49 - Bithoor - ESAMP - Draft Final PDF

Environmental and Social Assessment with
Management Plan
Sewerage Work at
Bithoor Town, Kanpur Nagar (U.P.)
Under
National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development &
Ganga Rejuvenation, New Delhi
Clockwise from top: Valmiki Ashram, Brahmavart Ghat, Patthar Ghat, Dhruva Teela
Ganga Pollution Control Unit, Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam

June, 2015
ESAMP Report of Bithoor Sewerage Work under NGRBA
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................. I
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................. 1

1.1. Portfolio of Investments under NGRBA ............................................................................ 1
1.2. Sewerage Project for Bithoor Town of Kanpur ................................................................. 2
1.3. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ................................................................... 2
1.4. Requirement of Environmental Clearance as per EIA notification 14th September 2006:
......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5. Baseline Environmental Condition ................................................................................... 3
1.6. Socio Economic Profile .................................................................................................... 4
1.7. Public Consultation ........................................................................................................... 5
2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 9

2.1. The Ganga River Basin Project ......................................................................................10
2.2. Purpose and Scope of EIA .............................................................................................11
2.3. Structure of the Report ...................................................................................................12
3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................ 13

3.1. About the City .................................................................................................................13
3.2. NECESSITY OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM:- .....................................................................13
3.3. Existing Sewerage Facilities in Bithoor Town, Kanpur City ...........................................14
3.4. Necessity of this project .................................................................................................15
3.5. Location of Proposed Sewerage Project ........................................................................17
Land of STP – The Following photographs of STP land identified is free of encroachment and
other encumbrances and is not impacting any household. ............................................20
The land identified for the STP is free from any encroachment & encumbrances , and since it
is barren land therefore no livelihood impact is expected. .............................................20
3.6. Proposed Sewerage System ..........................................................................................20
3.6.1 Sewer System ............................................................................................................. 22
3.6.2 Construction of STP ................................................................................................... 24
3.7. Implementation Schedule ...............................................................................................25
3.8. Financing ........................................................................................................................25
4.0 REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK.............................................. 27

4.1. Applicable Laws and Regulations – Environmental .......................................................27
Legal Framework of Government of India ............................................................................. 27
Key Environmental Laws and Regulations ........................................................................... 27
4.2. Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social .....................................................................29
Forest Rights Act 2006 ............................................................................................................. 29
4.3. RIGHT TO FAIR COMPENSATION AND TRANSPARENCY IN LAND ........................29
ACQUISITION, REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ACT, 2013 .................................29
ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page i

4.4. UP Land Purchase through Mutual Agreement Policy 2015 ..........................................35

4.5. Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP .........................36
5.0 BASELINE STATUS ..................................................................................... 38

5.1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................38
5.2. Project Influence Area ....................................................................................................38
5.3. Environment and Social screening: ................................................................................39
5.4. Baseline Condition of Project Surrounding Area ............................................................45
Topography ................................................................................................................................ 45
Climate 45
Geomorphology & Soils ........................................................................................................... 46
Seismicity ................................................................................................................................... 47
Ground Water Scenario ........................................................................................................... 47
Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................................................... 47
Noise, Environment .................................................................................................................. 49
Surface Water............................................................................................................................ 50
Ecology and Biodiversity .......................................................................................................... 53
Cultural Properties .................................................................................................................... 56
Baseline Social Status ............................................................................................................. 56
6.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................. 59

6.1. Analysis of Alternative Site .............................................................................................59
6.2. Analysis of Alternative Technology ................................................................................59
7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION & STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ............... 62

7.1. Methods of Consultation.................................................................................................62
7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................ 64
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ............................................... 67

8.1. Potential Environmental Impacts ....................................................................................67
8.1.1 Impacts during construction phase .......................................................................... 67
8.1.1.1 Impact on Air Environment ......................................................................................... 67
8.1.1.2 Noise levels ................................................................................................................. 68
8.1.1.3 Impact on Land Environment ..................................................................................... 68
8.1.1.4 Surface and Ground Water Hydrology ..................................................................... 69
8.1.1.5 Impact on Biological Environment ............................................................................ 69
8.1.1.6 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment ................................................................. 69
8.1.1.7 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................ 69
8.1.1.8 Environmental sensitive areas .................................................................................. 69
8.1.1.9 Traffic Congestion ...................................................................................................... 69
8.1.2 Impacts during operation phase ............................................................................... 70
8.1.2.1 Air Environment ........................................................................................................... 70
8.1.2.2 Water environment ..................................................................................................... 70
8.1.2.3 Noise quality ................................................................................................................ 70
8.1.2.4 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................ 70
8.2. Impact on livelihood ........................................................................................................70
8.3. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................70
ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page ii
9.0 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................... 72

9.1. Environmental Management Plan ..................................................................................72
9.1.1 EMP during construction phase .................................................................................... 72
9.1.1.1 Air Environment .......................................................................................................... 72
9.1.1.2 Noise Environment ..................................................................................................... 72
9.1.1.3 Water Environment ..................................................................................................... 73
9.1.1.4 Land Environment ...................................................................................................... 73
9.1.1.5 Biological Environment .............................................................................................. 73
9.1.1.6 Occupational Health & Safety ................................................................................... 73
9.1.1.7 Safety Signs and Signals .......................................................................................... 73
9.1.2 EMP during operation phase .................................................................................... 73
9.1.2.1 Water Environment ..................................................................................................... 74
9.1.2.2 Occupational Health & Safety ................................................................................... 74
9.1.2.3 Proper Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................... 74
9.2. Post project environmental monitoring programme: ......................................................81
9.3. Social Management Plan ...............................................................................................82
Social mitigation plans during construction phase ............................................................... 82
9.4. Assess the Capacity of Institutions and Mechanisms for Implementing Social
Development Aspects and Social Safeguard Plans; Recommend Capacity building
measures........................................................................................................................82
9.5. Develop Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms to Assess Social Development
Outcomes .......................................................................................................................83
9.6. MONITORING OF MECHANISM ...................................................................................84
9.7. MECHANISM FOR GRIEVANCE ..................................................................................84
9.8. Cost information of EMP ................................................................................................85
10.0 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 86
ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page iii
List of Tables
Table 3-1 Decadal Population Data for Bithoor Town, Kanpur City................................................... 17
Table 3-2 Summary of the Population Projection and Sewage pollution Load of Bithoor Town,
Kanpur City. ........................................................................................................................ 17
Table 3-3 Wardwise estimated population of Bithoor Town, Kanpur City. ........................................ 18
Table 3-4 Size wise details of the sewers proposed for sewerage work in Bithoor Town. ................. 22
Table 3-5 Summary Calculation of Sewage Pumping stations for Zone I in Bithoor Town ................ 24
Table 3-6 Summary Calculation of Sewage Pumping stations for Zone II in Bithoor Town ............... 24
Table 3-7 Abstract of Cost of Works Proposed STP.......................................................................... 25
Table 4-1 Environmental Regulations and Legislations ..................................................................... 27
Table 5-1 Screening Checklist Format as per NGRBA ESMF ............................................................ 39
Table 5-2 Climatological Normal of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at Kanpur ......................... 45
Table 5-3 Quality of Soil Sample........................................................................................................ 46
Table 5-4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report ............................................................................... 47
Table 5-5 Noise quality monitoring report .......................................................................................... 49
Table 5-6 Ganga River water quality at Upstream and downstream of Bithoor town. ....................... 52
Table 5-7 Water quality Monitoring Report of Nalas discharging sewage in river Ganga. ................ 52
Table 5-8 List of trees reported in the project affected area .............................................................. 54
Table 5-9 List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone ..................................................................... 55
Table 5-10 Baseline Social status of Bithoor town................................................................................ 56
Table 6-1 Comparative analysis of different natural wastewater treatment technology .................... 59
Table 7-1 62
Table 9-1 Environment Management Plan for STP ........................................................................... 74
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ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page v

List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Map showing location of Bithoor town ................................................................................. 9
Figure 3-1: Clockwise from top: Valmiki Ashram, Brahmavart Ghat, Patthar Ghat, Dhruva Teela ...... 13
Figure 3-2 Map showing course of Ganga through Bithoor town ........................................................ 14
Figure 3-3 Photographs showing condition of Sewerage System of Bithoor Town ............................. 15
Figure 3-4 Increasing trend of BOD in the River Ganaga (source: Ganga Water Quality Trend,
CPCB, 2009). ...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3-5 Trend in faecal coliform in the River Ganaga (source: Ganga Water Quality Trend,
CPCB, 2009). ...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3-6 Google image showing Bithoor STP Area .......................................................................... 19
Figure 5-1 General study area of the project. ...................................................................................... 38
Figure 5-2 Concentration of SO2 in Bithoor Town ............................................................................... 48
Figure 5-3 Concentration of NO2 in Bithoor town ................................................................................ 48
Figure 5-4 Concentration of RSPM in Bithoor Town ............................................................................ 49
Figure 5-5 Noise Level in Bithoor Town ............................................................................................... 50
Figure 5-6 Map showing CPCB monitoring stations in the river Ganga in Uttar Pradesh ................... 50
Figure 5-7 Ganga river water quality trend at Bithoor Town in terms Dissolved Oxygen .................... 50
Figure 5-8 Ganga river water quality trend at Bithoor Town in terms BOD.......................................... 51
Figure 5-9 Ganga river water quality trend at Bithoor Town in terms Faecal Coliform ........................ 51
Figure 5-10 Ganga river water quality at upstream and downstream of Bithoor Town. .................... 52
Figure 5-11 Water quality of Nalas discharging sewage in river Ganga. ......................................... 53
Figure 5-12 Literacy Rate of male and female population. ................................................................ 57
Figure 5-13 Work participation rate of Bithoor town. ......................................................................... 58
Figure 5-14 Ccategory of workers of working population of Bithoor town. ........................................ 58
Figure 7-1 Public consultation with local people .................................................................................. 63
Figure 9-1 Structure and Project Implementation Unit (Environment & Social .................................... 83
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ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page vii
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Government of India has given Ganga the status of a National River and has constituted
the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) on 20th February 2009, for the
comprehensive management of the river. The main objective of the NGRBA is to ensure
effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin
approach for comprehensive planning and management. In regards to this initiative, under
pollution abatement programme NGRBA proposes sewerage works for Bithoor Town, Kanpur.
Bithoor town located about 25 km northwest from Kanpur Nagar is situated at the left bank of
river Ganga. It is situated between latitude 26o 45’ north and longitude 800 10’ East. Bithoor
is one of the important religious places of Uttar Pradesh and is famous as Bavan Ghaton ki
Nagari (city of 52 Ghats). The major problem of pollution in River Ganga in the Bithoor town is
due to direct discharge of wastewater. There is no sewerage system in the town. In addition
to this, Bithoor receives a large number of pilgrims, who take holy bath and offer prayers in
large religious congregations resulting in substantial pollution. Within the goal of NGRBA
Mission, it is envisaged that no untreated municipal or industrial waste will be allowed to flow
into river Ganga or its tributary by the year 2020. Thus, in order to keep river Ganga clean, it
has been proposed to provide a full coverage of piped sewerage system and treatment of the
entire sewage by the sewage treatment plant based on waste stabilisation pond technology
for the town.
As per the Environmental and Social Management Framework (NGRBA, 2011), the
implementation of such river pollution mitigation projects under the NGRBP is anticipated to
encounter a variety of environmental and social issues/problems. Therefore the study of
environment and social sector is required for analyzing the impacts of proposed project and
suggesting the management plans to handle any negative impacts. The Environmental and
Social Assessment with Management Plan (ESAMP) report was prepared by Ganga Pollution
Control Unit, Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam and the report was vetted through Department of Civil
Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
The social status of the residing community. Information and data presented in this section is
based on field surveys, stake-holder interaction/consultation and secondary data collection
which majorly include the Detailed Project Report (DPR) of proposed sewerage work, report
by Nagar Nigam, Water/ Air/ Noise quality monitoring report, City census data and others.
The information on the baseline environmental conditions forms the basis to analyse the
probable impacts of the proposed project vis-à-vis the present background environmental
quality of the core study area.
The baseline environmental monitoring for noise quality was conducted through primary
survey to at strategic locations considering various project components like construction of
STP, SPS, laying of sewer line etc. The baseline noise levels helps in understanding the
existing noise level so that necessary monitoring mechanism and safeguard measures can be
formulated for the possible impacts from the project on noise quality during the construction
and operation stages of the project.
1.1. Portfolio of Investments under NGRBA

The portfolio of investments under the NGRBA program includes the following:
 Sewerage and sanitation systems/sewage treatment plants (new/up gradation)
 Solid Waste Management
 Industrial Pollution Control Initiatives
 River front Management initiatives
ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page 1

These investments in the first phase of program is spread across several cities and/or towns
within Ganga main stem states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West
Bengal and may be extended to entire Ganga river basin comprising of 11 states in the later
phases.
1.2. Sewerage Project for Bithoor Town of Kanpur

The Bithoor town of Kanpur nagar is situated on the left bank of river Ganga. In Bithoor town
the major problem of pollution of River Ganga is due to the direct discharge of wastewater
being generated by the habitation which flows into the open drains, at present contributing
about 1.3 MLD flow. Moreover, Bithoor being one of important Hindu Pilgrimage received a
large number of visitors round the year. The Ganga river water quality trend as conducted by
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) under “Monitoring of Indian Aquatic Resources”
programme find that water quality at Bithoor town does not comply with the CPCB standard;
moreover, there is an increasing trend of BOD and Feacal Coliform load. There are seven
open drains which directly discharge the waste water to the river Ganga. Within the goal of
NGRBA Mission, it is envisaged that no untreated municipal or industrial waste will be allowed
to flow into river Ganga or its tributary by the year 2020. Under the aegis of NGRBA mission,
the UPJN has proposed to cover the entire town by laying sewerage piped network and
treatment of entire sewage through STP before discharge into the river Ganga. The total
length of the proposed sewerage network is about 32 Kms.
The natural ridge along the eastern side of the town, which is in parallel to the direction of flow
of Ganga, divides the town topography into two Zones. Two pumping station has been
proposed for Zone-I and Zone-II which shall transport the sewage to the STP through the
rising mains. The site earmarked for constructing the proposed sewage treatment plant of 2.6
MLD capacity is in the upstream side near Dhruv Teela of the town.
Considering the density of population, absence of proper sewerage network, proximity to the
Ganga river and the point of confluence, it becomes more important to provide sewerage and
treatment infrastructure for the area. The major components of the proposed project include:
 32 km long sewerage network including all required trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer.
 Construction of STP of capacity 2.6 MLD based on waste stabilization pond technology.
 Two sewage pumping stations one of capacity 2.10 MLD to cater to the load of Zone I
and another of capacity 0.47 MLD to cater to the load of Zone II.
 Operation and maintenance.
As per DPR, the total cost for the sewerage lines and sewage treatment plant will be Rs. 60.0
crore.
1.3. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

The following laws and regulations are application to the environmental aspects of the
proposed project:
 Policy and regulatory framework of Govt. of India;
 Environmental Policy of the respective State Governments;
 Legislations applicable to the construction activities;
 Environment and Social Management Framework of NGRBA
The Project is seeking financing from World Bank and hence their environmental and social
safeguards are also applicable to this Project.

1.4. Requirement of Environmental Clearance as per EIA notification 14th

September 2006:
The proposed project is construction of sewerage system. Since construction of sewage
treatment plant does not attract EIA clearance the project will not require Environmental
clearance from MoEF/SEIAA.
Other Applicable Legislation:
 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water Prevention and Control
of (Pollution) act, 1974 will be applicable;
 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 will be applicable;
 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 is not
applicable as such
 Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 shall be applicable
 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 shall be applicable
 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2000 shall be applicable
 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is not applicable
 The project also does not fall within 10 km radius of a national park or wildlife sanctuary
area.
The methodology adopted for the environmental and social assessment included secondary
data analysis, carrying out scoping, survey of the host population and discussion with key
stakeholders including government officials and local residents. Based on these outcomes, a
screening activity was conducted with the help of the screening checklist format provided in
Environmental and Social Management Framework of NGRBA. Thereafter, environmental
and social impacts were identified and assessed and a mitigation plan was developed based
on the aforementioned.
1.5. Baseline Environmental Condition

As a part of the study, baseline condition was established through physic-chemical and
biological sampling in and around the study area. Social study was undertaken to understand
the cultural and social status of the residing community. The baseline information forms the
basis to analyse the probable impacts of the proposed project vis-à-vis the present
background environmental quality of the core study area. In environmental scenario it reflects
the status of environmental entities like status of climate, geological features, air quality, water
quality, waste management and existing green cover in the study area.
In general 5 km from the STP boundary as well as the area crossing the sewerage line has
been considered as Project Influence Area. Within this project influence area the mostly
consists of built up and open. There is no such natural sensitive area observed within the
project influence area. However man made sensitive locations like temples along the Ghats,
some old buildings and few schools are observed.
Meteorology:
The climate in Bithoor town is characterized by hot summer and dryness except in the south
west monsoon season. The climate can be divided broadly into four seasons. The period from
March to the mid of June is the summer season which is followed by the south-west
monsoon, which lasts till the end of September, October and first half of November from the
post -monsoon or transition period. The cold season spreads from about the middle of
November to February. The climate is of a tropical nature and shade temperature varies from

20°C to 48° C. Rainy season extends from June to September, with the period of maximum
rainfall normally occurring during the months of July and August.
Topography: Bithoor Town, Kanpur is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. A
characteristic of the geography of Bithoor Town is its proximity to Ganga rivers.
Geology: The area lies in the Ganga basin which is formed of alluvium of the early quaternary
period. There is no hard or consolidated rock exposures are encountered. The main
constituents (sand, silt and clay) of alluvium occur in variable proportions in different sections.
Physiography and Soil: The project area falls under active alluvial plain and the soil of the
Bithoor Town is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is
slightly alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit.
Seismicity: The area falls under Seismic Zone-IV as per seismic map of geographical survey
of India.
Air Quality: There is no industrial activity. Central Pollution Control Board has two air quality
monitoring stations in Bithoor Town, the air quality was found to comply with the CPCB
residential air quality standards.
Water Quality: The river Ganga water quality was found to be polluted in terms of E. coli and
feacal coliform and do not satisfy the ‘bathing water quality standard as per CPCB water
quality critera.
Flora and Fauna: Common trees include Tectona Grandis, Dalbergia Sissoo, Terminalia
arjuna (arjun), Acacia arabica, Madhuca indica (mahua).
The fauna reported in the area are mainly avifauna (highest diversity) followed by mammals
and reptiles. The commonly reported avifauna in the study area are Common crow, Myna,
Eagle, Sparrow, Babbler, Pigeon, Cattle Egrets, Red Vented bulbul, Drongo, Sparrow, Indian
Roller etc. Migratory birds are also seen to visit the place.
1.6. Socio Economic Profile
Bithoor is a small town with population as per census 2001, is 9652 people with 1652 nos. of
households. Town is located very close to Kanpur City therefore most of the gainful
employment is in jobs and industries.
Cultural and Heritage Resources: There is no important cultural and heritage resource notified
by Archaeological Survey of India around the project influence area but Town is famous for its
Ghats
The ESAMP of the project was based on screening checklist method that identifies the impact
level of various activities during the construction and operation phases. Various
environmental factors such as the presence of eco-sensitive region in and around the project
area, clearance of tree cover, improper storage of excavation spoils, flooding of adjacent
areas, elevated noise and dust levels, damage to existing utilities were taken as checklist
criteria for impact assessment of the project. Social criteria included factors such as
requirement for land acquisition, displacement of tribals, loss of livelihood and gender issues.
The present project do not involve any major issues of land acquisition and has an overall
positive impact by tapping the wastewater which was earlier polluting the river Ganga. Based
on the criteria-wise screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the
NGRBP, the present project of sewerage work in Bithoor Town of, Kanpur which involves 32
km of sewer lines, 2 pumping stations and an STP falls under low impact category.

