which MUST be protected against.
AIM

To construct a Full Wave Bridge rectifier and show that the (AC)
alternating current is rectified into a direct current (DC).
MATERIALS REQUIRED

1. Connecting Wires
2. A plug
3. Single Lead Wire- 2m
4. Three Nuts & Bolts 2-3cm length
5. Circuit Board
6. A Transformer (12V)
7. A Resistor
8. P-N Junction Diodes (4nos)
9. A LED

10. Insulation Tape, Blades, Soldering Wax, Soldering


Lead, Soldering Iron & Sand Paper
PROCEDURE

Take the transformer and attach it to one end of the circuit


board. Attach the plug with the wire of desired length and
connect it to the transformer AC In. now, take four diodes and
connect the 4 diodes into a loop. Connect the anode of diode D1
to the anode of D2.
Connect the cathode of D2 to anode of D3.connect the cathode of
D3 to anode of D4 and connect the anode of D4 to cathode of D1.
The output of transformers should be connected to A and C. Now,
take two capacitor and connect its –ve terminal to –ve and +ve
terminal to +ve. And connect both the capacitors to B and D.
Connect a resistor and a LED to the capacitor. Attach wire from
the capacitor and connect it to the output device
WORKING

When the AC is supplied to the transformer, it step down the


240V main supply to 12V. It has a capability of delivering
700mA. The 12 volts AC appearing across the secondary is the
RMS value. The four diodes
labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with only two
diodes conducting current during each half cycle. The four
diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with
only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle.
During the positive
half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in
series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current
flows through the load as shown below.

The Positive Half-cycle


During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4
conduct
in series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they
are now reverse biased. The current flowing through the load is the
same direction as before.

The Negative Half-cycle

In subsequent Half cycles of the AC Current the above process are


repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows
through the resistor in only one direction. Even though the
voltage across load is unidirectional it will still contains a few
AC components. This is filtered and made smooth using a
capacitor, which filters 99% of the AC current. A resistor is then
used to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters
all AC components from supply and resistance is adjusted for the
required output. As this is a simple circuit, two capacitors and one
resistor are being used. The output Direct Current and voltage
light up the LED and other source connected with it
.

OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION

On connecting a voltmeter to the output of bridge circuit 12V


current is coming.
Precautions

1. Keep safe yourself from high voltage.


2. Solder the wire safely.
3. While soldering don’t touch the
soldering tip.
4. Solder under adult supervision.
USES
Most electronic device cannot withstand very high voltage or
alternating current due to its intense high power. The use of
batteries in all devices is not practical as their replacement and
durability is a huge problem as the devise has to be dismantled
each time for such replacement. So these rectifiers are used in
most of the electronic devices like TV‟s, Radios, Chargers and
Lightings etc.
The common uses of rectifiers are to supply polarized voltage for
welding, detection of amplitude modulated radio signals.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. HELP FROM TEACHERS 2. HELP FROM INTERNET

3. NCERT TEXTBOOK

WEBSITES

 www.google.co.in

 www.wikipedia.com

 www.scribd.com

 www.yahoo.com

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