Topic:

BUSBAR
Technology and Solutions
Protection and Substation Automation
PROTECTION
APPLICATION
BASICS 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 1

ABB
 Topic Objectives
Objectives

r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones

r Coupler Functions
r Circuit Breaker Reclaim Time
r Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
r Isolator alarm & Switching prohibited
r Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
r CB / isolator auxiliary circuits
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 2

r CB close command

ABB
 Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 3

Single Busbar without coupler

= 1 protection zone
= 1 measurement system
ABB
 Busbar Zones & Protection Zones

BB1 BB2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 4

Single Busbar with coupler (2 CTs)

= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
ABB
 Busbar Zones & Protection Zones

BB1 BB2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 5

Single Busbar with coupler (1 CT)

= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
200A 200A
Load condition

BB1 BB2

Þ NO TRIP !
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 6

100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A

D I Zone 1 = 100-500+200+200 = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 400+300-500-200 = 0 A
ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
5000A 5000A
Fault condition I BB2

BB1

Þ TRIP
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 7

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500-5000 = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
Fault switched off
BB2

BB1
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 8

150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A

still load on BB1 !

ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
5000A 4400A
Fault condition II BB2

BB1

Þ TRIP
BB 1
&
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 9

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500+4400 = 9400 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
Fault switched off 0A 0A
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 10
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A

ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)

BB1 BB2
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 11
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
+200A to Zone 1 positive
Load conditions - 200A to Zone 2 negative

BB1 BB2
the coupler current is
added to both systems,

Þ NO TRIP !
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 12
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A

D I Zone 1 = 100-500+200+ (+200) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 400+300-500+ (-200) = 0 A
ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
5000A
Fault condition I BB2

BB1

Þ TRIP
BB 2
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 13
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
Fault switched off
BB2

BB1
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 14
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A

still load on BB1 !

ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
5000A
Fault condition II BB2

BB1

Þ TRIP
BB 2
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 15
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
ABB
 Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
CBs on BB2 switched off
BB2

BB1
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 16
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A

still fault current on BB1 !

ABB
 Coupler functions I

How can a busbar

protection system detect a
fault between the Coupler
Circuit Breaker and
Current Transformer
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 17

???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Coupler functions I

Þ by deactivating of the
current measurement in the
coupler in case of internal
BBP tripping signal
(= coupler blocking)
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 18
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Coupler functions I

trip from
BBP ³1
³1 t
&
Current signal to
~120 ms measurement
system
Input
Current
signal
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 19
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest

possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time

ABB
 Coupler functions I
5000A start CB
Fault condition II reclaim time BB2

BB1

Þ TRIP
BB 2
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 20
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
ABB
 Coupler functions I
5000A CBs on BB2 switched off
Fault condition II BB2

BB1

still fault current

on BB1 !

Þ TRIP
BB 1
the coupler current is switched off
after the CB reclaim time
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 21
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 5000 A
ABB
 Coupler functions I
Fault switched off 0A
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 22
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A

with a time delay (~120ms)

ABB
 Coupler functions II
5000A 4400A
Fault condition II BB2

BB1

Þ TRIP
BB 1
&
BB 2
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 23
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500+4400 = 9400 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
ABB
 Coupler functions II

If the Coupler CB is already open and

the fault between CT and CB occurs, how
can be avoided that
a) both measurement system trips and
b) the trip occurs without the time delay
of the circuit breaker reclaim time (in
case of a coupler with only one CT)
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 24
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

???

ABB
 Coupler functions II

Þ by deactivating of the
current measurement in the
coupler in case of an open
CB
(= coupler blocking)
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 25
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Coupler functions II

trip from
BBP ³1
³1 t
CB open
&
Current signal to
~120 ms measurement
system
Input
Current
signal
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 26
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest

possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time

ABB
 Coupler functions II
5000A
Fault condition III BB2

BB1

Þ TRIP
BB 1
the coupler current
is switched off
since the coupler
CB was opened !
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 27
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

1000A 2500A 1500A 300A 200A 500A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+0) = 5000 A

D I Zone 2 = 300+200-500- (+5000) = 0 A
ABB
 Coupler functions II
Fault switched off 0A
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 28
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

0A 0A 0A 400A 300A 500A

selective & instantly ! still load on BB2 !