1.7. Public Consultation

Local people are being adequately consulted as part of the project preparation. Focused
group discussions as well as informal discussion with local people as well as project
implementation authorities were conducted at different points of time as part of the ESAMP
report of the project. Most of the people have welcome the project and their views and
suggestion are incorporated in the project and EMP.
While in baseline status of social section, it brings out the status of demographic composition
of the population, general land-use feature of the wards and also details of the social survey
outcomes at various consultations held in different wards of the sewerage district.
Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental or social
impacts, but will have temporary impacts on water quality, air quality (impact on health), traffic
blockages, safety hazards for pedestrians, possible damage to private property, possible
interruption in commercial activity, and accidental breakage of other public infrastructure.
Social assessment clearly defines that no issue of land acquisition and livelihood loss is
foreseen in the project. Hence, no compensation provision is required. However, if any loss of
livelihood would be noticed during implementation of this project, then the affected party will
be compensated according to Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
guidelines set by the NGRBA. Moreover, some inconvenience caused to the local public has
been reported along with the local mitigation plan. One strong suggestion which was identified
from consultations was execution of construction work within a scheduled time frame with
provision of prior notice to residents, shop-owners. A public grievance mechanism (as
prescribed by ESMF of NGRBA) is to be followed. There is a clear mention and highlighting if
the social development issues and outcomes in this report. A section chalking out institutional
mechanism, capacity building requirements and monitoring and evaluation mechanism is also
present.
Key Mitigation
Phase Component Key temporary Impacts
Measures
Environmental
Construction Environmental There are no environmental -

Phase sensitive areas sensitive areas in the proposed
project area. Further the small
residential parks and road side
trees, will not be affected, since
the sewers will not pass through
these areas.
Air quality Probable increase in the dust Sprinkling of water at
levels (RSPM and SPM), during regular intervals to
the construction may temporary control dust especially
deteriorate the air quality, places where soil is
causing health problems of stockpiled and
respiratory ailments, leading provision of top cover
cause for eye, ear, nose and for vehicles involved
throat infections and related in disposal of the
discomfort. excess soil material

Key Mitigation
Measures
Noise levels Increased noise levels due to Providing curtains or
construction activities like plying sound barriers
of construction vehicles, pumping (polysheets/ sheets)
machines, machinery such as all around the
cranes, riveting machines, construction site.
hammering etc, may cause Proper maintenance
general disturbances to the of construction
human habitations like equipment and
sleeplessness in case vehicles
construction activity is extended
into the night hours.
Water resources Contamination of nearby water Suggestion to ensure
bodies via storm drains (during proper handling and
rainfall) by un-managed disposing off
construction related material like construction wastes at
suspended particles, pollutants identified refusal sites.
like oil, grease, cement etc, Proper stock piling of
There may also be temporary excavated soil and not
blockage of drains due to in any storm drains or
unmanaged material and any other areas
construction debris where water would
naturally accumulate
causing flooding.
Operation Noise and No air and noise problem from Proper handling and
Phase air quality sewer line as piped network will regular maintenance
be implemented. of operating
Improper handling and irregular machines at STP
maintenance of operating including pumps,
machines at STP may lead to generators, air
increased noise and odour diffusers, etc.
nuisance during operation activity
causing disturbance to
surrounding human habitation
Water Water contamination and Regular monitoring of
environment temporary flooding due to sewer line and STP.
leakages/ overflows from the Suggestion to ensure
sewer lines may cause appropriate repair
unhygienic condition work in less time
period.
Social
Construction Livelihood No impact, as there will be no But suggested if

impact on livelihood of any noticed during
permanent shop-owners, construction, then
licensed kiosks should be
compensated
according to
ESMF
Land acquisition No impact, as no fresh land -
is required for any
construction

Key Mitigation
Measures
Inconvenience There will be some minor Public notice to be
to public inconveniences to the public circulated,
due to construction like access construction should
to their premises, etc. be completed in the
given time, debris
should be cleared in
time
Health issues- During construction dust and Use of acoustics

due to dust, noise generated, can cause and water sprinkling
noise pollution nuisance to people especially
elderly and children, but impact is
very limited.
These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans, which have
been suggested as well, along with monitoring and evaluation of future projects. EMP cost as
given below
Cost information of EMP
Item Location Season Year Total no. of Unit Cost Total Cost
samples
Environment Monitoring during Construction Stage
Air quality Monitoring 2 3 2 12 7,000.00 84,000.00
2
Metrological data 1 3 1
3 3 5,000.00 15,000.00
Water Quality Monitoring 3 4 3 24 6,500.00 156,000.00
Noise/vibration 2 3 3 12 3,000.00 36,000.00
Soil analysis 2 3 3 12 6,000.00 72,000.00
Sub total 3,63,000.
Environment Monitoring Cost (Operation Stage) 00
Metrological data 1 1 5 3 5,000.00 15,000.00
Noise/vibration 2 2 5 12 3,000.00 36,000.00
Sludge Monitoring at STP sites 1 4 5 12 6,500.00 78,000.00
Soil analysis 2 3 5 18 6,500.00 117,000.00
Sub-Total 642000.00
Control of Dust Generation 200000.00

Control of noise and vibrations 288,000.00
Prevention of safety hazards to workers 28,000.00
Prevention of health hazards due to
absence of sanitation and solid waste
management facility in labour camps.
(a)Sanitation 800,000.00
(b)Water Supply 200,000.00
(c)Dust Bins 100,000.00
Use of PPE and PPC Lump Sum 50,000.00
Environmental mitigation measures
Lump sum 200,000.00
including development- plantation around
SPS
Training and Awareness programme Lump sum 12,00,000.00
Sub Total 1,966,000

TOTAL 4071000.00
However, keeping in view, the temporary disruptions and impacts, it was concluded that the
larger environmental value of the project greatly outweighs them. The project is expected to
benefit the Bithoor Town, Kanpur City, as the wastewater that currently flows untreated into
the Ganga river will be captured, treated and the remainder of the treated effluent will be
allowed to flow into the river.

2.0 INTRODUCTION
The river Ganga is one of the prime rivers of India and is declared as the National River
of India. The river Ganga has significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India.
It flows east through the Gangetic plains of Northern India into the country of Bangladesh. It is
the second largest river in the World by discharge. The Ganga Basin which is the largest river
basin of the country houses about 40% population of India. The Ganges basin houses over
400 million people and a population density of about 390 inhabitants per square km. The river
has immense religious significance and considered as the holy river of the Hindus. Historically
too the river is important as many important cities and capitals have been located along its
banks. The major cities along the River Ganges are Haridwar, Moradabad, Rampur,
Allahabad, Kanpur, Bithoor Town, Kanpur, Varanasi and Rajshahi. The Ganges forms its
Delta at the Bay of Bengal. The Ganges travels a distance of 2500 km beginning from the
point of origin till she ultimately merges into the ocean.
Despite its importance, extreme pollution stress from increasing population and a large no of
floating population pose a great threat to the biodiversity and environmental sustainability of
the Ganga, with detrimental effects on both the quantity and quality of its flows. During the
course of its journey from the hills to the sea, municipal sewage from large urban centres,
trade effluents from industries and polluting waste from several other non-point sources are
discharged into the river are the main cause of its pollution.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GoI has been implementing an ambitious
programme of pollution abatement of rivers in India. It started in 1985 with the Ganga Action
Plan (GAP). The main objective of GAP was to improve the water quality of Ganga to ‘bathing
class’ standard by preventing the pollution load reaching the river.
Figure 2-1 Map showing location of Bithoor town
To give a fresh impetus to pollution abatement of River Ganga and its tributaries, a major
initiative under the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has been started. The
current programmes include treatment of municipal from large urban centres before municipal
sewage find its way into the river. Following approaches have been adopted for effective
implementation of river-Ganga-cleanup-activities:

 Establishing a basin-level, multi-sectoral framework for addressing pollution in the river

(including national/state policies and river basin management institutions);
 Making relevant institutions operational and effective (e.g. with the capacity to plan,
implement and manage investments and enforce regulations); and,
 Implementing a phased program of prioritized infrastructure investments (with emphasis

on sustainable operations and mobilization of community support)
2.1. The Ganga River Basin Project

The Government of India (GoI) constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority
(NGRBA), on 20th February 2009, for the comprehensive management of the river. The
NGRBA is a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body of the centre and the
states. The Authority has both regulatory and developmental functions. The NGRBA will
adopt a river-basin approach and has been given a multi-sector mandate to address both
water quantity and quality aspects. The Authority will take measures for effective abatement
of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga in keeping with sustainable development
needs which includes:
 Development of a river basin management plan;
 Regulation of activities aimed at prevention, control and abatement of pollution in Ganga

to maintain its water quality, and to take measures relevant to river ecology and
management in the Ganga basin states;
 Maintenance of minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga;
 Measures necessary for planning, financing and execution of programmes for abatement
of pollution in the river Ganga including augmentation of sewerage infrastructure,
catchment area treatment, protection of flood plains, creating public awareness;
 Collection, analysis and dissemination of information relating to environmental pollution in

the river Ganga;
 Investigations and research regarding problems of environmental pollution and

conservation of the river Ganga;
 Promotion of water conservation practices including recycling and reuse, rain water
harvesting, and decentralised sewage treatment systems;
 Monitoring and review of the implementation of various programmes or activities taken up

for prevention, control and abatement of pollution in the river Ganga;
 Issue directions under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for the purpose
of exercising and performing these functions and for achievement of its objectives.
Building on the high-level dialogue with GoI on Ganga, The World Bank has been formally
requested to provide long-term support to NGRBA, through several phases of substantive
financing and knowledge support. The initial emphasis of the specific investments under the
first project will focus on main stem of Ganga flowing through five basin states of Bihar,
Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. Specifically, pollution abatement
programs in cities on the banks of these States which would include a range of municipal
investments such as sewer networks, waste water treatment facilities, industrial pollution
control measures, river front management and solid waste disposal in the river through
improved management in these cities and other required supportive improvements. This is
expected to be enabled through several phases of substantive financing and knowledge
support. The first project of such several phases of support aims at:
i) Establishing and operationalizing central and state level NGRBA institutions capable of
planning and implementing a multi sectoral river water quality improvement program and;
ii) Reducing pollution loads into the river through selected investments.
The activities financed under this component are grouped under the following sub-
components:
(a) Sub-component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Program Management
(b) Sub-component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Providers
(c) Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulators
a. Sub Component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Program Management
This sub-component is aimed at supporting the nascent operational institutions established

for implementing the NGRBA program at the central and state levels on a full time basis. Key
NGRBA program management activities included under this sub-component are described
below :
(a) Enhancing Ganga Knowledge Resources
(b) Communications and Public Participation
(c) Innovative Pilots
(d) Program of Action for Carbon Credits
b. Sub component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Provider
The long term operation and maintenance of the NGRBA-funded assets is the responsibility
of the ULBs and local service providers, and this sub-component is aimed at providing
assistance that can gradually enable them to take on their role.
c. Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulator
This sub-component is aimed at addressing the key constraints faced by the CPCB and
SPCBs related to their functions regarding the Ganga. The subcomponent will support:
(a) Capacity building of the CPCB and SPCBs
(b) Up-gradation of Ganga Water Quality Monitoring System
2.2. Purpose and Scope of EIA

The present project will be implemented by NGRBA and for that assistance has been sought
from World Bank. According to screening study and as per NGRBA’s framework the project
falls under high impact category and hence an EIA study is required along with specific EMP.
The scope of the EIA study has been finalized based upon the project screening and
categorization and is given below:
 Project screening and scoping;
 Project categorization considering the OP: 4.01 (Environment Assessment);
 Assessment of existing sewage disposal and proposed improvement mechanism for

restricting sewage and other trade effluent disposal;

 Detailed assessment of natural habitats in and around the project site;
 Assessment of air and noise quality in the viscinity of the project area ;
 Assessment of water quality along the river stretch;
 Preparation of study area maps for an immediate vicinity of 5 km from of the project site.
 Assessment of physical and cultural Resources along the project stretch and assessment
of potential beneficial and adverse impact on such resources from the project;
2.3. Structure of the Report

This report deals with the Environment Assessment with Management Plan for the Sewerage
works for Bithoor Town, Kanpur. It rolls out the baseline status of the existing sewage
situation and analyzes the situation if the proposed project is implemented, with its possible
implications and to negate those implications management plan is advised which is as per the
Environment and Social Management Framework. The present EIA report has been arranged
in following chapters:
Introduction
This chapter describes briefly describes the project, Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need
of EIA study
Project Description:
Project description is discussed pertaining to the proposed sewerage project Bithoor Town
of Kanpur. This chapter provides insight into the various component of the proposed
project.
Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
This Chapter captures the policy and legal framework of government of India as well the
policies of World Bank that are applicable to the project.
Description of Environment
Description of the baseline environmental condition including the baseline conditions of
river water quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, air, noise and soil quality are briefly
described in this chapter.
Analysis of Alternative
This chapter describes the alternatives considered in the project towards improving the
project.
Public Consultation
This chapter briefly describes the consultation measures carried out with the various
sections of common public in and around the project area and the suggestions provided
under the consultation are documented.
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
This chapter provides details of the potential impacts from the project on various
environmental factors and mitigation measures proposed for the construction and
operation stage
Environmental Management Plan
This chapter envisages the requirement of Environmental Management Plan
including the monitoring and supervision framework for the implementation of EMP along
with the budget for implementing EMP
Conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter provides the conclusion about the implementation of the project and provides
necessary recommendations

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1. About the City
Bithoor Town, Kanpur city lies on the 26°45’ North latitude and 80° 10’ East longitude. Bithoor
is a very small town of Uttar Pradesh having population of around 11000 people situated on
the bank of Ganga on Kanpur-Kannauj Road, about 25 Kms upstream from the main city,
Kanpur. It is very famous religious centre in the Northern India. According to Hindu Mythology
it is the birth place of God Ram’s son Lav and Kush the son of God Ram were born in Bithoor.
The historic town of bithoor, once famous by the Bavan Ghaton ki Nagari, (city of 52 Ghats) is
left with only 29 Ghats. Out of 29 Ghats, most beautiful is the Patthar Ghat built by the Raja
Tikaitrai. The other important Ghats of Bithoor is the Kalvari Ghat, Other notable sites at
Bithoor are the Tripura Sundri temple,Shivanda Ashram, Gyaneshwar Mahadev temple, Janki
temple, Pantha Devi temple and Sri Gayatri Dham. Bithoor receives tourists and pilgrims in
huge numbers, who take holy bath and offer prayers in large religious congregations.
Figure 3-1: Clockwise from top: Valmiki Ashram, Brahmavart Ghat, Patthar Ghat, Dhruva Teela
3.2. NECESSITY OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM:-

Bithoor is an important town from the perspective of prevention of pollution from point and
non-point sources within Ganga basin as it is situated on the banks of Ganga river (Figure
3.2). Ganga river has been identified as one of the most polluted river from Kanpur to
Varanasi. Bithoor is the town of Kanpur district and contributes the pollution load which is
mainly from Municipal sewage on river Ganga. Bithoor receives tourists and pilgrims in huge
numbers, who take holy bath and offer prayers in large religious congregations.
At present the town has no sewerage system. With the present population (2011) of 11,181
sewage discharge has been estimated to stands about 1.3 MLD, open drains are acting as
sewers during the dry weather flow. Whereas, in the monsoon, the same infrastructure is
serving the dual purpose i.e. as sewers and drains. Thus making the situation worst for the
local public. It is noteworthy that although some people have constructed small septic tanks in
their houses, at most of the places/ localities, all households are discharging their sewage/
sullage through open drains into the nallas which flow towards the Ganga river. Untreated
discharge of wastewater of the town is contributing pollution in the river Ganga affecting the
river ecology, aquatic life and poor aesthetics. The situation is further aggravated as all the
solid waste is also being disposed off into these public drains. Due to the encroachment and
dumping of solid waste causes silt deposition, the solid waste does not only obstruct the flow
but due to the putricible organic matter present in sewage/ waste (which is biodegradable),
causes septic condition resulting in foul odour and fly nuisance making the surrounding highly
unhygienic. In addition to the same, the solid waste settles into the drains causing siltation
which further have reduced the carrying capacity of drains. Water logging in open/ low lying
area is a common phenomenon in the city.
Figure 3-2 Map showing course of Ganga through Bithoor town
National Mission clean Ganga envisages that no untreated municipal or industrial effluent
shall be allowed to flow into river Ganga or its tributary by the year 2020. Thus in order to
keep our holy river Ganga clean, a full fledged sewerage system for the town Bithoor is
utmost nexessary.
3.3. Existing Sewerage Facilities in Bithoor Town, Kanpur City

With the population of around 11000 it is one of the most popular religious centres in the
Northern India. There exists a network of small and medium size drains in the town, basically
to cater the storm water and domestic waste water. The whole drainage meet to River Ganga
through seen nos of Nalas namely Kalvari Ghat Nala, Lakshman Ghat Nala ,Bramhavat Nala,
Goodhari Ghat Nala, Peshwa Nala, Bhunna Nala and Luvkush Nala. Presently the whole
waste water discharge of city is flowing into the river through these Nalas. Major Nalas
carrying sewage to river Ganga in Bithoor town is shown in the Figure 3.3.

