INTIESDsPIS.

LMI
Reffirmation of ANSI/ESD SP/5. l-2005

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-
-

-
-

- For the Protectton of Electrostotic

Dischorge Susceptible ltems

fn-Use Reststance Testing of

O Gloves and Finger Cots

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Electrostatic Disc harge Associalion

A 7900 Turin Roo4 Bldg.3

Rome, NY 13440

An American National Standard

Approved June 15, 201 1
^€rL @
 Airsr/EsD sPl5.1-2011

ESD Associofion Stondord Practice for

the Protecfion of Electrostatic Discharge
Susceptible flems -

In-Use Resistance Testing of

Gloves ond Finger Cots

Approved February 11, 2011

ESD Association

A
^€rL
ASSOCIATION @
 Alrsr/EsD sPl5.1-2011

Electrostatic Discharge Association (ESDA) standards and publications are designed to serve the
CAUTION public interest by eliminating misundestandings between manufacturers and purcfiasers, facilitating
the interchangeability and improvement of products and assisting the purchaser in seleding and
NOTICE obtaining the proper product for his partianlar needs. The existence of sucft standards and
publications shall not in any resped predude any member or rrcF.member of the Association from
manufadurirg or selling produds not conformirg to sucfr standards ard publications. Nor shall the
fact that a standard or publication is published by the Association preclude its voluntary use by non-
members of the Association whether the doorment is to be used either domestically or intemationally.
Recommended standards and publications are adopted by the ESDA in accordance with the ANSI
- Patent policy.

Interpretation of ESDA Standards: The interpretation of stiandards in-so-far as it may relate to a

specific produd or manufacturer is a proper matter for the indMdual company concemed and cannot
be undertaken by any person ading fur the ESDA. The ESDA Standards Chairman may make
comments limiled to an explanation or clarification of the tecfinical language or provisions in a
standard, but not related to its application to specific produds and manufacturers. No other person is
authorized to comment on behalf of the ESDA on any ESDA Standard.

THE CONTENTS OF ESDAS STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS.IS,'AND

DISCI..AIMER OF ESDA UAI(ES NO REPRESENTANONS OR WARRANNES, EXPRESSED OR ITPLIED, OF ANY
WARRANTIES KIND wlTH RESPECT TO SUCH CONTENTS. ESDA I'ISCI.fiMS ALL REPRESEilTANONS
Al{D ITARRANTIES, INCLUDING WTHOUT LIT]ITANON, WARRANTIES OF
TERCHAT{TABILIW, FITNE$9 FOR A PARTICULAR ruRPOSE OR USE, TITLE AND NOT{.
ritFRtirGEtEitT.

ESDA STAIIDARDS AilD PUBLICATIOTIS ARE COI{SIDERED TECHIIICALLY SOUTID AT THE

-DISCI.AITIER OF NTE THEY ARE APPROVED FOR PUBLICATOil. THEY ARE ilOT A SUBSNTUTE FOR A
GUARANTY PRODUCT SELLER'S OR USER'S OUYil JUT'GEMENT UYITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR
PRODUCT DISCUSSED, AND ESDA T'OES NOT UNDERTAKE TO GUARANTEE THE
- PERFORMANCE OF ANY I}IDIVIDUAL TANUFACTURERS' PRODUCTS BY VIRTUE OF SUCH
STANDART'S OR PUBUCATIONS. THUS, ESDA EXPRESSLY DISI.AIIS AXY RESPOI{SIBILITY
FOR DATAGES ARISIilG FROT THE USE, APPLICANOil, OR RELIANCE BY OTHERS Oil THE
IilFORIATION CONTAINED IN THESE STAT{DARDS OR PUBLICATIONS.

ilEtTHER ESDA irOR trs

mEilBERS, OFFICERS, ETPLOYEES OTHER OR
REPRESEilTATIVES WLL BE LIABLE FOR DATAGES ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNEGNON
-
LIMITATION ON
UVITH, THE USE OR MEUSE OF ESDA STAT{DARDS OR PUBLICATIONS, EVEN IF ADVISED
ESDA's LIABILITY
OF THE POSSIBIUTY THEREOF. THIS IS A COTPREHENSIVE LIf,ITATIOI{ OF LIABILITY
THAT APPLIES TO ALL DAtrAGES OF AT{Y KIND, INCLUDING WTHOUT LIf,ITATION, LOSS
oF DATA |NCOIE OR PROF|T, LOSS OF OR DATAGE TO PROPERTY AND CLATS OF
TI{IRD PARTIES.

