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Homogeneous

1) Homogenous differential equations are equations where the degree of each term is the same. They can be solved using substitution to reduce them to separable variable form. 2) Common substitutions used are y=ux, which substitutes dy for udx + xdu, and x=vy, which substitutes dx for vdy + ydv. 3) Once substituted, the differential equation is simplified and integrated to find the general solution. Examples show solving equations using appropriate substitutions of y=ux or x=vy.

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Rama Chilpuri
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301 views

Homogeneous

1) Homogenous differential equations are equations where the degree of each term is the same. They can be solved using substitution to reduce them to separable variable form. 2) Common substitutions used are y=ux, which substitutes dy for udx + xdu, and x=vy, which substitutes dx for vdy + ydv. 3) Once substituted, the differential equation is simplified and integrated to find the general solution. Examples show solving equations using appropriate substitutions of y=ux or x=vy.

Uploaded by

Rama Chilpuri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Homogenous Equations

Homogenous Differential Equations

A differential equation dy

dx

f ( x, y ) is

Homogenous differential equation


f txif, ty
every t,

where

tR

t n f x, y for

Example:1.

Solution:

Show that differential equation xydy


is homogenous differential equation.

x 2 y 2 dx

dy x 2 y 2

dx
xy
Differential equation is homogeneous

x2 y2
f x, y
xy

t x t y
f tx, ty
t 2 xy
2

t 2 x2 y 2
t 2 xy

Differential equation is
homogeneous
3

y2
f x, y
xy

METHOD for solving Homogenous differential


equations

Substitut
y ux
e

dy
du
ux
dx
dx

OR

Substitut
e

dy udx xdu

x vy
dx
dv
v y
dy
dy

dx vdy ydv
4

Using substitution the homogeneous


differential equation is reduced to
Example:2
Solve the form.
homogenous differential
separable
variable

equation

dy x 2 y 2

dx
xy
Solution:

Rewriting in the form :

M x, y dx N x, y dy 0

y dx xydy 0
substitute y ux and dy udx xdu
2

x u dx ux udx xdu 0
2

x 2 dx x 2 u 2 dx u 2 x 2 dx ux 3 du 0

x dx ux du 0
2

x dx ux du
2

x dx
udu
3
x
dx
udu
x
dx
x udx

is variable separable form

1 y2
ln x 2 c
2 x

u2
ln x
c
2
is general
solution. 6

Note.

Selection of substitution Differential Equation depends on

M x, y and N x, y

number of terms of coefficients

1.
If
2.
If
3.

If

1 2 3 dx 1 dy 0 ,

then take

y ux

1dx 1 2 3 dy 0,

then take

x vy

1 2 dx 1 2 dy 0 ,

then take

x = vy or y =
ux

Example:. Solve the Differential Equation by using appropriate


substitution

xy x dx x dy 0
2

(1 / 2)

Solution: Differential equation is homogeneous as degree of each term is same,


hence we can use either y = ux or x = vy as substitution

Let y ux
dy udx xdu

Substituting y and dy in the given


equation

x 2 ux 2 x 2 dx x 2 udx xdu

u 2 x 2 dx ux 2 dx x 2 dx x 2 udx x 3 du
u 2 x 2 dx x 2 dx x 3 du

x 2 u 2 1 dx x 3 du
8

Separating variable u
(2 / 2)
and x dx
du

is Separable form
2
x 1 u
Integrating both the sides
dx
du
x 1 u2
1
ln x tan u c
y
ln x tan c.
x
1

is general solution of the differential


equation
9

Example:
equation

Show that differential

dy
2
2
3 xy
4x 9 y
dx
Soluti
on:

(1 / 2)
is homogeneous

3xydy 4 x 2 9 y 2 dx
y ux,

dy udx xdv

3 x.ux udx xdu 4 x 2 9u 2 x 2 dx o


3 x 2u 2 dx 3ux 3du 4 x 2 dx 9u 2 x 2 dx o

3ux 3 du 4 x 2 dx 6u 2 x 2 dx x 2 4 6u 2 dx

10

3udu
dx

x
4 6u 2

(2 / 2)

is Separable
form

Integrating both the sides


3udu
dx
4 6u 2 x

1 dz
dx

4 z
x

Let

z 4 6u 2
dz 12udu

1
ln z ln x c
4
1
y2
ln 4 6 2 ln x c.
4
x

is general solution of the differential


equation
11

12

(1 / 3)

13

(2 / 3)

14

(3 / 3)

15

16

(1 / 2)

17

(2 / 2)

is general solution of differential

18

19

20

is general solution of differential


equation

21

Example : By Substitution

22

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