Lav- Kush Ghat Nala Kalwari Ghat Nala
Brahamvat Ghat Nala Bhumni Nala
Figure 3-3 Photographs showing condition of Sewerage System of Bithoor Town
3.4. Necessity of this project

Bithoor Town, Kanpur city is experiencing growth with corresponding increase in economic
and commercial activities. There is influx of population both floating and fixed. The fixed load
is due to existing settlements in the town and floating load is due to its being a popular
religious place in North India many people visiting the town.
The Ganga river water quality trend as conducted by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
under “Monitoring of Indian Aquatic Resources” programme find that water quality at Bithoor
town does not comply with the CPCB standard; moreover, there is an increasing trend of
BOD and Feacal Coliform load (figure 3-4 & 3.5).

Figure 3-4 Increasing trend of BOD in the River Ganaga (source: Ganga Water Quality Trend, CPCB,
2009).
Figure 3-5 Trend in faecal coliform in the River Ganaga (source: Ganga Water Quality Trend, CPCB,
2009).
For these reasons, it is imperative that an efficient and effective sewage collection, treatment
and disposal system be quickly installed to allow Bithoor Town, Kanpur to meet the health
and sanitation needs of the population and to prevent the direct discharge of sewage in the
river Ganga.
The population growth experienced so far is expected to continue strongly over the next
couple of decades adding more pressure to the existing infrastructure. Absence of timely
action may result in contamination of existing surface and underground sources of water
supply for the urban population of Bithoor Town, Kanpur city. With growing population
combined with improved living standards, it is necessary for any city to provide an efficient
Infrastructure service be in the field of water supply, sewerage & sanitation and storm water
drainage.

The census data on decadal population since year 1951 is presented in Table 3-11.
Table 3-1 Decadal Population Data for Bithoor Town, Kanpur City
Sr. No. Census year Population Average Decadal Growth

Rate(%)
1 1951 2577
2 1961 2667 90
3 1971 3769 1102
4 1981 5486 1717
5 1991 7444 1953
6 2001 9652 2208
7 2011 11181 1529
Total 8604
Average 1434
Source: Census India website, 2011
As per the estimate made in DPR the final population growth will be around 24000 by the year
2035. Projection of population and thereby sewage generation estimation are as under –
Table 3-2 Summary of the Population Projection and Sewage pollution Load of Bithoor Town,
Kanpur City.
Sewage
Planning Period Year Population
Generation
Initial Stage 2020 17900 2.0 MLD
Mid – Stage 2035 24000 2.60 MLD
Ultimate Stage 2050 32300 3.60 MLD
3.5. Location of Proposed Sewerage Project

Bithoor Town, Kanpur city lies on the 26°45’ North latitude and 80° 10’ East longitude. The
natural ridge along the eastern side of the town, which is in parallel to the direction of flow of
Ganga, divides the town topography into two Zones. For planning purpose, the entire town
has been divided into two zones viz. Zone –I, & Zone-II. Zone-I east side of the main ring
road goes to Dhrv Tila while zone-II fall on the western side of the road mainly consist of
wards Dhrv Nagar & Laxmi bai nagar . The town comprises of 10 wards out of which 8 nos.
wards are included in Zone-I and the remaining wards (2Nos.) are included in Zone-II. The
Design population of Zone-I & Zone-II have been worked out as 14670 & 3280 respectively in
base year 2020. The ward wise estimated population of Bithoor town has been depicted in the
table below:

Table 3-3 Wardwise estimated population of Bithoor Town, Kanpur City.
S.N. Name of Wards

Population
2011 2020 2035 2050
1 Peshwa nagar 1085 1740 2330 3150
2 Tatya tope nagar 1194 1910 2550 3430
3 Mainawati nagar 888 1420 1900 2560
4 Brmha nagar 1477 2360 3180 4260
5 Dhruva nagar 1057 1690 2270 3080
6 Maharshi Balmiki nagar 1156 1850 2480 3350
7 Laxmi bai nagar 960 1540 2080 2770
8 Subedar nagar 1226 1960 2620 3550
9 Lavkush nagar 1117 1790 2400 3210
10 Azimulla nagar 1021 1640 2190 2940
Total 11181 17900 24000 32300
Two pumping station has been proposed for Zone-I and Zone-II which shall transport the
sewage to the STP through the rising mains. In zone-I sewage pumping station of 2.10 MLD
near the Ghoodha Ghat Nala and in zone-II sewage pumping station of 0.47 MLD at Kalvari
Ghat Nala is proposed. Two land parcel of 900 sq.m. each has been provided free of cost by
the Chairman, Town area of Bithoor for the construction of the pumping stations. In two
places in zone-I, small capacity Lift Station pumping plant has also been proposed i.e. one
near the Laxman Ghat Nala and other near the Peswa Nala.
The site earmarked for constructing the proposed sewage treatment plant of 2.6 MLD
capacity is in the upstream side near Dhruv Teela of the town. The google image showing the
location of the STP and surrounding area has been shown in Figure 3.6. the location of land
proposed for IPS and STP is shown in figure 3.7.

Figure 3-6 Google image showing Bithoor STP Area

Land of STP – The Following photographs of STP land identified is free of encroachment
and other encumbrances and is not impacting any household.
Figure 3-7 Images showing land proposed for IPS and STP
The land identified for the STP is free from any encroachment & encumbrances , and since it is barren
land therefore no livelihood impact is expected.
3.6. Proposed Sewerage System

The Detailed project Report is being prepared by Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam through an
individual consultanat. The proposed sewerage network in Bithoor as shown in

Figure 3-8 Proposed sewerage network of Bithoor STP Area

3.6.1 Sewer System
(i) Sewer Pipes: It is proposed to lay approximately 32 km long sewer network for Bithoor
Town of the city. The length of sewer for Zone- I will be approx. 26.24 km whereas for
Zone- II the length of sewer system will be approx. 5.1 km. Size wise details are given in
the Table 3.4 below.
Table 3-4 Size wise details of the sewers proposed for sewerage work in Bithoor Town.
Sewerage Sewers Dia (mm) Length (m)
Zone I 150mm dia 2503 m
200 mm dia 21128 m
250 mm dia 1306 m
300mm dia 497 m
400 mm dia 543 m
450 mm dia 263 m
Total Length 26240 m
Zone II 150mm dia 1877 m
200 mm dia 3228 m
Total Length 5105 m
(ii) Sewage Pumping Stations: The Intermediate Sewage Pumping Stations (IPSs)
are proposed at two locations. In Zone-I sewage pumping station of 2.10 mld for
design year has been provided near the Goodhari Ghat Nala, while in zone-II
sewage pumping station of 0.47 mld for design year has been provided near the
Kalvari Ghat Nala. The land of 900 sqm has been provided by the chairmain of
town area of Bithoor for pumping station on both the locations. In zone-I a old
railway line goes to Bramvatra Railway Station, sewage pipe line has cross the
railway track by trenchless method and drop in a manhole after crossing railway
line.
(a) 2.10 mld S.P.S. at Goodhari Ghat Nala: 3 pumps (2W +1S) pumps of 40HP,
34.0m head for peak flow have been proposed. 2No. (1W+1S) pumps of 25HP,
23mts head for average flow have been proposed. D.G. set of 100 KVA, has
been proposed as power back up.
(b) 0.47 mld S.P.S. at Kalwari Ghat: 3 pumps of capacity 500 lpm, 12mts head
have been proposed. Two pumps shall run during peak hour and one pump shall
be standby. D.G. set of 30KVA, 0.4KV has been proposed as power back up.

Location of Sewage pumping stations have been shown in figure 3.8 whereas
calculation details for sewage pumping stations have been shown in Table 3.5 & 3.6
respectively.
SPS no. II for Zone II
SPS no. I for Zone I
Figure 3-9 Figure showing location of Sewage Pumping Stations of Bithoor STP Area

Table 3-5 Summary Calculation of Sewage Pumping stations for Zone I in Bithoor Town
Ward No. Name of Wards Population Estimation
Year-2020 Year-2035
1 Peshwa nagar 1740 2330
2 Tatya tope nagar 1910 2550
3 Mainawati nagar 1420 1900
4 Brmha nagar 2360 3180

Maharshi Balmiki
6 1850 2480
nagar
8 Subedar nagar 1960 2620
9 Lavkush nagar 1790 2400
10 Azimulla nagar 1640 2190
Total Pop. Load IN S.P.S.-I 14670 19650

Sewerage flow in mld (@80% of
1.584 2.102
135 lpcd)
Table 3-6 Summary Calculation of Sewage Pumping stations for Zone II in Bithoor Town
Ward No. Name of Wards Population Estimation

Year-2020 Year-2035
1 Dhruva nagar 1690 2270
2 Laxmi bai nagar 1540 2080
Total Pop. Load in S.P.S.-II 3230 4350
Sewerage flow in mld (@80% of
0.388 0.470
135 lpcd)
(iii) Manholes: The ordinary rectangular slab type as well as circular manholes of brick
masonry are proposed at all junctions, change of diameters, and change in pipe gradients
and on straight run of sewer. Drop manholes are proposed where the difference between
invert level of lateral/ branch sewer and maximum water level (at design peak flows) of
main sewer is more than 600 mm.
(iv) House connection: Where the sewers run through inhabited areas, intermediate shafts of
0.6m x 0.6 m between the manholes will be provided to provide points of house
connections in addition to manholes. The exact location of the chambers has to be
judiciously selected by the executing agency so that points of house connections are
available at a distance not generally exceeding 10m.
3.6.2 Construction of STP

Sewage treatment plant based on waste stabilization pond of capacity 2.6 MLD, has been
proposed in the upstream side (near Dhruv Teela) of the town. The sewerage system will
convey the sewage from the entire town to the STP. A land of 7.05 Hectare has provided by
the District administration, Kanpur Nagar. The STP will consist of combination of –:
(i) Anaerobic Pond

(ii) Facultative Pond

(iii) Maturation Pond
As per guideline of NGBRA, no sewage/ treated sewage water can inter directly into the River
Ganga. For zero discharge into the Ganga river following two proposals have been
considered:
a) Effluent Channel has been proposed for irrigation purpose in neighboring agricultural
land in non monsoon period.
b) Check Dam has been proposed for storage of treated effluent water during non
demand period. A catchment of 4.00 Hectare land has been provided for storage of
water.
3.6.3 Laboratory:
For testing waste water and effluent, provision of laboratory has been considered with
necessary basic facilities.
3.7. Implementation Schedule

It is anticipated that construction duration for the contractor is estimated to be 36 Months
(including monsoon period) for proposed sewerage system. The operation and maintenance
of proposed sewerage system is also considered for five years after commission of the
system
3.8. Financing
Total cost of the project has been estimated to be Rs. 60.0 crore. Table 3.7 gives the
summary of cost of the proposed STP and sewerage work Bithoor Town, Kanpur.
Table 3-7 Abstract of Cost of Works Proposed STP
S.No. Description Estimated Cost

(Rs in Lakhs)
A Basic Cost
1 Sewer Laying in zone-I 3094.24
2 Sewer Laying in zone-II 558.13
3 Estimate for use of treated sewage
(a) Network for agriculture Purpose 185.00
(b) Check dam in adjacent ravine for storage of 304.00

excess effluent for non-demand period
4 Sewage Pumping Station including rising main in 333.00

zone-I
5 Sewage Pumping Station including rising main in 143.00

S.No. Description Estimated Cost

(Rs in Lakhs)
zone-II
6 Estimate for lift station at Laxman Ghat Nala 79.95
7 Estimate of lift station at Peswa Nala 79.95
8 Estimate of WSP based 2.6mtd S.T.P anaerobic, 130.00

facultative aerobic followed by agro forestry
9 Estimate of construction of boundary wall for STP 210.00

land
10 Estimate of railway crossing by trenchless method 110.00

(2 Nos.)
11 Estimate of Hiring of Godown 18.00
Sub Total (A) 5,245.27
B Charges
1 Cost of Project Preparation @4% as per the 216.01

NGRBA guidelines (Maximum)
2 Cost of Supervision of Project @4% as per NGRBA 216.01

Guidelines (Maximum)
Sub Total (B) 432.02
C Cost of Work on which no charges will admissible
1 Communication and Public Outreach 12.00
2 GAAP 5.00
3 Cost of sewer cleaning equipment’s 70.00
4 ESAMP 35.00
5 Power Connection and allied works 93.00
Sub Total (C) 215.00
D Operation and Maintenance
1 Operation and Maintenance for first 5 years of 157.64

commissioning of project
Sub Total (D) 157.64
Grand Total (A+B+C+D) 6049.23 say

60.0 crore

4.0 REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

4.1. Applicable Laws and Regulations – Environmental
The following laws and regulations are applicable to the environmental and social aspects of
the investments implemented under the programme:
 Policy and Regulatory Framework of Government of India (GoI)
 Environmental Policy and Regulations of the respective State Governments
 Legislations applicable to construction activities
Legal Framework of Government of India

The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations
pertaining to environment. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is umbrella legislation for
the protection of environment. As per this Act, the responsibility to administer the legislation
has been jointly entrusted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs).
Key Environmental Laws and Regulations

The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the projects under the NGRBP are
given in Table 4-1. The key environmental regulations can also be accessed at
www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations
Table 4-1 Environmental Regulations and Legislations
S. Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Authority

No Yes/ No
1 Environment To protect and improve Yes MoEF, Gol, DoE,
Protection Act- overall environment State Gov. CPCB,
1986 SPCB
2 Environmental To provide No MoEF, EIAA

Impact environmental
2. Notification
Assessment clearance to new
14th Sep-2006 development activities
following environmental
impact
assessment
3 Municipal To manage the Yes MoEF, EIAA,
Wastes(Managem collection, CPCB, SPCBs
and
ent Handling) transportation,
2000
Rules, segregation, treatment, and
disposal of
municipal solid wastes
4 Coastal Regulation Protection of fragile No
Zone(CRZ) coastal belt
Notification 1991
(2002)
5 The Land Set out rule for Yes Revenue
Acquisition Act acquisition of land by Department State
(As
1894amended in government Government
1985)
6 The Forest To check deforestation No Forest
(Conservation) Act. by restricting Department, State

No Yes/ No
1980 conversion of forested Government and
areas into non- Ministry of
forested areas Environment and
Forests,
Government of
India
7 Wild Life To protect wildlife No Chief Conservator
Act 1972
Protection through certain of Wildlife, Wildlife
National Parks and Wing, State Forest
Sanctuaries Department and
Ministry of
Environment and
Forests,
Government of
India
8 Air (Prevention and To control air Yes SPCBs
Control of pollution by
Act), 1981
Pollution) controlling emission of air
pollutants as per the
prescribed
standards.
9 Water (Prevention To control water Yes SPCBs
and Control of pollution by
Pollution) Act1974 controlling discharge of
pollutants as per the
prescribed standards
10 The Noise The standards for noise for Yes SPCBs
Pollution day and night have been
(Regulation and promulgated by the MoEF
Control) Rules, for various land uses.
2000
11 Ancient Conservation of cultural No Archaeological
Monuments and and historical remains Department Gol,
Archaeological found in India Indian Heritage
Sites and Remains Society and Indian
Act1958 National Trust for
Art and Culture
Heritage (INTACH).
12 Public Liability and Protection form hazardous No SPCBs
Insurance Act materials and accidents.
1991
13 Explosive Act 1984 Safe transportation, storage No Chief Controller of

and use of explosive Explosives
material
14 Minor Mineral and For opening new quarry. Yes District Collector
concession Rules
15 Central Motor To check vehicular air and Yes Motor Vehicle

Vehicle Act 1988 noise pollution. Department


No Yes/ No
16 National Forest To maintain ecological No Forest Department,
Policy, 1988 stability through State Government
preservation and and Ministry of
restoration of biological Environment and
diversity. Forests,
Government of
India
17 The Mining Act The mining act has been No Department of

notified for safe and sound mining, State
mining activity. Government
4.2. Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social

All strategic interventions on human development, spread across all social issues, need
directives of policies and legal support to operationalize the appropriate actions. These
policies and legislations help to overcome the constraints and support administrator,
implementer, community and individual in delivery of justice. This section includes the
National policies and Acts as detailed under:
National Policies and Acts
 Forest Rights Act, 2006
 The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation

and Resettlement (Amendment) Second Ordinance, 2015. (Annux-V)
Forest Rights Act 2006

The Act basically does two things:
 Grants legal recognition to the rights of traditional forest dwelling communities, partially
correcting the injustice caused by the forest laws.
 Makes a beginning towards giving communities and the public a voice in forest and
wildlife conservation
4.3. RIGHT TO FAIR COMPENSATION AND TRANSPARENCY IN LAND