-
- Published by:

Electrostatic Discharge Assoclation

7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3
Rome, NY 13440

Copyright @ 2011 by ESD Association

All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in

an electronic retrieval system or otheruise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN: 1-58537-19+7
 Arvsr/EsD sP15.1-2011

(Ihis breword is not part of ESD Association Standard Pradioe ANSI/ESD SP15.1-2011)

FOREWORD
This standard practicer is intended to provide test procedures for measuring the intrinsic electrical
resistance of gloves and finger cots; as well as the electrical resistance of gloves or finger cots
and personnel together as a system. Thie standard practice applies to all gloves and finger cots
used to control Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). This standard practice provides data that are
relevant in the use/s specific environment and application.
The test uses ANSI/ESD STM11.11, Surface Resistance Measurement of Static Dissipative
Planar Materials, ANSI/ESD STM 11.12, Volume Resistance Measurement of Static Dissipative
Planar Materials, ANSI/ESD STM 11.13, Two-Point Resistance Measurement of Dissipative and
lnsulative Materials and a Constant Area and Force Electrode (CAFE) specifically designed for
resistance measurements at the thumb and finger-tips. A further advantage of the CAFE is that it
can be used to test finger cots as well as gloves using an identical procedure.
The user of the CAFE test method should note that the in-use resistance of the glove or finger cot
can be much lower than its intrinsic resistance as measured by ANSI/ESD STI!,ll 1.11, STM1 1.12,
or STM11.13. ln addition, once a glove or finger cot is wom it can be measured only once
because the glove or finger cot may be contaminated by a person's skin emissions. This
contamination could affect the accuracy and reproducibility of further measurements on a
particular glove or finger cot. lt is suggested, for the best reproducibility for a test group, that
gloves or finger cots be selected ftom the same lot. ln the case of testing ficr lot-to.lot product
auditing, compliance verification or variation, gloves or finger cots should be selected fom
multiple lots.
Elec{rical resistance is one property that can be used to evaluate the electrostatic characteristics
of gloves. Hourever, resistance does not fully charac{erize these materials. An additional
property to be considered in the selection and use of gloves and finger cots includes charge
accumulation. Suggested test methods for personnel and glove and ftnger cot charging will be
forthcoming.
A common souroe of electrostatic charge in a work environment is the separation of gloves from
the items being picked-up or released, resulting in the generation of electrostatic charge that can
accumulate on personnel, gloves or finger cots and induced into items. The effect of this
generation and accumulation of electrostatic charge can be minimized with appropnate selection
of glove or finger cots. To effectively control electrostatic discharge on personnel and equipment,
gloves and finger cots must be used in combination with other grounding devices.
A glove material, which is conductive enough to discharge a person or an object, may also pose a
safety hazard. The work performed on an ESD susceptible item often entails the use of tools and
test instruments that operate at voltages high enough to cause electrical shock. The presence of
a material tested using the methods described in this document will not guarantee personnel
safety. This document includee teet methods that may be applicable for measurernent of gloves
and fingers cots that reside in the condudive range, however, effects due to skin resistance and
electrode resistance may create significant enors. Test voltage may also be an issue for
conductive materials.
Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions and pertinent data), which may be
of use in improving future versions of this document, should be addressed to ESD Association,
Chairperson Subcommiftee Workgroup - Gloves, 7900 Turin Rd., Bldg. 3, Rome, NY 13440.

1
ESD Association Standard Practioe (SP): A proedure for performing one or more operations or functions
that may or may not yield a test result. Note, if a test result is obtained it may not be reproducible.

I
Arvsr/EsD sP15.1-2011

This standard practice was originally approved on September 11, 2005 and was designated
ANSI/ESD SP15.1-2005. This standard practice is a reaffirmation of ANSI/ESD SP15.1-2005
and was approved on February 13, 2011.
Two editorial changes were made from the 2005 version. The definitions were removed from
Section 3.0 and users were refened to the website for a complimentary download. Also, "wrist
cuff' was replaced with 'wristband" to align with ANSI/ESD 51.1.
At the time ANSI/ESD SP15.1-2011 was prepared, the 15.0 Gloves Subcommittee had the
following members:
Eugene Chase, Chair
ElectreTech Systems, lnc.

