Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
81 views

First Order Linear Diffirential Equation

1. The document discusses solving first-order linear differential equations using integrating factors. 2. Key steps include writing the equation in standard form, finding the integrating factor, and multiplying both sides by the integrating factor to obtain an exact differential that can be integrated. 3. Examples show applying the method to equations in various standard forms and obtaining the general solution.

Uploaded by

Deomasis Patria Vi Narciso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
81 views

First Order Linear Diffirential Equation

1. The document discusses solving first-order linear differential equations using integrating factors. 2. Key steps include writing the equation in standard form, finding the integrating factor, and multiplying both sides by the integrating factor to obtain an exact differential that can be integrated. 3. Examples show applying the method to equations in various standard forms and obtaining the general solution.

Uploaded by

Deomasis Patria Vi Narciso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

First-Ordered Linear Equations

I. Linear Differential Equations of the First Order

The standard form of a linear differential equation of the first order, derived either from
or simply , is written in the following manner:

or simply,

where P and Q are both functions of x.

REMARK: Note that is linear in the dependent variable y and first order in the
derivative of y relative to x. Where the dependent variable is y, the standard form is:

where P and Q are functions of y.

II. Solutions to Linear Equations of the First Order

The solution of , using an integrating factor, is as follows:

Write in the form , that is:

{ }

Note that this is not an exact equation since:

and

which are not equal.

To determine a possible integrating factor, try where the integrating factor is a function of x
alone.

( )

{ }
Therefore and the integrating factor is:

Multiply each term by the integrating factor to obtain

{ }

where ∫

Expand to give

∫ ∫ ∫

Note that the left side of the equation is the exact differential of ∫ so

{ ∫ } ∫

Integrate to give

{ ∫ } ∫ ∫

or simply

where: ∫

REMARK: ∫ therefore represents the solution of the first-ordered linear


equation of . For the other standard form given by , the solution is
likewise:

where: ∫
III. Summary of Solving First Order Linear Differential Equation

1. If the given differential equation is a First Order Linear Differential Equation, write it in its
standard form which is:

where P and Q are both functions of x.

2. Identify the integrating factor, , using the formula:

3. Substitute the integrating factor, , and the or in the formula:

a. For

b. For

4. Integrate and simplify to solve the problem.


IV. Example Problems

Problem 1

Find the general solution of

Solution

a) Expand the given equation and rearrange

which is the standard form of a linear equation of the first order. Here we have

and

b) The integrating factor is:

∫ ∫ ⁄
or

or

c) The solution by ∫ is
∫

And finally, we obtain


Problem 2

Find the complete solution of

Solution

a) Write the given D.E. in the standard form, that is,

where: and

b) The integrating factor is

c) The solution by ∫ is

and
Problem 3

Find the solution of

Solution

a) Divide each term in the given D.E. by and rearrange to get

where:

b) The integrating factor is

∫ ∫ ⁄

or

c) The solution by ∫ is

⁄
∫

Integrate and simplify, hence

⁄
Problem 4

Determine the solution of

Solution

a) Reduce the given equation to the standard form

where: and

b) The integrating factor is

∫ ∫ ⁄

or

c) The solution by ∫ is

∫ ( )

or

d) When , and , so

You might also like