ACQUISITION, REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ACT, 2013
This law has been enacted to ensure, in consultation with institutions of local self-government
and Gram Sabhas established under the Constitution, a humane, participative, informed and
transparent process for land acquisition for industrialization, development of essential
infrastructural facilities and urbanization with the least disturbance to the owners of the land
and other affected families and provide just and fair compensation to the affected families
whose land has been acquired or proposed to be acquired or are affected by such acquisition
and make adequate provisions for such affected persons for their rehabilitation and
resettlement and for ensuring that the cumulative outcome of compulsory acquisition should
be that affected persons become partners in development leading to an improvement in their
post-acquisition social and economic status and for matters connected therewith or incidental
thereto.
No private land is proposed to be acquired for this project. The land required for construction
of STP belongs to the Nagar Panchayat and that for the Sewage Pumping Stations to the UP
Irrigation department. In view of above, this Act is not applicable for this project.
Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement

and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (Not Applicable):
Table no 4.2
Comparative analysis of RFCTLAR&R, 2013 and World Bank OP 4.12.
Serial Topics/Issues/Areas World Bank OP4.12 RFCTLAR&R, 2013
No.
1 Application of LA Direct economic and social Section 2 Applicable to projects where
impacts that both result government acquires land for its own use,
from Bank- assisted hold and control, including PSU and for
investment projects. public purpose; for PPP where ownership
Applies to all components of land continues to vest with govt; private
of the project that result in companies where 80% of land owners1
involuntary resettlement, have given consent or 70% in case of
regardless of the source of PPP.
financing.
Principle of Involuntary resettlement Alternatives to be considered as Act in

avoidance should be avoided where chapter II, point # 4 (d) says "extent of
feasible, or minimized, land proposed for acquisition is the
exploring all viable absolute bare minimum needed for the
alternative project design project; and (e) says land acquisition at an
alternate place has been considered and
found not feasible.
Linkages with other No such provision
projects
2 Application of R&R Same as above In addition to the above, Section 2(3) land
purchased by private company as
prescribed by Govt. or when part acquired
by govt
3 Affected area Involuntary take of land Section3(b): Area notified for ‘acquisition’
resulting in loss of shelter,
loss of assets or access to
assets, loss of income
sources or means of
livelihood
4 Family All adversely affected Section 3(m) includes person, his and her
people whether have spouse, minor children, minor brothers
formal legal rights or do not and sisters dependent.
have formal legal rights on Widows, divorcees, abandoned women
land will be considered as separate family.
5 Affected family for Section 3 (a): whose land and other
eligibility immovable property acquired.
(b)&(e): Family residing in affected area
such as labourers, tenants, dependent on
forest and water bodies, etc whose
primary source of livelihood is affected
due to acquisition
(c)Scheduled tribes and other forest
dwellers whose rights recognized under
the Forest Dwellers Act 2006.
(f) Family assigned land by state or
central government under any schemes
(g) Family residing on any land in urban
area that will be acquired or primary
source of livelihood affected by
acquisition.
6 Cut-Off date Date established by the Section 3 c (ii), (iv) (vi): Families residing
borrower and acceptable to for preceding 3 yrs or more prior to
the Bank. In practice it is “acquisition of land”.
the date of census.
7 Non-application of Stand-alone SIA for all Section 6(2): Irrigation projects where
Chapter II investments EIA is required under other laws,
provisions of SIA not applicable.
7 Consultation – Consultation a continuous Section 4(1) date issued for first
Phase I during process during planning consultation with PRIs, Urban local
preparation and implementation bodies, Municipalities, etc to carry out
SIA.
Section 5: Public hearing of SIA in
affected area. Provide adequate publicity
of date and time.
8 Time duration to Draft Social Assessment, Section 4 (2): within six months from
prepare SIA and Resettlement Action Plan the date of its commencement.
SIMP and or Social Management
Framework prepared
before appraisal.
9 Disclosure – Stage I To be disclosed before Section 6(1): Translated in local language
appraisal and 120 days available in PRI institutions and local
before board date. urban government bodies; district
administrative offices and websites of
concerned government agency.
10 Formation of Expert Appraised by Bank staff Section 7(1): Constitute a multi-
Group to appraise disciplinary Expert Group include
SIA and SIMP members of decentralized govt Institutes
(PRIs, ULBs).
11 Time stipulated for Before the decision Section 7(4): Submit its report within two
Group to submit its meeting months from the date of its
report for appraisal constitution
12 Scope of work of the Social Assessment, Section 7 (4) (a&b): assess whether it
Expert group resettlement action Plan serves any public purpose or not; if social
reviewed and appraised by costs outweigh potential benefit then
Bank staff and approved by should be abandoned;
Regional safeguard advisor Section 7 (5) (a&b): if serves public
purpose, then it has considered minimum
land acquisition, and alternate
options to minimize displacement;
potential benefits outweigh social costs
13 Consultation – In practice consultation Section 2 (2): Prior consent of 80% and
Phase II during workshops are organized in 70% of land owners in PPP and where
appraisal project affected areas at private company has approached the govt
district and state level. to acquire balance land has been
obtained,
14 Disclosure – Stage II Information dissemination Section 7 (6): recommendations of expert

through the planning and group under 7(4&5)to be made public in
implementation local language in district and block
administrative office and PRIs
15 Minimize impact on Select feasible design that Section 10: In case multi-crop
multi-crop land has land is to be acquired under
minimal adverse impact. exceptional circumstances, the
area to be acquired cannot
exceed aggregate of land of all
projects in district or state. The
area to be acquired cannot

exceed the total net sown area
of the district or state.
Wasteland equivalent to twice
the area acquired will be
developed.
16 Information Continuous part of the Section 11 (1), (2) & (3): Notice
dissemination of preparation and published in local language
preliminary notice participation and meetings called of gram
sabahs, municipalities to
provide full information about
the purpose of the project,
summary of SIA and
particulars of administrator
appointed for R&R’ summary
of R&R scheme
17 Updating land To be part of RAP Section 11 (5): Once established that the
records land is required for public purpose,
accordingly notice to be issued
under section 19 following
which land records to be
updated within two months
18 Census and To be part of RAP Section 16 (1) (2): carry out
preparation of R&R census of affected people and
schemes their assets to be affected,
livelihood loss and common
property to be affected; R&R
scheme including time line for
implementation.
19 Information Section 16(4)&(5): mandatory
dissemination and to disseminate information on
Public hearing - R&R scheme including
Stage III resettlement area and organize
public hearing on the Draft
R&R scheme in each Gram
Consultation throughout Sabha, Municipality and
the process is mandatory consultations in Scheduled
area as required under PESA.
20 Approval of R&R Section 17 & 18: Draft R&R
Scheme Scheme to be finalized after
addressing objections raised
during public hearing and
approved.
21 Final declaration of Approved RAP including Section 19 (2): Only after the
R&R Scheme budgetary provisions to requiring body has deposited
implement it the money will the govt issue
the notice along with 19(1).
22 Time period To be included in RAP - Section 19 (2): the entire
stipulated. Time process to update land
line synchronized with records, disseminate
Government’s procedures information, preliminary
or survey, census, hearing of
adopts innovative methods objections, preparation of R&R
to schemes and approval, deposit
reduce the time which is of money must complete
based within 12 months from the
operated on the principles date on which section 11, the
of preliminary notice issued.
participation and Section 19 (7): If the final
transparency. declaration not made within

12 months of section 11 (1),
the process will lapse, except
under special circumstances.
23 Preparation of land Section 20: Land marked, measured for
acquisition plans preparation of acquisition plans.
24 Hearing of claims Section 21(1) (2): Notices issued
indicating govt’s intension to take
possession of
land, and claims on compensation and
R&R can be made not less than one
month and not more than six month
from the date of issue of section 21(1).
25 Time period To be included in RAP. Section 25: It is required to announce the
stipulated for award within 12months of issue of
declaring the award Section 19 (final declaration to acquire
land, approved R&R scheme) after
completing land acquisition plans, hearing
of objection, settling individual claims for
declaration of the award. If award not
made
within the stipulated time, the entire
proceedings will lapse.
26 LA Act 1984 deem Section 24: where award is notdeclared
to lapse and under section 11, or where made five
RFCTLAR&R is years ago butland not taken in possession
applicable or
where award declared but money not
deposited in the account of majority of
beneficiary.
27 Methodology for Full replacement Cost Section 26 and First Schedule:
determining market Recognizes 3 methods and whichever is
value for land higher will be considered which will be
multiplied by a factor given in Schedule
First; compensation given earlier will not
be
considered; if rates not available floor
price can be set; steps to be taken to
update the
market value.
28 Valuation of Full Replacement cost Section 29 (1) without deducting the
structures depreciated value.
29 Solarium and Section 30(1) 100% of the compensation

interest amount Section 30(3): 12% per annum
on the market rate from the date of
notification of SIA to the date of ward or
land taken over
30 R&R Award Total cost included in RAP Section 31, Second Schedule: A family
to resettle and rehabilitate as a unit will receive R&R grant over and
the affected persons and above the compensation and those who
assist in their efforts to are not entitled to compensation.
improve their livelihoods Second Schedule: Homeless entitled to
and standards of living or constructed house, land for land in
at least to restore them, in irrigation projects in lieu of compensation,
real terms, to in case of acquisition for urbanization 20%
predisplacement of developed land reserved for owners at
levels or to levels prevailing a prices equal to compensation’ jobs or
prior to the beginning of one time payment or annuity for 20 years’
project implementation, subsistence grant, transportation, land

whichever is higher and house registered on joint name
husband and wife, etc
31 Transparency Section 37(1): Information of each
individual family including loss,
compensation awarded, etc will be
available on the website.
32 Possession of land Taking of land and related Section 38(1): Land will be
assets may take place only taken over by the government
after compensation has within three months of
been compensation and 6 months of
paid and, where applicable, R&R benefits disbursed;
resettlement sites and infrastructure facilities at
moving resettlement sites will be
allowances have been completed within 18 months
provided to the displaced from the date of award made
persons. under section 30 for
compensation; in case of
irrigation and hydle projects
R&R completed six months
prior to submergence.
33 Multiple Section 39: Additional
displacement compensation equivalent to
compensation determined will
be paid to displaced
34 Acquisition for Not permeable in bank Section 40 (5): 75% additional
emergency purpose funded projects compensation will be paid
over and above the
compensation amount
35 Prior consent before Mandatory to carry out Section 41(3) Mandatory to get
acquisition and Free, consent from Gram sabah,
alienation Prior, Informed Panchayat, Autonomous
Consultation Councils in Scheduled areas.
with Indigenous people.
36 Development plans Indigenous Peoples’ Section 41: Separatedevelopment plans
for SC and ST Development plan required to beprepared, settle land rights before
along with RAP. acquisition; provision of for alternate fuel
Land for land for is an fodder, non-timber produce on forest land
option to be developed within 5 years; 1/3rd
across all sectors. compensation amount to be paid as first
installment and rest at the time of taking
possession; ST to be resettled within
Scheduled area; land free of cost for
community purpose; land alienation will be
null and void and ST and SC considered
for R&R benefits; fishing rights restored in
irrigation and hydle projects; if wish to
settle outside the district additional
benefits to
be provided in monetary terms; all rights
enjoyed under other laws will continue.
Second Schedule: additional provisions
for SC&ST for land for land in irrigation
projects, additional sum over and above
the subsistence grant,
37 Institutional Institutional arrangement Section 43-45: Appointment
arrangement must be agreed upon and of administrator, R&R
included in RAP, IPDP. Commissioner, when more
than 100 acres of land is to be

acquired, R&R Committee will
be formed at project level,
social audit to be carried out
by Gram Sabha and
Municipalities.
38 Change of land use Section 46(4): Land will not be
transferred to the requisitioning authority
till R&R is not complied with in full
39 Monitoring and Indicators and monitoring Section 48-50:Set up National
Evaluation system included in RAP and State level Monitoring
and IPDP Committee to review and
monitor progress
40 Authority to settle Section 51-74: the Authority
claims will be set up settle any legal
disputes that arise from
acquisition and R&R, the
aggrieved party can move to
the high court thereafter.
41 Exempt from tax Section 96: Compensation and

and fee agreements will not be liable
to tax
42 No change in status Section 99: Once the land is

of land acquired acquired for a particular
purpose, its purpose cannot be
changed
43 Return of unutilized Section 101: If the acquired

land land remains unutilized for 5
years, then it will be returned
to original owner, heir or
included in land bank
44 Distribution of Section102: 40% of appreciated

increased value of value of acquired land will be
land transferred distributed to owners
provided no development has
taken place.
4.4. UP Land Purchase through Mutual Agreement Policy 2015
Depending upon the cost of the Land to be purchased for the project a committee is to be
constituted like if the total land to be purchased is below Rs. 10 Cr. then a committee will be
constituted under Chairmanship of ADM (Finance and Revenue) and Member Secretary from the
concerned department. Purchase Committee will decide cost of Land and will submit for approval of
the District Magistrate. Cost of land is evaluated based on following factors:
 Cost of Land adjoining to the identified land six months before the approval of the project
taking into consideration sale deeds and Circle Rate as per Indian Stamp Act 1899
 Assets on Land, assessment to be carried out by the concerned department

 In case of immediate possession of land, Valuation of Agriculture, trees etc.
 Cost of land to be assessed on its distance from Settlements
 Additional support in case land owner has to incur due to change his job or profession due
to purchase of land
 Land will not be purchased more than twice the rates in urban areas and Four times the
rates in rural area of Market price or Circle rate, whichever is higher.
Details of the policy is at Annexure is at Annexure VI.
4.5. Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP

Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The
construction agencies therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which include
inter alia, the following:
 Workmen's Compensation Act 1923 (the Act provides for compensation in case of injury
by accident arising out of and during the course of employment);
 Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on
satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years);
 Employees PF and Miscellaneous Provision Act 1952 (the Act provides for monthly
contributions by the employer plus workers);
 Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 (the Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women
employees in case of confinement or miscarriage, etc.);
 Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (the Act provides for certain welfare
measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour);
 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (the employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum
Wages fixed by the Government as per provisions of the Act);
 Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (it lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid,
when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers);
Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 (the Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of
equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female
employees);
 Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (the Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a
minimum of 83.3% of wages and maximum of 20% of wages);
 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (the Act lays down the machinery and procedure for
resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and
what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the
establishment);
 Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act; 1946 (the Act provides for laying down
rules governing the conditions of employment);
 Trade Unions Act, 1926 (the Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions
of workers and employers. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given
certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities);
 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (the Act prohibits employment of
children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for
regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment
of child labour is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry);
 Inter-State Migrant Workmen"s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service)

Act, 1979 (the inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to which this Act becomes
applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid,
travelling expenses from home to the establishment and back, etc.);
 The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions
of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 (all the establishments who carry on any
building or other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are covered under
this Act; the employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the
building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid
facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the workplace, etc.);
 The Factories Act, 1948 (the Act lays down the procedure for approval of plans before
setting up a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours and
rendering information-regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated
authorities);
 Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (the Rules govern handling,
movement and disposal of hazardous waste);
 Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989.

5.0 BASELINE STATUS

5.1. Introduction
The baseline environmental and social status is important to understand the region's existing
physical and biological characteristics along with cultural and social status of the residing
community. Information and data presented in this section is based on field surveys, stake-
holder interaction/consultation and secondary data collection which majorly include the
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of proposed sewerage work, report by Nagar Nigam, Water/
Air/ Noise quality monitoring report, City census data and others. The information on the
baseline environmental conditions forms the basis to analyse the probable impacts of the
proposed project vis-à-vis the present background environmental quality of the core study
area.
5.2. Project Influence Area

In general 5 km from the project boundary of the STP area and the lateral area through which
sewer line passes have been considered as Project Influence Area. Within this project
influence area the mostly consisits of built up or open area There is no such natural sensitive
area observed within the project influence area. However man made sensitive locations like
temples along the Ghats, School, hospital, health centres and some old buildings are
observed. The figure showing general study area has been shown in the figure below.
Figure 5-1 General study area of the project.

5.3. Environment and Social screening:

The details of environment and social screening details is shown in table 5.1 as given below:
Table 5-1 Screening Checklist Format as per NGRBA ESMF
Environment and Social information format for screening
Project Title: Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & BID Documents;
Tendering for Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Project
of Bithoor Town, Kanpur City: Under NGRBA
Implementing agency: Ganga Pollution Control Unit, Uttar Pradesg Jal Nigam
Project cost: INR 60.0 Crore
Project components: Two Pumping Station (MPS), Sewer Line of 32 km, House Sewer
Connections, Two Rising Main; STP of capacity 2.6 MLD based on Waste Stabilisation
Pond Technology
Summary of Existing Bithoor Town, Kanpur City: The project area of thi project is
Bithoor town, which is situated at the bank of River Ganga on the Kanpur-Kannauj road
approx. 25 kms from the main city Kanpur. There is no sewerage system in the town.
Assessment of Explanatory note for

Sr. Screening Criteria
category (High/ low) categorization
No.
There are no environmental

Is the project in an eco-
sensitive areas in the proposed
sensitive area or adjoining
project area. Further the small
an eco-sensitive area?
1 No residential parks and road side
(Yes/No) If Yes, which
trees will not be affected, since
is the area? Elaborate
the sewers will not pass through
impact accordingly.
these areas.
 STP has been planned to be

setup on a Government
land. The required land
(7.05 ha) for STP has been
provided by the District
Land acquisition resulting
Administration, Kanpur
in loss of income from
Nagar. Whereas land parcel
2.1 agricultural land, No
for sewage pumping
plantation or other existing
stations (2 X 900 sq.m.) has
land-use.
been provided by Chairman,
Town Area of Bithoor.
 Also there exist no squatters

or encroachers in and
around the premises who


Screening Criteria
Sr. category (High/ low) categorization
No.
could get affected by the

project.
Loss of livelihood is not

expected since there is no
2.2 Loss of livelihood No affected shops or other means.
No Major Land acquisition

required and no relocation of
households required since
identified plots of land do not
have any habitations or
settlements. Thus, no relocation
of household require for this
Land acquisition resulting package.
2.3 in relocation of No social impacts
households. The locations of STP as
proposed on vacant site thus no
habitation/ household relocation
is required.
Also there exist no squatters or

encroachers in and around the
premises which will be affected.
Any reduction of access to

traditional and river
dependent communities No access problem likely to be
2.4 No social impacts
(to river and areas where there to river
they earn for their primary
or substantial livelihood).
Any displacement or
There are no tribal settlements in
2.5 adverse impact on tribal No social impacts
the project area.
settlement(s).
No gender issues were reported

2.6 Any specific gender issues No social impacts
during survey
The tree/ vegetation cover in

Clearance of vegetation/ No environmental
3.1 areas are aligned along the road
tree-cover impacts
sides and will not be affected.