Laurie Casselman Jay Hamlin Timothy Prass

QRP, lnc. Medtronic Raytheon

Jose Sancho Julius Turangan Robert J. Vermillion

NASA/GSFC/Honeywell TSI Ovation, lnc. RMV Technology Group, lnc.

Stanley WeiE
ElectroTecfi Systems, lnc.

At the time ANSI/ESD SP15.1-2005 was prepared, the 15.0 Gloves Subcommittee had the
following members:

Gene Chase, Chair

ElectroTech Systems, lnc.
Alan Barber
Tom Albano Bill Casselman
Dour Reichhold Specialty
ITT Space Systems Division QRP, lnc.
Latex
Steve Gerken Arleigh Hartkopf Tim Janett
United States Air Force Ansell Healthcare Guidant Corporation
Johanna Morris Carl Newberg
Rick Rodrigo
Components lntel de Costa Rivers Edge Technical
SIMCO
Rica Service
Julius Turangan Stan Weitz
Western Digital Electro-Tech Systems, lnc.

The following individuals contributed to the development of ANSI/ESD SP15.1-2005:

David E. Swenson
Jacquana T. Diep Mike Manders
Affinrty Static Control
Advanced Micro Devices United States Air Force
Gonsulting, LLC
Julie Vaughn
Noveon, lnc

ll
 AA,S,/ESD 5P15.1-2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE... 1

1.1 Punpose 1

1.2 Scope 1

2.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS.... 1

3.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS 1

4.0 PERSONNEL SAFEW 1

5.0 EQUIPMENT 2

6.1 Snuple Sze. 2

6.2 Snuplr PRepnnnrloN... 2
6.3 Sunrnce nruo Vor-uue ResrsrANCE MeesuRrMENTS or Glove MnreRrRt 2
6.4 Two-Porrur ResrsraNce MenSuREMENTS or Flruoen Cor MnreRtAL........ 3
6.5 BRsrlrrue ResrsreNcg MeaSUREMENTor OpennroR......... 3
6.6 LowVolrncr Sysreu Rrsrsrnruce Tesr (Less rHAN 1.0 x 106 OHrvrs).. . 3
6.7 Low Volrnce Sysreu Resrsrnruce Tesr (Gneeren IHAN 1 .0 x 106 Onusl . 4
6.8 Hrcu Volrnce SysrEtvt, Hteu Restsreruce Tesr (Gnenren rHAN 1.0 x 107 OHr'as1. 4

7.0 TEST RESULTS 5

8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 9

FIGURES:
Figure 1: Constant Area and Force Eleclrode (CAFE)... 5
Figure 2: Photo of CAFE Test Setup............. 6
Figure 3: Resistance Test Data Sheet 7
Figure 4: Constant Area and Force Electrode (CAFE) Gloves/Finger Cot Test Data Sheet I

lll
ESD Assoclation Standard Practice ArvsZEsD sP15.1-2011

ESD Association Standad Practice for the Protection of Electrostatic Dlscharge

Susceptible ltems - ln-Use Resistance Measurement of Gloves and Finger Gots

I.O PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1.1 Purpose
This document provides test procedures for measuring the intrinsic electrical resistance of gloves
and finger cots, as well as their electrical resistance, together with personnel as a system. The
system test provides data that are relevant to the use/s specific environment and application.

t.2 Scope
This document applies to all gloves and finger cots used as part of a user defined Electrostatic
Discharge (ESD) Control Program.
This doanment is intended to provide test procedures for measuring the electrical resistance of
gloves or finger cots. lntrinsic resistance measuremenB include surface, volume, and point-to
uln-use'
point resistance using ANSI/ESD STMI 1.11, STM1 1.12, and STMI 1.13, respectively.
resistance measurement of the glovelfinger cot and personnel together as a system is defined
using a constiant area force electrode (CAFE).
The reslstance of the glove or finger cot may be much lower during use than its intrinsic
resistance due to the interior of the glove/finger cot becoming hydrated once it is placed on the
hand/finger of the operator.