ABB
 Coupler functions II
What advantage and what
disadvantage will result for the
system by connecting the CB
auxiliary contacts

???
(concerning the main requirements on
protection systems: DEPENDABILITY;
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 29
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

SECURITY;SPEED; SENSITIVITY;
SELECTIVITY)
ABB
 Coupler functions II
Þ the selectivity in
case the CB is
already open and

selectivity
the fault occurs

speed
will be increased

dependability
Þ the tripping speed in case of a fault between
coupler CB and CT will be increased (in case of a
coupler with only one CT)
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 30
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

Þ the dependability on external components

(aux. contacts) will be increased
ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

What is essential for

the coupler blocking logic
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 31
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ it must be guaranteed that the position of

the CB is correct

If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!

Þ therefore a supervision must be integrated

to detect a undefined Circuit Breaker /
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 32

Isolator) Position
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
Supervision

CB closed

=1
isolator alarm
CB open
³1 t
switching
=1 prohibited
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 33
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

t > circuit breaker running (from the “open into the

“closed” position / from the “closed into the “open”
position)

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

How is it possible to get

a defined CB / isolator
position even in case of a
interrupted auxiliary DC
supply of the CB / isolator
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 34

circuit ???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ the latest position of the CB / isolator

must be stored
Þ for security, if both (open and closed)
signals are active, the position must be
forced into the “closed” position
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 35
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
Memory of the position in case of missing aux. supply

S
internal:
CB closed
CB closed
& R
CB open

R
internal:
CB open
S
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 36
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

A undefined CB / isolator
position will generate 2
alarms: isolator alarm &
switching prohibited! Why
switching prohibited
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 37
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ the latest CB / isolator position is stored!

As long as the CB is not being switched the
protection system “sees” the correct position!
Þ therefore the “switching prohibited signal is
very important and must not be ignored by the
operating personal
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 38
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

There is an option to block

the system in case of
an isolator alarm.

How is it possible to
de- block the system
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 39
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ by the external input

“accept isolator alarm”
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 40
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
“Accept isolator alarm”

CB closed

=1
isolator alarm
CB open
³1 t switching
prohibited
=1 blocking
& (optional)
accept
S
“isolator alarm”
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 41
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

isolator alarm
R

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

In which situation is it allowed /

acceptable to de- block
the system
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 42
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ only in case of a lost DC auxiliary

supply!
Not in case of a “real” undefined
position!!!
There is a risk of maloperation !!!
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 43
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

What additional supervision

offers a busbar protection
system to detect a “WRONG”
CB / isolator position??
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 44
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ the “differential current supervision” is able

to detect a wrong CB / isolator position
Þ therefore the “differential current alarm” is
very important and must not be ignored by the
operating personal
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 45
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 CB / isolator auxiliary circuits

How must the external auxiliary

contacts be connected correctly
(concerning phase wise aux.
contacts)
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 46
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ if one phase is closed, the

system must get the “closed”
indication
Þ if one phase is not opened, the
“open” indication must disappear
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 47
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 CB / isolator auxiliary circuits

Phase Phase
+ +
NO aux.
R
contacts
R S T
S

CB closed
T protection
system
CB open
NC aux.
contacts
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 48
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 CB auxiliary circuits

What additional “problem” can

occur on a circuit breaker
???
(not on an isolator)
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 49
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 CB auxiliary circuits
Þ BBP “sees” an internal fault because
one current is not yet measured

flash over before CB

CB closing indicates closed
command
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 50
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

CB open !!!

current not

ABB
measured !!!
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position

Þ in case on a “switch onto fault

situation” the protection will
generate a tripping signal before the
closed indication appears
(flash- over in the circuit breaker)
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 51
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 © ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 52
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

CB auxiliary circuits

???
How can this be avoided

ABB
 CB auxiliary circuits

Þ the protection system must be

informed in advance that the CB is
going to be closed
Þ by the (manual) close command
of the CB
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 53
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 CB auxiliary circuits

Phase Phase
+ +

CB closing NC aux.
R
coil contacts
R S T
S

CB closed
T protection
system
CB open
NC aux.
contacts
CB (manual)
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 54
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

close command
CB close
order
+
ABB
 Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
Memory of the position in case of missing aux. supply

CB closing
command
S
internal:
CB closed ³1
CB closed
& R
CB open

R
internal:
CB open
S
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 55
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB
 © ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 56
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW

ABB