Screening Criteria
No.
Possibility of temporary flushing

away of un-managed spoils and
construction wastes during
Direct discharge of
rainfall to river Ganga via storm
construction runoff,
water drains.
improper storage and
disposal of excavation Limited &
3.2 If not appropriately managed,
spoils, wastes and other Temporary
there may be potential for
construction materials temporary effect on storm water
adversely affecting water
flows by obstruction to flows and
quality and flow regimes.
blockage of drains, especially
during rainfall. This may cause
floods.
For sewerage works in the entire

area, flooding could be an issue
during the monsoons, especially
Limited &
3.3 Flooding of adjacent areas in the low lying areas. This issue
Temporary
may further aggravate due to
blocked drains and poor solid
waste management in the city.
The storage of construction

related material will not cause
any contamination since these
materials would typically include:
Concrete, pipes, masonry,
rubber pipes.
The project area have some

importantl Ghats. However these
areas will not be affected as
sewer lines are not planned to be
Improper storage and laid through any of these areas.
handling of substances Limited &
3.4
leading to contamination Temporary However, with other finer
of soil and water materials such as construction
powders, fluids and greases, if
not appropriately managed or in
the event of an accident, there
may be potential for temporary
contamination of the river Ganga
via the various drains and nallas,
during rainfall.
If construction material will not be

handled appropriately, it may
affect agricultural lands minutely.


Screening Criteria
No.
For sewage works, construction

is likely to increase dust and
noise levels temporarily.
Temporary impacts may

especially be felt at educational
Elevated noise and dust Limited & facilities like schools/colleges (
3.5
emission Temporary GS memorial public school, GIC
Inter College, Law College, ram
Janki Inter College, Vibha
Medical Centre, Eye Hospital,
etc), cultural/religious centers
including all temples, mosques,
in the region.
Traffic disruption can be expected

in some areas due to
transportation of material of
Disruption to traffic Limited &
3.6 construction. However, the area
movements Temporary
being a low density area there will
not be any major impact in traffic
movement.
If not appropriately managed,

temporarily affecting the existing
public utilities like water supply,
Damage to existing telephone, electricity cables etc.
Limited &
3.7 infrastructure, public
Temporary However, in the proposed
utilities, amenities etc.
scheme, there is a proper
relocation of all utilities like
telecom, water line, electricity, etc
is provisioned.
From field visits and as per

JNNURM project (Water Supply
scheme) reinstatement of
dismantled roads after filling and
proper compaction was
Failure to restore
Limited & observed.
3.8 temporary construction
Temporary
sites Although temporary, concerns
regarding failure to restore
construction sites including
failure to close and appropriately
fence-off open pits were cited as
safety concerns especially for


Screening Criteria
No.
children.
For the laying of sewer works,

there will be temporary disruption
to the local community in terms
of access to roads, (especially in
dense areas and narrow roads),
shops and residences.
Possible conflicts with
Limited &
3.9 and/or disruption to local
Temporary Conflicts/ disruption to local
community
community was inferred as limited
based on survey responses which
indicated the community's ability
to adapt to temporary disruptions,
and their overall preference for
the project.
There may be health risks to the

labourers if hygienic condition is
not maintained at work place.
Health risks due to
Limited &
3.10 unhygienic conditions at However, in the proposed
Temporary
workers' camps project, there is a provision of
adequate facilities for proper
health and hygienic condition at
work place.
From field visits and as per

Water Supply project practices
for safety precautions such as
fencing-off construction areas,
sign posts etc. were observed.
Safety hazards during Limited &
3.11
construction Temporary If not appropriately managed,
temporary hazards such as
injuries and damage to property
during the construction phase.
Due to the construction of sewer

lines, raw sewage that currently
flows into the river and/ or
Limited &
4.1 Flooding of adjacent areas overflows into the streets.
Temporary
However, accidental leakages
during the operational stage may
lead to flooding and possible

Screening Criteria
No.
contamination of groundwater.
Additionally, overloading and
blockage of sewage lines will
also lead to backlogging of
sewers and flooding of branch
sewers.
There will be a significant

Impacts to water quality improvement in water quality due
4.2 No social impacts
due to effluent discharge to effluent discharge being
treated.
There will be reduction in gas

emissions from open sewage
4.3 Gas emissions No social impacts drains since the proposed
sewage networks will be
underground.
There will be minimum safety

4.4 Safety hazards No social impacts hazards since the sewer lines will
be underground.
Do projects of this nature /

type require prior Project such as these have an
environmental clearance overall positive impact for the
either from the MOEF environment and society.
or from a relevant
5 No clearance required
state Government Hence no clearance would be
department? (MOEF/ required under the
relevant State Environmental Impact
Government department/ Assessment Notification, 2006.
No clearance at all)
As the project is in urban

provinces and does not require
any forest land of tree-cutting,
hence no prior clearance is
Does the project involve
required from relevant authorities
any prior clearance from
(MoEF and State Forest
the MOEF or State Forest
departments) under the Forest
6 department for either the No clearance required
(Conservation) Act, 1980.
conversion of forest land
or for tree-cutting? There may be requirement of
(Yes/No). If yes which? trimming of some trees for
providing accessible pathway to
the excavators and other
construction vehicles but same
need no consent/ approval of any


Screening Criteria
No.
of these dept.
Please attach
photographs and
location maps along
Attached along with
7 with this completed
the report
Environmental
Information Format
For Screening.
The project involves construction

of only 32 km sewer line, two
pumping stations and a STP
8 Overall Assessment Low based on waste stabilisation pond
technology. The area being a low
density area disruption to normal
public life will be minimal.
Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the
NGRBA, the present project of Sewerage work in Bithoor Town, Kanpur City falls under low
impact category.
5.4. Baseline Condition of Project Surrounding Area
Topography
Bithoor Town, Kanpur is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. A characteristic of the
geography of Bithoor Town is its proximity to Ganga rivers. The area lies in the Ganga basin
which is formed of alluvium of the early quaternary period. There is no hard or consolidated
rock exposures are encountered. The main constituents (sand, silt and clay) of alluvium occur
in variable proportions in different sections.
Climate
The climate of town varies hot dry in summer to cold in winter. The maximum and minimum
mean temperature varies in between 41°C and 8.5°C. The summer begins in April and peaks
in June/July with the temperature soaring up to 41 °C till the moisture laden monsoon wind
bring some much-needed relief to the parched fields. The rains last through August &
September and continue into early October. The yearly rainfall is 632 mm whereas the
average rainfall during monsoon is 177 mm. The monthly average wind speed varies from 6.0
kmph to 13.4 kmph. The relative humidity varies from 22% to 87%.
Table 5-2 Climatological Normal of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at Kanpur
Month Temperature (oC) Monthly Humidity (%)

total
Maximum Minimum rainfall 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs
mm
January 22.7 8.5 21.1 79 50

February 26.4 11.3 12.5 66 38
March 32.5 16.6 6.2 52 29
April 38.3 22.0 4.5 37 23
May 41.4 26.5 9.8 37 22
June 40.1 28.7 65.4 54 39
July 34.3 26.7 229.8 80 68
August 32.2 25.9 289.5 87 77
September 33.0 24.9 124.4 81 68
October 32.7 20.2 60.7 69 54
November 29.0 13.2 1.0 65 46
December 24.2 8.9 7.7 76 50
Source: India Metrological Department data from 1951-1976
Geomorphology & Soils
Bithoor Town, Kanpur district is a part of the Indo-Gangetic alluvium, which separates Extra-
Peninsular regions on the north from the Peninsular region on the south. The level plain is
known to be the outcome of a granular filling of a great depression with alluvial sediments
since Middle Pleistocene times. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the Ganga
has a monotonously flat relief. The area is underlain by unconsolidated formation which is
quarternary to Upper quarternary of age group. Lithologically, the district is made up of recent
alluvium, clay, silt, sand, gravel pebbles with concentration of calcareous materials. The
presence of kankar (nodules of CaCO3) and fine sand at places render the top clay zone
semi-pervious in nature. The area under study is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary
age. The quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement.
Soils in Bithoor usually comprises a layer of clay on the top surface. Thick sandy horizon
occurs beneath the top clay layer having sufficiently large thickness. The soil in this area,
represents older aluvium. In general the Calcareous Alluvium has higher potential of binding
of molecules than the newer alluvium or acidic alluvium and hence the chance of erosion in
Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than acidic alluvium. Chemical analysis study of
the soil has been presented in the Table 5.2 below:
Table 5-3 Quality of Soil Sample
Parameter Unit Results

1 pH - 8.85(1:5) 26⁰C
2 Texture - Sandy loam
3 Sand % 45-55
4 Silt % 25-35
5 Clay % 21-25
6 Bulk density g/cc 1.21- 1.28
7 WHC % 44- 51
8 OM % 1.1 1.2
9 N mg/kg 220-235
10 P mg/kg 8-12
11 K mg/kg 100-115
Source: Laboratory Analysis
Seismicity
The project area falls in seismic zone – IV as per the BIS (1893, Part-1, 2002) category of
seismic zoning map of India.
Ground Water Scenario

The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has established a network of observation wells
under National Hydrograph Network (HNS) programme to ascertain fluctuation and quality of
groundwater in the Kanpur district. There are about 11 HNS monitoring locations identified
and being monitored every year regularly during January, May, August and November. During
pre-monsoon season, the minimum and maximum water levels were observed as 11.40 and
10.04 m bgl respectively in the observatory dug well at Bithoor town. There is no no over
exploited or critical blocks in the town. .
The ground water of the area is colourless, odourless and slightly alkaline in nature. The
Electrical conductance ranges from 470-1560 μ/cm at 250C. The Fluoride is within the
permissible range from 0.47-0.96 mg/l. Phosphate is found nil in the area. It is observed that
quality of water is good for drinking, domestic and all other purposes.
Ambient Air Quality

Air quality is a measure of the condition of air relative to the requirements of one or more
biotic species and/or to any human need or purpose. Air quality in Bithoor is better than
Kanpur city because of less traffic and almost zero industrialization, RSPM, SO2, NO2 &
Ambient Air quality is well with in UPPCB/CPCB stipulated standards. Ambient air quality has
been shown in figure 5.2-5.4.
Table 5-4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report
Period of PM 10 SO2 NO2

Location
3 3
Monitoring (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m3)
Primary School, Laxmi 13.11.2013 -
62 5.5 9.0
Bai Nagar 12.12.2013
Eye Hospital, 13.11.2013 -
Maharishi Balmiki 12.12.2013 54 5.2 8.3
Nagar
13.11.2013 -
Brahm Nagar 59 6.7 13.0
12.12.2013
Limit as per CPCB notification, New Delhi,

100 80 80
18th Nov, 2009. for Ambient air quality
Source Laboratory reports

Figure 5-2 Concentration of SO2 in Bithoor Town
Figure 5-3 Concentration of NO2 in Bithoor town

Figure 5-4 Concentration of RSPM in Bithoor Town
Noise, Environment
Noise, in general is sound that is composed of many frequency components of variance
loudness distributed over that audible frequency range Since, Bithoor is less developed, less
transportation and little commercials activities, there is not much noise. Sound level in town in
terms of DB is well within stipulated limits. Noise quality has been shown in Figure 5.5.
Table 5-5 Noise quality monitoring report
Sampling Location Day Night

(6 am to 10 pm) (10 pm to 6 am)
L10 L90 Leq L10 L90 Leq
dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A)
Primary School, Laxmi Bai Nagar 48.4 39.3 44.7 38.2 33.1 35.6
Eye Hospital, Maharishi Balmiki Nagar 50.7 41.3 46.8 40.4 33.8 36.9
Brahm Nagar 52.4 40.7 46.6 41.3 34.6 36.7

Figure 5-5 Noise Level in Bithoor Town
Surface Water
The river Ganga is within 1.0 km distance of the project site. The Central pollution control
board regularly monitor river water quality at Bithoor Town, Kanpur Stretch. To study the
water quality of River Ganga, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has set up water
quality monitoring stations on the main river. CPCB water quality monitoring stations has
been shown in figure 5.6
Figure 5-6 Map showing CPCB monitoring stations in the river Ganga in Uttar Pradesh
It is observed that Ganga river water quality at Bithoor is ‘badly’ polluted in terms of BOD load
as per CPCB water quality categorisation. The dissolved oxygen concentration complies with
standards but BOD and Faecal Coliform concentration does not conform to CPCB standards.
BOD as well as Faecal Coliform shows an increasing trend. The Ganga river water quality
trend in the Bithoor Town, Kanpur stretch as conducted by CPCB has been shown in the
Figure 5-77 to Figure 5-99.
Figure 5-7 Ganga river water quality trend at Bithoor Town in terms Dissolved Oxygen
Figure 5-8 Ganga river water quality trend at Bithoor Town in terms BOD
Figure 5-9 Ganga river water quality trend at Bithoor Town in terms Faecal Coliform
The water quality monitoring in the upstream and downstream of Bithoor has also been
conducted by Ganga Pollution Control Unit, UPJN (Table 5.5). as per the monitoring report
the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels at both the stations were found to above the
permissible limit of 3.0 mg/l for outdoor bathing waters and also above 2.0 mg/l limit for the
drinking water standard, as set by the Indian Standard code. However, the water quality
parameter of dissolved oxygen (DO) seems within permissible limits. The minimum DO levels
for water as per the Indian standard code ranges from 4.0-6.0 mg/l for drinking and bathing
respectively. The river Ganga water quality in the upstream and downstream of Bithoor town
has been depicted in Table 5.5 and Figure 5.10.
Table 5-6 Ganga River water quality at Upstream and downstream of Bithoor town.
Location pH COD BOD TSS DO TDS
Ganga River (Up stream 7.5 32 3.6 40 7.8 135

Bithoor)
Ganga River (Down stream 7.7 54 4.2 45 6.7 275

Bithoor)
Figure 5-10 Ganga river water quality at upstream and downstream of Bithoor Town.
The major source of pollution load at Ganga in Bithoor town is domestic sewage. In the
absence of sewerage system in the town domestic sewage is discharged directly through
open drains. There are seven nos of open drains which discharge domestic sewage directly
to the river Ganga. To study the waste water characteristics drain water quality monitoring
was conducted by the Ganga Pollution Control Unit, UPJN. All the Nalas were found to be
severely polluted in terms of organic load as well as suspended solids (Table 5.6 and Figure
5.11). Dissolved oxygen was found nil in all Nalas whereas BOD load was found to vary from
89 mg/l to 155 mg/l. Total dissolved solids varies from 845 mg/l to 1225 mg/l. In terms of
organic load Kalwari Ghat was found to be most polluted whereas least polluted was
Lakshman Ghat Nala among Nalas. In terms of suspended solids Lav kush Ghat Nala is most
polluted and least polluted was Bhunee Ghat Nala.
Table 5-7 Water quality Monitoring Report of Nalas discharging sewage in river Ganga.
Location pH COD BOD TSS DO TDS
Bhramha Vart Ghat Nala 8.1 260 137 460 Nil 1180
Lakshaman Ghat Nala 7.6 168 99 345 Nil 950

Lav kush Ghat Nala 8.8 218 128 495 Nil 1225
Bhunee Ghat Nala 7.6 195 102 205 Nil 845
Gudara Ghat Nala 8.2 245 96 390 Nil 1200
Kalwari Gahat Nala 7.8 325 155 415 Nil 1150
Peswa Ghat Nala 7.9 195 89 260 Nil 860
Figure 5-11 Water quality of Nalas discharging sewage in river Ganga.
Ecology and Biodiversity
Flora: The species of trees reported are mainly planted, except few species which are
naturally growing. These trees are fruit, flower and seed bearing and attract avifauna, small
mammals and reptiles. Nesting was commonly reported. Species of trees reported during
primary survey are given in Table below.

Table 5-8 List of trees reported in the project affected area
S.No Common Name Scientific Name
1. Peepal Ficus religiosa
2. Bargad Ficus benghalensis

3. Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo
4. Jamun Syzygium cumini
5. Neem Azadirachta indica
6. Sal Shorea robusta

7. Salai Boswellia serrate
8. Bahera Terminalia arjuna
9. Mango Mangifera indica

10. Kadamb Anthocephalus cadamba
11. Neem Azadirachta indica
12. Coconut Coco nucifera
13. Mango Mangifera Sp
14. Gular Ficus Glomerata

15. Palash Butea monosperma
16. Gulmohar Delonix regia
17. Kala siris Albizia lebbeck
18. Semal Bombax ceiba
19. Bair Zizyphus jujube
Fauna: To study the diversity of fauna, various survey methods were adopted. The survey
was mainly carried out at dawn and at dusk to study animal behavior and habitat. This study
period is mainly selected as animals are most active.
Secondary data was collected through interaction with the local to establish baseline study for
distribution of wild animals in the study area. No wild mammals are reported in the study area,
due to anthropogenic activity and urbanized habitat. Domestic mammals are reported in the
study area.
Avifauna:
The fauna reported in the inner buffer zone are mainly avifauna (highest diversity) followed by
mammals and reptiles. The commonly reported avifauna in the study area during primary
survey, with higher diversity are Common crow, Myna, Eagle, Sparrow, Babbler, Pigeon,
Cattle Egrets, Red Vented bulbul, Drongo, Sparrow, Indian Roller etc. During site visit higher
frequency of birds recorded in the project affected. This is mainly due to availability of nesting
habitat, discarded foods from rituals ceremony and fruits bearing trees. Table 5.8 gives the list
of avifauna reported in the town.