2.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

ESD ADVI .0, ESD Association's Glossary of Terms2
ANSI/ESD 51.1, Wist Straps2
ANSI/ESD STM1 1.11, Surface Resistance Measurement of Static Dissipative Planar Materials2
ANSUESD STM1 1.1z,Volume Resistance Measurement of Static Dissipative Planar Materials2
ANSI/ESD STMI 1.13, Two-Point Resistance Measurement of Dissipative and lnsulative
Materials2

3.0 DEFINITION OF TERIiS

The terms used in the body of this document are in accordance with the definitions found in
ESD ADV1.0, ESD Association's Glossary of Terms, available for complimentary download at
http://urww. esda. org.

4.0 PERSONNEL SAFEW

The procedures and equipment described in this document may expose personnel to hazardous
electrical conditions. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment that
complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes and both extemal and intemal policy. Users are
cautioned that this document cannot replace or supersede any requirements for personnel safety.
Ground f;ault circuit intem.rpters (GFCI) and other safety protection should be considered
wherever personnel might come into contact with electrical sources.

'ESD Association, 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3, Rome, NY 13440; Ph: 31S3396937; FAX: 31$339€793;
www.esda.oro

I
 ANSUESD 5P15.1-2011

Electrical hazard reduction practices should be exercised and proper grounding instructions for
equipment should be followed.

5.0 EQUIPMENT
5.1 A wrist strap with a ground cord containing an integral one megohm resistor.
Since an integral one megohm resistor is included in series with the wrist strap, the actual lower
limit for the resistance measurement using this ground cord will be in the single-digit megohm
range. The integral one megohm resistor should be verified using the test method described in
ANSI/ESD S1.1.

5.2 A wrist strap with a ground cord that does not contain an integral one megohm resistor.

5.3 Low Resistance Meter

A DC ohmmeter shall be used for gloves that have intrinsic or in-use resistances less than
1.0x106 ohms. The DC ohmmeter shall be capable of measuring a DC resistance of 0.1 ohm
through 10 megohms t 10% with an open circuit voltage greater than 1.5 volts and less than
10 volts.

5.4 High Resistance Meter

5.4.1 The meter shall have an output voltage of 100 volts (t SYo) while under load for
measurements of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above, and 10 volts (t 5%) while under load for
measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms.

5.4.2 The meter must be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms (+ 1Ao/o
accuracy) to 1 .0 x 1 011 ohms (l 1Oo/o accuracy). A power supply and ammeter, or an integrated
instrument that combines those funclions may be used.

5.5 Gonstant Area and Force Electrode (CAFE)

The electrode design, materials, and specifications are shown in Figure 1

6.0 MATERIAL TESTING

6.1 Sample Size
Six specimens of each gtove or finger cot type are required for this test procedure

6.2 Sample Preparation

6.2.1 Standard test conditions for this testing will be 23 t 3oC, 12o/o t 3o/o R.H. and
50o/o*,5% R.H.

6.2.2 The samples shall be conditioned at the standard conditions for 48 hours minimum.

6.3 Surface and Volume Resistance MeasuremenE of Glove Material

The resistance of glove material shall be conditioned and tested using ANSUESD STM11.11,
Surface Resistance Measurement, and ANSI/ESD STM11.12, Volume Resistance Measurement
at the two humidity conditions listed in Section 6.2.1.

2
Arvsr/EsD sPl5.1-2011

6.4 Two-Point Resistance Measurements of Finger Cot Material

The resistance of finger cot material shall be conditioned and tested using TwoPoint Resistance
ANSI/ESD STM11.13 at the two humidity conditions listed in Section 6.2.1.

6.5 Baseline Resistance Measurement of Operator

The baseline resistance measurement is made with an ungloved operator. The reading verifies
the functionality of the test system and establishes the minimum resistance of the operator only.
All in-use testing should be performed at environmental conditions similar to those in which the
gloves will be used.

6.5.1 This measurement shall be performed using the DC ohmmeter as specified in Section 5.3.

6.5.2 Select the test subject's hand of preference that will eventually be used to wear the
glove/finger cot. Select the thumb and/or finger(s) to be tested. Attaci the wristband to the wrist
of that hand. Attach the ground cord without the one meoohm resistor to one input of the
resistance meter. Ensure that the wristband makes a good connection with the skin. An
appropriate lotion may be used to assure a good connection. lf a lotion is used, use care not to
contaminate the gloves/finger cots during subsequent tests.

