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Appupdf

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Adarsh Krishna
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16 views

Appupdf

Uploaded by

Adarsh Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
AIM
THEORY
MATERIALS REQUIRED
PROCEDURE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
WORKING
OBSERVATION AND RESULT
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating


current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is
known as rectification. Rectification produces a type of DC
that encompasses active voltages and currents, which are then
adjusted into a type of constant voltage DC, although this
varies depending on the current's end-use. The current is
allowed to flow uninterrupted in one direction, and no current
is allowed to flow in the opposite direction.
Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including
vacuum tube diodes, mercury-are valves, copper and selenium
oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled
rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches.
Rectifier circuits may be single-phase or multi-phase. Most
low power rectifiers for domestic equipment are single-phase,
but three-phase rectification is very important for industrial
applications and for the transmission of energy as DC.
AIM

To construct a Full Wave Bridge rectifier and show that the (AC)
alternating current is rectified into a
direct current (DC).
The aim is to -
1. Understand Rectification.
2. Explain center tapped full wave rectification.
3. Explain Bridge Full Wave Rectification.
THEORY

In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of the


AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only
one half of the input waveform reaches the output, it is very
inefficient if used for power transfer. A full-wave rectifier is exactly
the same as the half-wave, but allows unidirectional current
through the load during the entire sinusoidal cycle (as opposed to
only half the cycle in the half-wave).
A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one
of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Let us see
our half wave rectifier example and deduce the circuit. So, we have
seen that this rectifier circuit consists of two sources which have a
phase difference along with two diodes. When Vl is positive, V2 is
negative. Hence the top diode will be a short and the bottom diode
will be an open. On the other hand, when Vsl is negative, Vs2 is
positive. Hence the bottom diode will be on and the top diode will
be an open circuit.A full-wave rectifier can be constructed using
Center-Tapped transformer - which give us two shifted sinusoids so
that exactly one of the waveforms is positive at one time and two
diodes. As compared to the half wave rectifier we use two diodes
instead of one, one of the two diodes remains in conduction in both
of the half cycles. At any point in time, only one of the diodes is
forward biased. This allows for continuous conduction through
load.
MATERIALS REQUIRED

- Connecting Wires
- A plug
- Single Lead Wire- 2m
- Three Nuts & Bolts 2-3cm length
- Circuit Board
- A Transformer (12V)
- A Resistor
- P-N Junction Diodes (4nos)
- A LED
- Insulation Tape, Blades, Soldering Wax, Soldering
- Lead, Soldering Iron & Sand Paper.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE

Take the transformer and attach it to one end of the circuit board.
Attach the plug with the wire of desired length and connect it to the
transformer AC In. Now, take four diodes and connect the 4 diodes
into a loop. Connect the anode of diode DI to the anode of
D2.Connect the cathode of D2 to anode of D3.connect the cathode
of D3 to anode of D4 and connect the anode of D4 to cathode of D1.
The output of transformers should be connected to A and C. Now,
take two capacitor and connect its —ve terminal to -ve and +ve
terminal to +ve. And connect both the capacitors to B and D.
Connect a resistor and a LED to the capacitor. Attach wire from the
capacitors and connect it to the output device.
WORKING
When the AC is supplied to the transformer, it step down the 240V
main supply to 12V. It has a capability of delivering 700mA. The 12
volts AC appearing across the secondary is the RMS value. The four
diodes labelled Di to Du are arranged in "series pairs" with only two
diodes conducting current during each half cycle. The four diodes
labelled D, to Du are arranged in "series pairs" with only two diodes
conducting current during each half cycle. During the positive half
cycle of the supply, diodes Di and D2 conduct in series while diodes
D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load
as shown below.
During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4
conduct in series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch "OFF" as they are
now reverse biased. The current flowing through the load is the
same direction as before.

In subsequent Half cycles of the AC Current the above process are


repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows
through the resistor in only one direction. Even though the voltage
across load is unidirectional it will still contains a few AC
components. This is filtered and made smooth using a capacitor,
which filters 99% of the AC current. A resistor is then used to adjust
the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all AC components
from supply and resistance is adjusted for the required output. As
this is a simple circuit, two capacitors and one resistor are being
used. The output Direct Current and voltage light up the LED and
other source connected with It.
OBSERVATION AND RESULT
CONCLUSION

Rectifiers are found in all power supplies that operate from an ac


voltage source. Also the rectifier is used as a power supply unit. The
rectifier converts the ac input voltage to a pulsating de voltage. The
filter eliminates the fluctuations in the rectified voltage and
produces a relatively smooth de voltage. The regulator is a circuit
that maintains a constant de voltage for variations in the input line
voltage or in the load.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Physics lab manual
• Wikipedia
• www.google.com
• www.olabs.edu.in

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