Table 5-9 List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone
S.No Common Name Scientific Name
1. Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus
2. Rock Pigeon Columba livia

3. Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis
4. Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus
5. Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
6. Common Crow Corvus splendene

7. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
8. Common Babbler Turdoides caudate
9. Green Bee eater Merops orientalis

10. House sparrow Passer domesticus
11. Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus
12. Egret Casmerodium albus
13. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
14. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula Krameri

15 Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis
16 Bank Myna` Acridotheres ginginianus
Migratory Birds
17 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii
18 Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
19 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis
20 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus

21 Crested lark Galerida cristata
22 Red-breasted Ficedula parva

Flycatcher
23 White-browed wagtail Motacilla madaraspatensis

Mammals:
During primary survey no wild mammals are reported in the study area. Based on secondary
information like interaction with the local, wild mammals like Indian mongoose and five
stripped squirrel are reported. Domesticated mammals like goat, sheep, dog, cow, ox, donkey
etc. are reported. These animals are domesticated for milk and other commercial purposed.
Reptiles:
Based on forest working Plan and interaction with people dwelling nearby Ghat areas, it has
been confirmed that the study area witness poor reptilian distributions. Reptiles like Rat
Snakes (Ptyas mucosus), Common Kraits (Bungarus caerulens), Indian cobra (Naja Naja)
etc. has been reported. House Geiko and Garden Lizard are directly sighted during primary
visit.
Cultural Properties
The historic town of bithoor, once famous by the Bavan Ghaton ki Nagari, (city of 52 Ghats) is
left with only 29 Ghats. Out of 29 Ghats, most beautiful is the Patthar Ghat built by the Raja
Tikaitrai. The other important Ghats of Bithoor is the Kalvari Ghat, Other notable sites at
Bithoor are the Tripura Sundri temple,Shivanda Ashram, Gyaneshwar Mahadev temple, Janki
temple, Pantha Devi temple and Sri Gayatri Dham. However, there is no important cultural
and heritage resource notified by Archaeological Survey of India around the project influence
area
Baseline Social Status

Bithoor town of District Kanpur Nagar is situated at the right bank of holy river Ganga and it is
about 25 km North west form Kanpur Nagar. Bithoor is one of the famous religious places of
North India. It has gained a great importance due to Maharishi Balmiki Asram. The history of
Bithoor has a place of distinction in the Indian folklore. It is said that Lav and Kush, sons of
Lord Rama was born in Bithoor. According to Hindu Mythology, Lord Bramha came to
Utpalaranya, Known as Bramhavarta, seat of Bramha, Later, Bramha installed a Shiv Linga
which is still worshiped as Bramheshwar-Mahadev at the principal ghat of Bithoor-
Bramhaverta Ghat. There is Dhruva Teela where Dhruva penance in order to please Lord
Bramha
Bithoor town was famous as Bavan Ghaton ki Nagari (city of 52 Ghats). Now it is left with only
29 Ghats. Main ghats are Tuta Ghat, Patkapur Ghat, Bramhaverta Ghat, Pandav Ghat,
Hanuman Ghat, Jhansi Rani Ghat, Kalvari Ghat, Maharaj Peshwa Ghat, Pathar Ghat etc.
Other important places in Bithoor are Tripura Sundari temple, Shivananda Ashram,
Gyaneshwar Mahadev temple, Pantha Dev temple and Sri Gayatri Dham.
As per census 2001, there were approximately 9652 people with 1652 nos. of households.
The ratio of males to females is about 1000 : 792. The literacy rate of the town is about 72%.
Some of the salient features have been highlighted in Table 5.9
Table 5-10 Baseline Social status of Bithoor town
Percentage of
Parameters Bithoor Total Population
(%)
Total 9652
No of Households 1652
Household Size 5.8

Population
Scheduled Caste 1218 12.6
Scheduled Tribe NIL
Sex Ratio 792 -
Population below 6 years 1447 14.9

Percentage of
Parameters Bithoor Total Population
(%)
Male 3691 80.3

Literacy Rate
Female 2223 61.61
Work Participation 2602 26.95
Economic Main Workers 1847 19.13

Activity Marginal Workers 755 7.8
Non-workers 7050 71.55
Cultivators 334 3.5
Category of Agricultural Labourers 69 <1

Workers Household Industry 28 <1
Other Workers 1416 14.67
Source: Census of India 2001
Figure 5-12 Literacy Rate of male and female population.

Figure 5-13 Work participation rate of Bithoor town.
Figure 5-14 Ccategory of workers of working population of Bithoor town.

6.0 Analysis of Alternatives

Analysis of alternatives involves a thorough study of the possible future conditions in the
project study area of the possible future conditions in the project area in response to a set of
alternatives without the project or status quo condition.
6.1. Analysis of Alternative Site

The project is construction of sewage treatment plant based on waste stabilisation pond
technology. Limited environmental impacts are expected during construction. Little air, water
and noise pollution is expected from the proposed construction activities; however these are
localized impacts and can be minimized with proper construction schedule and precautionary
approach. Since the project is in an existing piece of land no alternate sites were considered.
Moreover, he proposed plant site is in accordance with MoEF guidelines:
 There are no National Parks/Sanctuaries within 10 km radius
 There are no eco-sensitive areas within 10 km radius of the project
Sewage Pumping Stations: The Intermediate Sewage Pumping Stations (IPSs) are
proposed at two locations. In Zone-I sewage pumping station of 2.10 mld for design year has
been provided near the Goodhari Ghat Nala, while in zone-II sewage pumping station of 0.47
mld has been provided near the Kalvari Ghat Nala. The sewerage system has been designed
to convey the sewage against the gravity. The site earmarked for constructing the proposed
sewage treatment plant is in the upstream side of the town. The site is about 4-5 m high from
the general topography of the town and is undulating. Since, the STP site is 4-5 m above the
natural ground level, the cost of laying sewers and pumping to the site would be high.
Therefore, to minimise the pumping cost STP could be planned in downstream side along the
natural gravity. However, since no land is available in the downstream side, therefore no
alternative was available. Two land parcel of 900 sqm have been provided by the chairman of
town area of Bithoor for pumping station on both the locations.
6.2. Analysis of Alternative Technology

One of the most challenging aspects of a sustainable sewage treatment system design is the
analysis and selection of the treatment processes and technologies capable of meeting the
requirements. The process is to be selected based on required quality of treated water. While
treatment costs are important, other factors should also be given due consideration. For
instance, effluent quality, process complexity, process reliability, environmental issues and
land requirements should be evaluated and weighted against cost considerations. A
comparative assessment of different wastewater treatment technology has been given in
table below:
Table 6-1 Comparative analysis of different natural wastewater treatment technology

Technology Merits Demerits

Waste Stabilisation  Relatively simple operation and  Post treatment required to
Pond maintenance meet the effluent standard
 No external energy requirement  Anoxic effluent exerts high
and hence less vulnerable to oxygen demand
power cuts  Large Land requirement
 No primary treatment required  More man-power require for
 Energy production possible but O&M
generally not achieved  Poor faecal and total coliform
 Low sludge production removal
 No special care or seeding  Foul smell and corrosion
required after interrupted problems around STP area
operations  High chlorine dosing required
 Can absorb hydraulic and organic for disinfection.
shock loading  Less nutrient removal
Constructed  Simple to construct and operate  Requires large area
Wetland and maintain  Large evaporation loss of
 Low operating and maintenance water
cost  Not easy to recover from
 Self sufficiency, ecological massive upset
balance, and economic viability is  Effluent quality may vary with
greater seasons
 Possibility of complete resource  No energy production
recovery  No nutrient removal
 Good ability to withstand hydraulic  Odor and vector nuisance
and organic load fluctuations
Activated Sludge  Land requirement is less  High Capital cost
Process (ASP) compared to others  High Power requirements
 Reduced flies and odour  Skilled labour is required for
nuisance O & M.
 Better control possible
Extended Aeration  High quality effluent  Higher power requirements
(EA)  Lesser complicated design for aeration
and operation  Relatively larger tanks
 Capable of treating shock loads  Mainly used for smaller plants
 Well stabilized sludge
Sequencing Batch  Simplified process  High Peak flows can
Reactor (SBR)  Final clarifiers and Return disrupt operation
Sludge pumping not required.  Skilled labour required
 Compact  Batch discharge may
 Operation is flexible; nutrient require equalization
removal possible prior to disinfection
 Better SS settling and high  Frequent sludge disposal
effluent quality  Higher specific energy
 Batch system eliminates peak consumption
surges
 Automatic control of MLSS
and SRT through sludge wasting.
Membrane Bio  High quality nitrified effluent  High capital & O&M cost
Reactor (MBR)  Compact  Extensive piping and valves
 Plant expansion is simple  Higher maintenance skill
 Capable of absorbing hydraulic required
and organic shock loads.
 No secondary clarifier required.
Trickling filter  Capacity to handle shock loads  Capital costs and power
 Dependable performance requirements are high.
 Minimum supervision.  Mosquito and odour nuisance
 Lesser land requirement in is high.

comparison with other  Equipment is prone to heavy
conventional systems. corrosion.
Fluidized Aerobic  Long SRTs.  Separate secondary settling
Bioreactor (FAB)  High quality effluent (low SS and tank required with sludge
and Moving Bed COD) removal facility
Bioreactors  Compact-lesser land requirement.  Sensitive process
(MBBR)  Low temperature sustaining  High power requirement
capability  Skilled Manpower required
 No sludge recycling for O & M.
 Fully digested sludge
 High coliform removal.
Submerged  Not restricted by conventional  Clogging of reactor due to
Aerobic Fixed limits of (MLSS). absence of primary
Film (SAFF)  Clear treated water with sedimentation.
consistent outlet BOD.  Reliance on proprietary filter
 Lesser area than conventional media.
systems  Strict quality control on
 Lesser bacterial sloughing media.
and does not require extensive  High reliance on external
sludge management systems energy input.
 Lesser power  Requires skilled manpower.
 Low operation and maintenance  Yet to be validated on
costs. reasonable number and sizes
 Installation can be below of STPs in India
ground.
The proposed sewage treatment plant is based on waste stabilisation pond technology.
Since, electricity status of the town is not satisfactory waste water treatment based on natural
system has been considered. Among the natural waste water treatment system STP based
on constructed wetland technology, oxidation pond technology and Upflow Anaerobic Sludge
Blanket (UASB) followed by Down Hanging Sponge (DHS) system was also considered.
However, since sufficient land is available therefore least cost intensive and simple in
operation and maintenance waste stabilisation pond technology was selected for the project.
Sewage treatment plant based on Waste Stabilisation Pond (WSP) technology is a proven
natural waste water treatment system and has some specific advantages compared to other
natural waste water treatment system. As per NGRBA guideline treated sewage can’t be
discharged directly to the river. Therefore, sewage treatment plant based on Waste
Stabilisation Pond Technology was selected since the treated water can be recycled for
agroforestry. Some specific advantages of WSP process have been highlighted below:
 Simple to construct and operate and maintain

 Self sufficiency, ecological balance, and economic viability is greater
 Possible recovery of the complete resources
 Good ability to withstand hydraulic and organic load fluctuations
 Can be built and repaired with locally available materials
 No external energy required for operation
 Low in construction and very low operating costs
 High reduction in pathogens
 Can treat high-strength wastewater to high quality effluent
 Generally reliable and well-functioning
 Effluent can be reused in aquaculture or for irrigation in agriculture
Therefore, Sewage treatment plant based on Waste Stabilisation Pond (WSP) was selected
for the project.

7.0 Public Consultation & Stakeholder Participation

Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public
as stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion
meetings. Stakeholders’ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual
course of action, which promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way
of the project. Consultation during project preparation as an integral part of the social
assessment process not only minimizes the risks and unwanted propaganda against the
project but also removes the gap between the community and the project formulators, which
leads to timely completion of the project and making the project people friendly.
7.1. Methods of Consultation

Keeping in mind the objective of minimizing adverse impact and the need of the stakeholders’
participation for the smooth implementation of the project, consultation with the members of
different sections of society was carried out. In this regard a meeting was organized at Bithoor
municipality office. Consultations were carried with different sections of people in the
presence of Chairman, Bithoor Municipality Office on 24.09.2013 to elicit required information
(their view & opinions). The main objectives of undertaking these consultations were:
 To seek inputs from the stakeholders on the project design and understand the priorities /
concerns of the communities
 To make people aware of the project impacts
 Dissemination of information to build awareness among people and inform them about
the objective of the project.
A summary of different issues discussed with the population is given the following table.
Table 7-1
Date Name of the Nature of participants

Participants
24.09.2013 Dr. Nirmala Singh Chairman, Bithoor

Municipality
C. K. Shukla Representative, Bithoor
Municipality
R. K. Mishra Engineer, Ganga
Pollution Control unit,
UPJN
Sudha Mishra Local resident
Md. Salim Local resident
Vinod kumar Local resident
Srinibas Local resident
Rani Wak Local resident

Figure 7-1 Public consultation with local people

7.2 Public consultation

Public consultation is a continual process and is being carried out at all stages
throughout the project period. In order to document the issues raised by the potential
affected peoples, public consultations were conducted in all focussed wards. Some
of the affected persons expressed their views about the proposed sewerage
Development project. Focus Group discussion were conducted during the ESMP
preparation period. The following reputed persons had been discussed Sewerage
work Under NGRBA, Bithoor Town-
Date Name of Reputed Persons of Bithoor
Town
25th Sep 2013, Sri Sailendra Kumar Yadav, Corporator,
Bithoor Town,
Time: 10:00 to 11:00
26th Sep 2013, Sri Laxmi Kant, Ex- Principal, Ram Janki
Inter College, Bithoor.
Time: 10:00 to 12:00
27th Sep 2013, Sri Munna Lal Sharma, Rt. Principal.
Time: 13:00 to 14:00

07th Oct 2013, Sri Om Prakash Sharma, Rt. Principal.
Time: 10:00 to 11:00

08th Oct 2013, Sri Digvijay Singh, Principal, Ram Janki
Inter College, Bithoor.
Time: 10:00 to 12:30
09th Oct 2013, Dr. Ram Narayan Lal, Lecturer
Time: 10:00 to 11:30

10th Oct 2013, Dr. Vyas Narayan Pandey, Lecturer.
Time: 10:30 to 11:00

14th Oct 2013, Sri Radhey Shyam Shukla, lecturer,
Time: 12:00 to 14:30 Sri Subedar Pandey,
Sri Abhijeet Singh Sanga, (Congress

Leader)
Sri Shivdeen Dwivedi, Chairman of Ganga

Shabha, Bithoor Town,

21th Oct 2013, Sri N.K. Dixit, Gangotri Builder,
Time: 14:00 to 15:30 Dr. Indra Dixit, Lecturer
22th Oct 2013, Sri Mohd. Hafiz Khan, Advocate.
Time: 15:00 to 16:00
The sewerage project proposal has been discussed in local community. Sewer
constructions will invariable lead to road closures, which will adversely affect shops
on those streets. The first priority is for the contractor to take the necessary
measures to ensure that pedestrians always have access to shops, vendors, etc. For
mobile vendors, this may include adjusting the location of the cart, etc. to a similar
location in the immediate vicinity of the original location for the duration of the project.
Projects should also proceed on schedule so as to minimize disruption.
Additionally, clean-up of debris and clearance of blockages should commence

immediately after project completion so as to remove any potential obstacles that
might prevent customers from accessing businesses or other disruptions.
In the event that the contractor, despite best efforts, is unable to avoid blockages of
the roads and/or disruption of local businesses, some compensation is necessary. A
summary of different issues discussed with the potentially affected persons are given
in the following table.
Details of public consultations
Sections on Target Groups Major Issues Date No. Of

Issues participa
nts
Proposed the Street hawker Sewerage 25th Sep 2013, 5
sewerage system Network Time: 10:00 to 11:00
Impact on Vegetable Ecology and 26th Sep 2013, 12
Biological sellers & Sustainable Time: 10:00 to 12:00
Environment boatman Agriculture
Impact on Slum dwellers Health and Safety 27th Sep 2013, 10
Occupational Time: 13:00 to 14:00
Health and Safety
Traffic Local people Traffic 07th Oct 2013, 11
Congestion Management Time: 10:00 to 11:00
Social Religious 08th Oct 2013,
Cultural heritage 11
Environment persons Time: 10:00 to 11:00
Noise College Level and 09th Oct 2013, 8
Environment students Intensity of Noise Time: 10:00 to 11:00
Water House hold Water Quality 10th Oct 2013, 7
Environment women Time: 10:00 to 11:00
Land Local people Check for land 11th Oct 2013, 10
Environment coming to river contamination Time: 10:00 to 11:00
Ganga and reclamation

The ESMF currently mandates compensation only in the case of permanent

livelihood loss or displacement and provides no provisions for livelihood loss of
mobile vendors. Additionally, no regulation, policy, guideline, etc. exists which can
provide precedent or guidance in this instance. ESMF clearly states that
mobile/ambulatory hawkers: fruit cart vendors, etc. who can easily relocate fall into
this category. These vendors are most eligible for a temporary relocation just outside
the construction area, and will thus not be eligible for compensation as is the case for
this proposed project. However if during the construction of the project any party
faces livelihood loss due to the proposed project, then that party should be
compensated according to the entitlement matrix given in the ESMF report.
Some issues which local community expects from the project are awareness to
prevent disease and maintain hygienic conditions. Provide sewerage system which
will help in maintaining cleanliness in the surrounding.

