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Linear First-Order Differential Equations

This document discusses methods for solving linear first-order differential equations. It introduces the integrating factor method, which involves multiplying both sides of the differential equation by an integrating factor that depends only on x. This results in an exact equation that can be solved by integrating both sides with respect to x. Bernoulli differential equations, where the coefficient of y' is a function of x and y, can be converted to linear equations using a substitution. Examples are provided to illustrate solving first-order linear differential equations and initial value problems using these methods.

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Marc Mathieu
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Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
137 views

Linear First-Order Differential Equations

This document discusses methods for solving linear first-order differential equations. It introduces the integrating factor method, which involves multiplying both sides of the differential equation by an integrating factor that depends only on x. This results in an exact equation that can be solved by integrating both sides with respect to x. Bernoulli differential equations, where the coefficient of y' is a function of x and y, can be converted to linear equations using a substitution. Examples are provided to illustrate solving first-order linear differential equations and initial value problems using these methods.

Uploaded by

Marc Mathieu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ES14

Differential Equation
For Engineers
Linear First-Order
Differential Equations
Prepared by:
Engr. Marc Lin F. Abonales
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LINEAR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Method of Solution
First-order linear differential equation has the form

An integrating factor for the first-order linear differential equation is

which depends only on x and is independent of y. When both sides of the first-order linear
differential form are multiplied by I(x), the resulting equation

is exact. A simpler procedure is to rewrite the above resulting equation as

integrate both sides of this last equation with respect to x, and then solve the resulting
equation for y.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LINEAR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Reduction of Bernoulli Equations


A Bernoulli differential equation has the form

where n is a real number.The substitution

transforms the Bernoulli differential equation into a linear differential equation in the
unknown function z(x).
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LINEAR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

EXAMPLE. ANSWERS:
Solve the following differential equations: 1.

1. 2.

2. 3.

3.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LINEAR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

EXAMPLE. ANSWERS:
Solve the following initial-value problem.
1.
1.

2.
2.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LINEAR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

EXAMPLE. ANSWERS:
Solve the following differential equations.
1. y
1.

2.
2.

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