Assignment 1 Air Pollution
Assignment 1 Air Pollution
where,
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
x, y, z = location of receptor
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
Plume rise is caused primarily by buoyancy and momentum of exhaust gas and
stability of atmosphere
Buoyancy results when exhaust gases are warmer than the ambient and/or when
the molecular weight of the exhaust is lower than that of air
Momentum is caused by the mass and velocity of the gases as they leave the
stack
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
(iii) Plume rise estimation – Different techniques have been proposed for
estimation of plume rise. The USEPA recommends the following model.
2 Ta
F = gr
vs 1− s
T
Where, F = buoyancy flux parameter (m4/s3)
1.6F1/ 3 x2f / 3
h =
u
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
z = plume ht
z0 = instrument ht (usually 10 m)
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
These are standard deviations. Can be obtained from plots of y and z versus
distance downwind for different stability conditions.
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
y = a. x0.894
and z = c. xd + f
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
The ground level concentrations directly downwind are of great interest, since
pollution will be the highest along this axis.
Let us examine :
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
The plume rise is itself a function of stability class, thus less stable atmosphere have
higher effective stack height, producing somewhat lower ground concentrations
than shown in the above figure.
Q Cu
C max = u Q
max
If stability class and H are known, then one can estimate - (i) distance of peak and
(Cu/Q) max from the chart. Then using the above equation, Cmax can be estimated.
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
where,
QL = source emission rate per unit length of road (g/sec-m)
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
Q1
power plant consumes 250 tons of coal (containing 1% sulfur)
each day. Assuming 10% of this sulfur is emitted as SO2, estimate
the emission rate of SO2 in g/sec from the power plant.
Q2
Q3
A power plant has a 100 m stack with inside radius of 1m. The
exhaust gases leave the stack with an exhaust velocity of 10m/s
at a temperature of 220C. Ambient temperature is 6C. Wind
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
Q4
A 750 MW coal fired power plant has a 250 m stack with inside
radius of 4 m. The exit velocity of the stack gases is estimated at
15m/s, at a temperature of 140°C (413K). Ambient temperature
is 25°C (298K) and wind at stack height is estimated to be 5 m/s.
Estimate the effective height of the stack if –
(a) the atmosphere is stable with temperature increasing at the
rate of 2°C/km
(b) the atmosphere is slightly unstable, class C.
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
Q5
A stack emitting 80 g/s of NO2 has an effective stack height of
100m. The wind speed is 4m/s at 10m, and it is a clear summer
day with the sun nearly overhead. Estimate the ground level NO2
concentration –
(a) directly downwind at a distance of 2km
(b) at a point downwind where NO2 is maximum
(c) at a point located 2 km downwind and 0.1 km of cross-
downwind axis
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
Q6
Cars travelling at 55 mph speed at 75 m apart are
emitting 5g/mile of CO. The wind speed is 3.5 m/s and
perpendicular to the road. Estimate ground level;
concentration of CO at a distance 300m downwind.
Consider atmosphere to be adiabatic.
Q7
Calculate the final plume rise from a power plant for the
following conditions:
Atmospheric Stability D
Vs 19 m/s
ds 3m
U 10 m 4 m/s
Ts 400 oK
Ta 283 oK
Stack Height 67 m
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
Q8
The following source data and meteorological data are given for a flare stack:
Stack Height 25 m
9x
Rate of SO2 Emisssion, Q 4
10 mg/sec.
Meteorological Data are available from a nearby tower at a height 75 m. above the
ground. Two cases are given:
Compute the plume rise for both stabilities using above information. State your
assumptions.
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Assignment for ECE CDB3022 (G1 & G2) Dr Muhammad Ayoub
Q9
The rate of emission of SO2 from the stack of a power plant is 150 gm/sec. The
stack height is 50 m. Calculate the effective stack height on a sunny September day
when the wind velocity is 5 m/sec. Use Class B stability. The effluents are being
released at 10m/s and at a temperature of 310oK. The atmospheric temperature is
293oK. (Assume stack diameter = 1m)
Q10
For a wind speed of 3 m/sec (at 10 m level), a stack gas exit velocity of 20 m/sec
and a stack diameter of 1 m, calculate the final plume rise for a momentum plume
in a neutral atmosphere. Use a stack height of 50m.
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