8.0 Environmental and Social Impacts

Pollution abetment projects may prove beneficial for the environment and society or they may
have some adverse impacts as well. Planners and decision makers have realized the
importance of understanding the consequences of any such projects on both environmental
and social sectors, and have started taking steps to avoid any adverse impacts. Based on the
major findings obtained from the field visits and secondary data analysis, the possible
environmental and social issues with reference to the proposed sewer works in Bithoor Town
is been discussed in these sections. The proposed sub-project consists of three major
activities which include:
 Construction of approximately 32 km long sewerage network including all required trunk/

branch/ lateral sewer.
 Construction of STP based on waste stabilization pond
 Construction of sewage pumping station
The construction activities would generally include earthworks (excavation, filling, shuttering,
compacting), civil construction (sewer lines, STP, SPS, etc.) and E&M installation and
commissioning.
8.1. Potential Environmental Impacts

The environmental impact of the proposed project may be categorised in two phases:
 During the construction phase
 During the operation phase
The activities identified for project under each phase are:
A. Construction phase
1. Site clearing and levelling
2. Excavation & Foundation
3. Transportation of construction materials, equipments & machineries
4. Construction of STP & related infrastructure
B. Operation phase
1. Operation of STP
2. Disposal of treated effluent
8.1.1 Impacts during construction phase

The impacts of construction stage activities on the various environmental parameters are
examined below:
8.1.1.1 Impact on Air Environment
During the construction phase it is expected emissions from the diesel generator(s). Another
source of air pollution is from materials transport through heavy vehicles to the site. These
emissions are temporary in nature. Excavators, cranes, DG sets, welding machines, trucks
and trailers for transportation of materials will also contribute to gaseous emissions through
use of diesel as a fuel. Based on the field observation of ongoing projects and
interaction/consultation with stake-holders, it is expected that the levels of dust (RSPM and
SPM), carbon mono-oxide (CO), hydrocarbons and NOx (NO &NO 2) is likely to increase
during the construction phase mainly because of:
 Excavation, backfilling, compaction activity and movement of vehicles on un-paved
roads (increases dust level)
 Vehicle exhausts from construction machinery and from light and heavy vehicles for
transportation of pipes and construction material like cement, etc (increases NO2).
 Use of portable diesel generators and other fuel fired machinery (increases CO).
However, the emission of NOx, SO2 will be is not expected to cause any change in the
ambient air quality. During pipeline laying the following activities cause air pollution:
 Emissions from equipment used for construction of the pipeline.

 Emissions of dust during excavation of soil
 Emissions from the exhausts of vehicles used for the transport of the workers, the
transport of construction materials and equipment and construction vehicles
themselves
During pipeline laying, air emissions are not expected to adversely impact even the area
close to the pipeline. However, the project involve construction of only 32 km sewer lines,
therefore, considering all air pollutants, it is not expected that air emissions will exceed air
quality standards (National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
There might be some impact on air quality that may take place during construction which
would be caused by emissions of dust during excavation for the pipeline as well as from the
earth material stored in the area. The potential for dust in the form of particulate matter to be
emitted during construction is strongly dependent on the type of activities taking place, such
as the movement of vehicles along the working width and their speed, soil stripping, trench
excavation, backfilling and reinstatement.
8.1.1.2 Noise levels

The proposed construction activities are expected to increase the noise levels mainly due to
plying of construction vehicles, pumping machines, use of portable generators, mechanical
machinery such as cranes, riveting machines, hammering etc. There will be an increase in
noise levels in areas situated close to the road due to movement of trucks and construction
activities. Temporary impacts may especially be felt at educational facilities like
schools/colleges (Primary school and GS Memorial public school at Laxmi Bai Nagar, GIC
Inter College, Law College at Brahma Nagar), hospitals (Eye hospital, Maharishi Balmiki
nagar, Hospital, Pesewas Nagar) etc), cultural/religious centers including all temples,
mosques, the region. However, the impact of truck movements and construction activities on
noise level in residential areas situated at 50 meter and beyond from the road will be
insignificant considering the excess attenuation and will be below the stipulated standard of
CPCB, i.e. 55 dB(A) during day time.
Increase of noise level at night may produce disturbances, causing sleeplessness in people in
the vicinity of the site in case construction activity is extended into the night hours. As per the
baseline environmental status, the noise levels in Bithoor Town are expected to be within
permissible limits as the area is mostly residential and has limited commercial, and no
industrial area. However, these impacts are of temporary nature, lasting only during the
construction period.
8.1.1.3 Impact on Land Environment

The proposed project is construction of sewerage facility for Bithoor town. The area is a low
density area with sufficient availability of land. The land for STP and sewage pumping stations
have been allocated by District Administration, Kanpur Nagar and Chairman, Town Area of
Bithoor respectively. Since the present project does not involve any major issues of land
acquisition no major impact on land environment is anticipated. However, local land and soil
may get affected during construction work as it would involve land clearing. Normally removal
of vegetation and land clearing is associated with soil erosion, however these issued are
localised temporary effect and associated with construction phase only. Excessive debris,
trash or construction remnants (e.g. dirt piles) may create problems related to drainage,
unhygienic conditions and poor aesthetics. If construction materials are handled
appropriately, it may affect agricultural lands minutely.
8.1.1.4 Surface and Ground Water Hydrology

The proposed project being located near the river Ganga there may be potential for temporary
contamination of the river Ganga via the various drains and nallas, due to run off of finer
materials such as construction powders, fluids and greases during rainfall, if not appropriately
managed or in the event of an accident,.
8.1.1.5 Impact on Biological Environment

No natural forest area has been observed in the study area. There are no notified ecological
sensitive locations, migratory paths, sanctuaries, etc. within the study area. As detailed out
there are no endangered floral species in the study area. The proposed project does not
envisage any destruction or displacement of any endemic floral or faunal species, hence the
impact will be insignificant. Moreover, as the construction and operation of STP is going to
result in the reduction of pollution load on the receiving water body, there is no likelihood of
any negative impact on the aqua-life.
8.1.1.6 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment

All the activities to be carried out during construction and operation phases will require skilled
and unskilled labourers, hence creating temporary as well as permanent employment for local
people. As the proposed project is located within the city limit with lot of employment
opportunities, it is likely to have positive socio-cultural economic impact.
8.1.1.7 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety

The construction of STP facilities is not going to involve the large scale construction activities;
however, all the workers will be equipped with necessary personal protective equipments
(PPE) and will be trained for safety aspects to be followed during working hours.
8.1.1.8 Environmental sensitive areas

Based on observations and findings from field visits, interaction with government officials and
consultation with local residents, an assessment of the environmentally and ecologically
sensitive areas was made. The area does not have any flora and fauna components which
require any special attention from conservation point of view. There is no environmental
sensitive area within 10 km radius of the project.
With regard to sensitive aquatic areas and water bodies, there are none. It was also observed
that the major land use pattern of the area is residential with agricultural and no forest areas.
8.1.1.9 Traffic Congestion

Due to the excavation work which will take place along the roads of the city, there a slight
disturbance in the traffic movement is expected. Any excavation along the roads will inhibit
traffic movement. However, the area is a low density area and the project involves
construction of only 32 km of sewer lines. No major traffic congestion due to the project is
anticipated.

8.1.2 Impacts during operation phase

The impacts of operation stage activities on the various environmental parameters are
examined below:
8.1.2.1 Air Environment

As the STP does not involve any type of unit operations releasing the gaseous emissions,
hence, the impact on ambient air quality is not going to be affected.
8.1.2.2 Water environment

Water resources in the project area would be the most positively benefited. The probably
environmental impacts related to water during operation stage may include unpredictable
events such as:
 Temporary flooding of adjacent areas due to accidental leakages/bursts and also due
to blockages and backlogging of lines.
 Water pollution and possibility of mixing with water supply line due to leakages/ overflows
from the sewer lines
8.1.2.3 Noise quality

Improper handling and irregular maintenance of operating machines including pumps,
generators, etc may lead to increased noise pollution during operation activity.
8.1.2.4 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety

As the operation of STP facilities involve handling and use of chemicals the safety of workers
invites safety considerations. As the workers will be equipped with necessary personal
protective equipments (PPE) and will be trained for safety aspects to be followed during
working hours, the impact will be insignificant as a whole.
8.2. Impact on livelihood

Sewer constructions will invariable lead to road closures, which will adversely affect shops on
those streets. The first priority is for the contractor to take the necessary measures to ensure
that pedestrians always have access to shops, vendors, etc. For mobile vendors, this may
include adjusting the location of the cart, etc. to a similar location in the immediate vicinity of
the original location for the duration of the project. Projects should also proceed on schedule
so as to minimize disruption.
Additionally, clean-up of debris and clearance of blockages should commence immediately

after project completion so as to remove any potential obstacles that might prevent customers
from accessing businesses or other disruptions.
In the event that the contractor, despite best efforts, is unable to avoid blockages of the roads
and/or disruption of local businesses, some compensation is necessary. The ESMF currently
mandates compensation only in the case of permanent livelihood loss or displacement and
provides no provisions for livelihood loss of mobile vendors. Additionally, no regulation, policy,
guideline, etc. exists which can provide precedent or guidance in this instance. ESMF clearly
states that mobile/ambulatory hawkers: fruit cart vendors, etc. who can easily relocate fall into
this category. These vendors are most eligible for a temporary relocation just outside the
construction area, and will thus not be eligible for compensation as is the case for this
proposed project. However if during the construction of the project any party faces livelihood
loss due to the proposed project, then that party should be compensated according to the
entitlement matrix given in the ESMF report.
8.3. Conclusion
Based on the overall secondary data analysis and field investigation, the proposed project is
expected to benefit the Bithoor Town, Kanpur City, as the wastewater that currently flows
untreated into the Ganga river will be captured, treated and the remainder of the treated

effluent will be allowed to flow into the river. The likely beneficial impacts of the projects
include:
 Improvement in sewerage collection and treatment within the cities/towns
 Prevention of storm drains carrying sanitary sullage or dry weather flow
 Prevention of ground water and soil pollution due to infiltration of untreated liquid waste
 Prevention of discharge of untreated sewage into River Ganga
 Improvement in water quality of River Ganga, a national resource
 Improvement in environmental sanitation health and reduction in associated health

hazards within the cities/towns
 Improvement in quality of life, human dignity and increased productivity

9.0 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1. Environmental Management Plan
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is site specific plan developed to ensure that the
project is implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner where all stakeholders
including the project proponents, contractors, sub-contractors, consultant understand the
potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions
to properly manage that risk. Adequate environmental management measures need to be
incorporated during the planning phase to minimize any adverse impact and assure
sustainable development of the area. EMP has been formulated for mitigation of the adverse
impacts and is based on the present environmental conditions. This plan helps in formulation,
implementation and monitoring of environmental parameters during and after the
commissioning of the project.
Any development, especially related to industries, is usually associated with certain positive
as well as some negative impacts on the environment. However, the negative or adverse
impacts cannot possibly rule out systematic development. At the same time, adverse impacts
cannot be neglected. The impact identification and prediction has been made keeping in view
the predicted results primarily based on design details and generated baseline data monitored
during study period. In view of the above, project proponent shall maintain the specifications /
details / data as provided for preparation of the report or may try to improve further towards
environmental betterment during various phases of implementation of proposed project. The
Environmental management plan (EMP) relevant to construction and operation phases is
delineated in the foregoing sections. The EMP is required to ensure sustainable development
in study area of the proposed project site, hence, it needs to be an all encompassing plan for
which the Government regulating agencies working in the region and more importantly the
affected population of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution.
9.1.1 EMP during construction phase

The construction phase impacts would be mainly due to civil works such as site preparation,
leveling, foundations, transportations of construction materials and machineries, and
installation of machineries. The construction phase impacts are temporary and localized
phenomena except the permanent change in local landscape at the project site.
9.1.1.1 Air Environment

The impacts identified and quantified above are inherent with any developmental project and
cannot be completely eliminated. However by adopting suitable measures and use of
appropriate equipments, their impact would be reduced. Some of the important mitigation
measures are given below to follow project proponent during project construction:
 All loose construction material during transportation should be properly covered

 All construction machines should be well maintained
 Ambient air quality should be regularly monitored.
 The vehicles and machinery deployed during construction will comply emission
standards prescribed by CPCB.
 A stack will be provided to DG sets to achieve proper dispersion of gaseous
emissions.
9.1.1.2 Noise Environment

 Proper maintenance of construction equipment/machinery for controlling excessive
noise levels
 Use of silencers/mufflers for high noise generating equipments
 Restricting the movement of vehicles and noise prone activities during nighttime as
nighttime noise levels are more sensitive
 Ambient noise levels should be regularly monitored at critical locations.

9.1.1.3 Water Environment

During the construction phase the water will be utilized for civil work and drinking water for
labors. As the laborers will be available from nearby local area, there may not be any need of
labor camps. The source of water supply will be from Municipal Corporation.
 Laborers will be provided with adequate water supply for drinking purpose and sanitation
facilities.
 Any wastages/leakages will be avoided at all possible locations /opportunities.
9.1.1.4 Land Environment

 As soon as the construction is over, the surplus earth will be utilized to fill up low lying
area, rubbish will be cleared and all unbuilt surface reinstated.
 Loose earth if any, will be suppressed by sprinkling of water to control the dust.
9.1.1.5 Biological Environment

Since, the construction activities involved in the establishment of STP, do not have any
specific impact on the biological environment, no specific measures are required to be
undertaken.
9.1.1.6 Occupational Health & Safety

The nature of the construction activity involved is of general nature, not requiring any specific
measures. However, all the necessary safety measures required during the construction of
treatment units and installation of mechanical equipments will be observed and maintained as
per the standard procedures and requirements.
9.1.1.7 Safety Signs and Signals

To ensure the health and safety of workers and visitor, there shall be provision of safety signs
and signals in and around plant premises. The employers shall provide specific safety signs
whenever there is a risk that has not been avoided or controlled by other means.
9.1.2 EMP during operation phase

There are two distinctive phases of this overall project: Effluent Conveyance System (ECS) &
STP. The overall management of the project will be looked after by Ganga Pollution Control
Unit, UPJN. The technical and scientific staff will be appointed under Chief Engineer. Primary
focus of the present EIA study is on construction and operation of treatment units of STP.
However, the collection and conveyance system of effluent being integral part of the overall
project, a brief account of operation & management plan for the same has been highlighted
below. The O & M of plant shall be outsourced from qualified private companies under a
contract pinning responsibilities and accountability. The issues relating to plant performance,
technical difficulties, operations problems, etc. will be resolved by Operations Management
Committee (OMC).
The Operations Management Committee will ensure that the STP operates to its best
potential and provide recommendations for upgradations as and when required. Chief
Engineer will look after day to day issues of STP operation and conveyance related issues.
There will be a team of qualified personnel from Engineering and Science field having
experience to operate STP efficiently and effectively. The OMC will ensure to comply with all
the directives issued by competent authority time to time for smooth functioning of STP and
legal compliance in this regards.
Project proponent will set up the laboratory equipped with facilities for carrying out analysis of
water and wastewater.

9.1.2.1 Water Environment

 The quality of effluent coming to STP will be monitored by OMC continuously to ensure
proper functioning of STP treatment units to achieve prescribed disposal norms.
 The performance of STP will be continuously monitored and any deviation in performance
will be subjected to corrective measures through root-cause analysis.
 Preventive maintenance schedule for STP machineries will be prepared and strictly
implemented to ensure the effective and efficient operation of STP units.
 Enough care will be taken to prevent any leakages / accidental spillages from STP
treatment units.
9.1.2.2 Occupational Health & Safety

For health and safety of workers, following measures will be followed:
 Staff will be trained for safe handling of chemicals and operation of treatment units.
 All personnel working at STP will be provided with necessary personal protective
equipment’s (PPE).
 Adequate no. of fire extinguishers will be provided in the laboratory.
 Power availed from express feeder will have stand-by arrangement of power supply; in an
unlikely event of complete electrical breakdown, all automatic valves at collection sumps
will be closed and industries will be forced to shut down.
 The management will arrange required routine medical facilities at the site as well as will
have tie-up with nearby hospital in case of emergency.
9.1.2.3 Proper Operation and Maintenance

Proper operation and maintenance will be ensured of the plant machinery. Regular
maintenance will be undertaken for smooth operation.
Table 9-1 Environment Management Plan for STP
Activity Potential Duration Mitigation Measures

Negative of impact
Impact/Concer
n
Construction Phase
Sewage Excava Loss of topsoil Temporary  Excavation shall be planned in

treatment tion due to such a manner that such that no
plant excavation damage occurs to existing
activities. structures.
 Top soil should be separately
stockpiled and utilized for green
belt development or landscaping
after completion of work.
Construction Temporary  All the associated construction
waste waste should be properly
managed by storing and
disposing off at suitable refusal
sites approved by DBO engineer.
Nuisance due to Temporary  Provide two bins for recyclable

domestic solid and non-recyclable wastes.
waste disposal  Ensure that recyclable and non-
recyclable wastes are collected in
segregated manner in theses
bins before disposal. Recyclable
material should be sold. Non-
recyclable material should be
disposed to designated land fill
area of the city.
 Provide adequate sanitation
facility for workers at construction
sites.
Dust Generation Temporary  Excavated material transported by
due to trucks will be covered and/or
construction wetted to prevent dust nuisance.
activities  Suppressing dust generation by
spraying water on stockpiles and
unpaved movement areas
 Water sprinkling over excavated
areas, unpaved movement areas
and stockpiles.
 Transportation of loose
construction material through
covered trucks.
 Use dust curtains (polysheets/
sheets) around the construction
area for containing dust spread.
 Construction equipment must
comply with pollution norms and
carry Pollution Under Control
certificate.
Temporary Temporary  The construction waste material
flooding due to should be stored on the higher
uneven areas of the site and or areas
dumping of where water may accumulate
construction creating flooding like situation
waste
Spillage of fuel Temporary  Care to be taken to store fuel and

and oil oil (if required) at a place away
from any drainage channel/nalla
preferably to be stored in drums
mounted on a concrete paved
platform with slop draining to
small spills collection pit.
Constructi Sanitati Nuisance due to Temporary  Labour camp if provided, must
on camps on absence of have adequate provision of
facility of shelter, water supply, sanitation
sanitation and and solid waste management
solid waste
management

General: Safety Safety hazards Temporary  Comply with the Occupational

safety and to labours and health and Safety act of India
during Health public. Workers  Ensure that the contact details of
constructio Hazard are seen to the police or security company
n working without and ambulance services nearby
any PPE even to the site.
at height.  Ensure that the handling of
equipment and materials is
supervised and adequately
instructed.
 Provide adequate PPE to workers
such as helmets, safety shoes,
gloves, dust masks, gumboots,
etc. to workers
 Monthly reporting of all accidents
and immediate reporting to DBO
engineer and owner.
C. Operation phase
Sewage Treatm River, land or Temporary  Monitor the treated sewage

treatment ent ground water quality and ensure compliance
plant and pollution due to with PCB standards for effluent
Dispos discharge of disposal into surface water
al of untreated or bodies, on land or for the
Treate partially treated agricultural use.
d sewage due to  Follow standard operating
Water inadequate or procedures for operation and
and inefficient STP maintenance.
Sludge operations.  Undertake periodic audit as per
these procedures.
 Comply with all applicable
condition of consent to operate
 Quarterly monitoring of influent
sewage, treated sewage,
upstream and downstream point
of treated sewage disposal
point to river
Problems arising Temporary  Maintain the green belt as per
due to bad odour, provision of design to prevent
insects, polluted spread of bad odour with large
air, canopy/ broad leaves trees like
Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak,
Sal, etc.
River, land or Temporary  Ensure compliance with PCB

ground water standards for effluent disposal
pollution due to into surface water bodies, on
discharge of land or for the agricultural use.
untreated or  Follow standard operating
partially treated procedures for operation and
sewage due to maintenance.
inadequate or  Undertake periodic audit as per
inefficient STP these procedures.
operations.  Comply with all applicable

condition of consent to operate
General Worker  Serious/health/ Temporary  Ensure availability of PPE for

Safety s safety hazards maintenance workers.
exposu  Follow safety measures and
re to Emergency preparedness plan
evolved at design stage
hazard
ous
materi
als/situ
ations
Table 9-2 Environmental Management Plan for Sewerage Area
Activity Potential Negative Duration Mitigation Measures

Impact/Concern of impact
B. Construction phase
Sewerage Excavation, Damage to Temporary  Identify existing underground

(laying of cutting, back underground other utility structures, lines
sewers) filling, utilities like water, through available records and in
and compaction gas line, electricity consultation with concerned
Sewage and and telephone authorities and plan
Pumping construction conduits, etc. due construction activities
station operations to construction accordingly to minimize damage
activities. to such utilities. These
underground utilities
encountered in excavating
trenches carefully shall be
supported, maintained and
protected from damage or
interruption of service until
backfill is complete and
settlement has taken place.
Accidents/ Temporary  Maintaining the excavation by

damages due to Shoring trench sides by placing
erosion/ sliding of sheeting, timber shores, trench
vertical sides of jacks, bracing, piles, or other
excavated trenches materials
while places the  Exposed surface shall be
pipes resurfaced and stabilized.
Exposed surface will be
resurfaced and stabilized by
making the sloping sides of
trench to the angle of repose at
which the soil will remain safely

at rest.
Generation of Temporary  Top soil shall be preserved and

substantial debris, may be used for agricultural
top soil and muck purpose or development of city
during construction parks.
 Soil and debris may be
managed for planned land filling
and landscaping;
 Debris may be suitably stored to
filling back the excavated areas
after placing the trunk sewer
lines.
Dust Generation ( Temporary  Water sprinkling over excavated
Air Pollution) due areas, unpaved movement
to excavation, areas and stockpiles.
cutting, back filling  Transportation of loose
and compaction construction material through
operations covered trucks.
 Use dust curtains (polysheets/
sheets) around the construction
area for containing dust spread
at SPS building construction
site.
 Construction equipment must
comply with pollution norms and
carry Pollution Under Control
certificate.
Noise and vibration Temporary  Construction activities to be
disturbances to carried out in day time with prior
residents and intimation to local residents and
businesses shop keepers.
 Construction work near schools
and colleges to be carried out
during vacations and work near
hospitals to be completed on
priority basis (in shorter time
period with alternate provision
of traffic, accessibility of
exit/entry gates etc.).
 Use of low noise and vibrating
equipment meeting prescribed
noise standards.
 Provision of protective
equipment (PPE) like ear muffs
and plugs for construction
workers. .
 Provision of noise barriers in
inhabited areas, particularly
near sensitive zones like
hospitals, schools etc.
 DG set to be fitted acoustic
enclosure.
Temporary flooding Temporary  Stockpiled areas to be bordered

due to excavation by berms;
during monsoons  Stockpiles to be done in high
or blockage of areas to avoid flow in storm
surface drains water run-off channels and
erosion;
Increased traffic Temporary  Alternate traffic routing must be
inconvenience adopted in consultation with
(emissions, concerned traffic police
congestions, longer authorities. Proper traffic
travel times, planning be made for narrow
blockage of lane areas.
access)  Work should to be completed
on priority near business and
market place to minimize
business loss.
 Care should be taken to
minimize congestion and
negative impacts at schools and
hospitals. Safe access shall be
maintained to these places
during construction.
 Provide temporary crossing/
bridges as may be required to
facilitate normal life and
business
Settlement of Temporary  The backfilling material shall be
backfilled area after free from petroleum products,
construction slag, cinders, ash or other
material.
 Backfilling activity shall be
completed within five days of
laying of sewer.
 Proper compaction as per the
soil condition and retain the
original level of alignment and
grade.
Spillage of fuel and Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and
oil oil (if required) at a place away
from any drainage channel/nalla
preferably to be stored in drums
mounted on a concrete paved
platform with slop draining to small
spills collection pit.
Nuisance due to Temporary  Provide two bins for recyclable

solid waste and non-recyclable wastes.
disposal  Ensure that recyclable and non-
recyclable waste are collected
in segregated manner in
theses bins before disposal.
Recyclable material should be

sold. Non-recyclable material

should be disposed for
designated land fill area of the
city.
 Provide adequate sanitation
facility for workers at
construction sites.
General: Accidents Safety hazards to Temporary  Comply with the Occupational
safety labours and public health and Safety act of India
during  Ensure that the contact details
constructio of the police or security
n company and ambulance
services nearby to the site.
 Ensure that the handling of
equipment and materials is
supervised and adequately
instructed.
 Erect warning signs/ tapes and
temporary barriers and/or
danger tape, marking flags,
lights and flagmen around the
exposed construction works
warn the public and traffic flow
of the inherent dangers.
 Provide adequate safety
precautions such as helmets,
safety shoes, gloves, dust
masks, gumboots, etc. to
workers
Monthly reporting of all
accidents and immediate
reporting to DBO engineer and
owner.
C. Operation phase
Sewer line Leakage/ Water pollution and Temporary

 Regular monitoring of sewer
overflows possibility of mixing
line and manholes for visible
with water supply
leakages/ overflows.
line
Sewage Waste Bad odour, Health Temporary  Provision for regular clearance
Pumping Handling hazard and of sludge and solid waste to
Station minimize odor nuisance
public nuisance  Ensure maintenance of Green
belt as planned
Periodic disposal of
accumulated sludge/solid waste
to disposal site as approved by
DBO engineer.
General Workers  Serious/health/ Temporary  During cleaning/ maintenance

Safety exposure safety hazards operation, the sewer line will be
totoxic  The toxic gases adequately vented to ensure
gases in are likely to that no toxic or hazardous
contract gases are present in the line.
sewers communicable  Ensure availability of PPE for
andhazardo diseases from maintenance workers.
us exposure to  Follow safety and Emergency

materialsdur pathogens Preparedness plan prepared at
ingsewer present in the design stage
maintenanc sewage. Monthly reporting of all
e work accidents and immediate
reporting to DBO engineer and
owner.
9.2. Post project environmental monitoring programme:

A regular monitoring of environmental parameters like water, wastewater as well as
performance of STP and safety measures in plant are important for proper environmental
management of any project. The Environmental management cell will handle the monitoring
of above mentioned environmental attributes as well as comply with the norms prescribed
statutory authority. The monitoring schedule for environmental parameters is given at Table
9-3.
Table 9-3 Monitoring schedule for Environmental parameters
Parameters Frequency of Type of Important Parameters

Monitoring Sampling
Water & Wastewater
GW quality on banks of river Once in 3 Grab Standard water quality
months parameters
Sample from river Ganga Monthly Grab Standard water quality
parameters as per IS
2291 DO, BOD, COD
STP inlet and outlet Daily Grab As specified by Uttar
PradeshState Pollution
Control Board in
Consent Order

9.3. Social Management Plan

Social mitigation plans during construction phase
Based on the identified social issues, doable mitigation plans are proposed which are as
follows:
i. Impact on human health
Mitigation Measure: Hoardings will be constructed at the proposed sites. Mitigation plan
involves the erection of temporary enclosures around construction sites. These barriers
will help entrap some of the dust that is brought up in digging. They will also provide
safety benefits, to the passerby.
ii. Traffic Congestion
Mitigation Measure: Proper signage should be provided at strategic locations to facilitate

better flow of traffic.
iii. Safety hazards
Mitigation Measure: Fencing of the excavation site and providing proper caution sign
boards.
As mentioned above, fencing should be erected around construction sites and

appropriately marked with caution signage. These fences/signs should remain in place
even if construction is not active, so long as a hazard (e.g. open pit) remains.
iv. Public Notice:
According to the suggestion given by locals during the interview. Government and
contractor should give a prior notice to each and every locality with the details of project,
street wise start date of construction and street wise end date of construction, contact
person during emergency. This information would help them better adjust to the situation
and make necessary adjustments and provisions.
9.4. Assess the Capacity of Institutions and Mechanisms for Implementing

Social Development Aspects and Social Safeguard Plans; Recommend
Capacity building measures
Roles and functions of the institutions are pre-defined, but they can enhance their capacity for
better implementation and operation of the project. There should be synergies and continual
interaction amongst the departments for better coordination. The officers of the relevant
departments can be trained in social sciences, social management plan, etc.
Institutional reform and capacity building of local body is in process, it will be required to
ensure that operating authorities have the ability and equipment to properly manage and
finance the operation and maintenance of sewerage schemes. Otherwise continued
development will not be sustainable.

Table 9-4 Role of stakeholder in implementation and mitigation
Stakeholder Category Role in project implementation Role in mitigation
NGRBA Over all coordination Coordinating so that the

mitigation plan is implemented
well Ensuring funds for mitigation
plan execution
Executing agencies Implementation of the project by Ensuring that the relevant
(Uttar Pradesh Jal awarding the project to the departments are available for
Nigam) suitable contractor and regional mitigation plan
coordination Informing the
relevant departments about the Enough safety provisions are
progress of the project available for the project
implementation.
Municipality Ensuring better access Should ensure all the
to households households envisaged at project
planning phase gets access to
the services. Weaker section of
the society should get equitable
share.
State, local Coordination Monitoring and Coordination Monitoring and
Government evaluation evaluation. Ensure all the
safeguarding plans are in line
and acted upon.
9.5. Develop Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms to Assess Social

Development Outcomes
Regular monitoring and evaluation of the project activities should be carried out to judge its
success or any gaps. Certain key parameters can be taken as the benchmark for monitoring
and evaluation of the project based on the identified development outcomes. Some of the
indicators are listed below;
 Increase in sewer access (number of households linked to the sewer network)
 Decrease in effluent discharge into the Ganga (water quality assessment of the river)
 Accessibility of the service to backward and weaker sections of the society

 Increase in public toilet
 Increase in the land rate (property appreciation value)
9.6. MONITORING OF MECHANISM

To assess the performance of STP influent raw sewage and treated effluent from
the STP shall be monitored at regular intervals during O&M Phase to ensure that
the water quality meets the standards laid down in NRCD Guidelines. To achieve
this end, provision of testing laboratory has been made in the DPR.
To assess the impact on environment due to construction / operation activities,
monitoring of air, water quality , metrological data, noise, soil analysis and sludge
monitoring etc during construction and operational stages of the project needs to
be ensured.
Figure 9-1: Structure of Project implementation Unit (Environment & Social)
9.7. MECHANISM FOR GRIEVANCE

Redressal of grievances contributes to a great extent to the positive perception of
the public regarding the project implementation. Therefore it is essential that any
query or a complaint vis a vis any aspect of the project implementation is
promptly, effectively& positively addressed. The Grievances will be submitted
through various mediums, in person, through phone calls, online or through
letters. A single system for redressal of grievances shall be adopted at the project
level to ensure that its purpose is met. The integrated grievance system will
include the following.
i- Establishing Grievances Redressal Cell (GRC) with dedicated project officer and
System at the local EA & ULB .At project level the proposed GRC includes
Executive Officer, Bithoor Nagar Panchyat. Project Engineer, U.P. Jal Nigam will
be Grievance redressal officer at EA level including representative of DBO.
Name and contact information of GRO will be displayed at project site/Notice
Board and also disclosed on website of ULB, EA and SPMG.
ii-The public also can submit their unresolved grievances at Tehsil Divas on every
iii- Second and fourth Tuesday of every month between 10:00 to 14:00, to
District Magistrate/Sub District Magistrate and all district level officials for quick
redressal.

iv- The SPMG & EA will prepare a half yearly report on grievance redressal
under
GAAP and will be reviewed during meeting of CMCs and Social Audit.
v- The above arrangement will be in addition to the PIO official appointed
under
RTI Act, under office of the General Manager, Ganga Pollution Control Unit, U.P.
Jal Nigam, Kanpur.
9.8. Cost information of EMP

Table 9.5 gives a brief idea about the probable cost implications of the environmental
management plans.
Table 9-5 Cost information of EMP
Item Location Season Year Total no. of UnitCost TotalCost

samples
Environment Monitoring during Construction Stage
2
Metrological data 1 3 1
3 3 5,000.00 15,000.00
Noise/vibration 2 3 3 12 3,000.00 36,000.00
Soil analysis 2 3 3 12 6,000.00 72,000.00
Sub total 3,63,000.
Environment Monitoring Cost (Operation Stage) 00
Metrological data 1 1 5 3 5,000.00 15,000.00
Noise/vibration 2 2 5 12 3,000.00 36,000.00
Sludge Monitoring at STP sites 1 4 5 12 6,500.00 78,000.00
Soil analysis 2 3 5 18 6,500.00 117,000.00
Sub-Total 642000.00
Control of Dust Generation 200000.00

Control of noise and vibrations 288,000.00
Prevention of safety hazards to workers 28,000.00
Prevention of health hazards due to absence of
sanitation and solid waste management facility
in labour camps.
(a)Sanitation 800,000.00
(b)Water Supply 200,000.00
(c)Dust Bins 100,000.00
Use of PPE and PPC Lump Sum 50,000.00
Environmental mitigation measures including
Lump sum 200,000.00
development- plantation around SPS
Training and Awareness programme Lump sum 12,00,000.00
Sub Total 1,966,000

TOTAL 4071000.00

10.0 Conclusion
The project report of the proposed sub-project for sewerage Bithoor Town after environment
analysis concludes that the project falls in ‘low impact’ category and have overall positive
benefits on the life and environment of the people. As per environmental and social
management framework guidelines of NGRBA, Environmental and Social Assessment, with a
Generic Safeguard Management Plan was conducted for addressing possible issues/
concerns arising from proposed project.
Impacts of activities identified during the assessment fell under two separate categories of
Construction and Operation. Although no such permanently negative or adverse
environmental or social impacts were identified, there were certain temporary impacts, for
which appropriate mitigation plans have also been suggested. The environmental
management plan ensures to suggest appropriate mitigation measure against the issues/
concerns identified during the environmental and social analysis study. All the social and
environmental issues were appropriately studied and have been substantiated using
appropriate evidences, to ascertain the magnitude of their impacts. Even the issues of public
grievances and public notice have been taken care in the report to confirm transparency
during the project implementation. Report also ensures that well defined institutional
mechanism is in place to monitor and evaluate the progress of the project during construction,
implementation and operation phases.

(Annex-I)

(Annex-II)



(Annex-III)









(Annex-IV)
(Annex-V)
Photographs of Bithoor Town, Kanpur Nagar (U.P) Ghats of Ganga river.
Annexure – VI
Mutual Land Purchase Policy, Uttar Pradesh 2015

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Environmental and Social Assessment with

Ganga Pollution Control Unit, Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................. 1

2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 9

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................ 13

4.0 REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK.............................................. 27

ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page i

4.4. UP Land Purchase through Mutual Agreement Policy 2015 ..........................................35

5.0 BASELINE STATUS ..................................................................................... 38

6.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................. 59

7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION & STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ............... 62

7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................ 64

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ............................................... 67

9.0 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................... 72

10.0 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 86

Table 3-7 Abstract of Cost of Works Proposed STP.......................................................................... 25

Table 4-1 Environmental Regulations and Legislations ..................................................................... 27

Table 5-1 Screening Checklist Format as per NGRBA ESMF ............................................................ 39

Table 5-3 Quality of Soil Sample........................................................................................................ 46

Table 5-4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report ............................................................................... 47

Table 5-5 Noise quality monitoring report .......................................................................................... 49

Table 5-9 List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone ..................................................................... 55

Table 5-10 Baseline Social status of Bithoor town................................................................................ 56

Table 9-1 Environment Management Plan for STP ........................................................................... 74

ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page iv

ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page v

Figure 3-6 Google image showing Bithoor STP Area .......................................................................... 19

Figure 5-1 General study area of the project. ...................................................................................... 38

Figure 5-2 Concentration of SO2 in Bithoor Town ............................................................................... 48

Figure 5-3 Concentration of NO2 in Bithoor town ................................................................................ 48

Figure 5-4 Concentration of RSPM in Bithoor Town ............................................................................ 49

Figure 5-5 Noise Level in Bithoor Town ............................................................................................... 50

Figure 5-12 Literacy Rate of male and female population. ................................................................ 57

Figure 5-13 Work participation rate of Bithoor town. ......................................................................... 58

Figure 5-14 Ccategory of workers of working population of Bithoor town. ........................................ 58

Figure 7-1 Public consultation with local people .................................................................................. 63

ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page vi

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. Portfolio of Investments under NGRBA

 Sewerage and sanitation systems/sewage treatment plants (new/up gradation)

 Solid Waste Management

 Industrial Pollution Control Initiatives

 River front Management initiatives

ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page 1

1.2. Sewerage Project for Bithoor Town of Kanpur

 Operation and maintenance.

1.3. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

 Policy and regulatory framework of Govt. of India;

 Environmental Policy of the respective State Governments;

 Legislations applicable to the construction activities;

 Environment and Social Management Framework of NGRBA

ESAMP – Bithoor Town Sewerage Project, Kanpur Nagar, U.P. Page 2

1.4. Requirement of Environmental Clearance as per EIA notification 14th

Other Applicable Legislation:

 Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 shall be applicable

 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 shall be applicable

 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2000 shall be applicable

 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is not applicable

1.5. Baseline Environmental Condition