6.5.3 Attach the Constant Area and Force Electrode (CAFE) via the banana jack to the other
input of the resistance meter. See Figure 2.

6.5.4 Balance the CAFE on the fingerprint side of the thumb or first finger of choice of the hand
that has the wrist strap connected to it. See Figure 2.

6,5.5 Record the resistance measurement between the electrode on the bare finger and the wrist
strap after 15 seconds elec{rifrcation time. Repeat the test on any other digit that is selected for
testing.

6.5.6 Clean the electrode (CAFE) with isopropyl alcohol prior to performing the following steps.

5.6 Low Voltage System Resistance Test (Less than 1.0 x 106 ohms)
6.6.1 This resistance shall be measured first using an ohmmeter as specified in Section 5.3.

6.6.2 Attach the wristband to the hand that will wear the glove. Attach the wrist strap cord
without the one meoohm resistor to one lead of the ohmmeter. Ensure that the wristband makes
a good connection with the skin.

6.6.3 Attach the (CAFE) to the other lead of the ohmmeter. See Figure 2

6.6.4 Wear the glove and wait a minimum of 15 seconds to begin the electrical testing

6.6.5 Balance the CAFE on the fingerprint side of the thumb or first finger of choice of the hand
wearing the glove. See Figure 2.

6.6.6 Record the resistance after 15 seconds electrification time. lf the resistance measured is
tess than 1.0 x 106 ohms, record the resistance measurement between the electrocle anr{ tha

J
 Arvsr/ESD sP15.1-2011

wristband. Repeat the test on any other digit that was selected for testing. !f the resistance is
greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms, perform the testing as specified in Section 6.7.

A.6.7 Repeat the above procedure for all of the test specimens at both humidity conditions.

6.7 Low Voltage System Reslstance Test (Greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms)
6.7.1 Use a meter capable of applying a voltage of 10 volts as specified in Section 5.4.

0.7.2 Attach the wristband to the hand that will wear the glove. Attach the wrist strap cord
without the one megohm resistor to one input of the resistance meter. Ensure that the wristband
makes a good connection with the skin.

6.7.3 Attach the CAFE to the other input of the resistance meter. See Figure 2.

6.7.1 Wear the glove and wait a minimum of 15 seconds before beginning the electrical testing.

6.7.5 Balance the CAFE on the fingerprint side of the thumb or first finger of choice of the hand
wearing the glove. See Figure 2.

A.7.6 Apply 10 volts to the electrode, and record the_resistance after 15 seconds electrification
time. ltthe resistance measured is less than 1.0 x 107 ohms, then record the resistance reading
between the electrode and the wristband. Repeat the test on any other digit that was selected for
testing. lf the resistance measured is greater than 1.0 x 10' ohms, perform testing as specified in
Section 6.8.

6.7.7 Repeat the above procedure for all of the test specimens at both humidity conditions.

6.8 HighVoltage$Ystam r'tl'F'-r ' irr r! r:5.

A.8,1 Use a meter capable of applying a voltage of 100 volts, as specified in Sec{ion 5.4.

6.8.2,Attach the wristband to the hand that will wear the glove. Attach the wrist strap cord with
the one meoohm resistor to one input of the resistance meter. Ensure that the wristband makes
a good connection with the skin.

A.8,3 Attach the CAFE to the other input of the resistance meter. See Figure 2.

0.8.1 lAlearthe glove and wait a minimum of 15 seconds before beginning the electricaltesting.

A.8.5 Balance the CAFE on the fingerprint side of the thumb or first finger of choice of the hand
wearing the glove. See Figure 2.

4.8.0 Apply 100 volts to the electrode, and record the resistrance afier 15 seconds of
electrification time. Record the resistance measurement between the electrode and the
wristband. Repeat the test on any other digit that was selecled for testing.

6.8.7 Repeat the above procedure for all of the test specimenE at both humidity conditions.

4
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 Arvsr/EsD sPl5.1-2011

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Figure 2: Photo of CAFE Test Setup

6
ANS,/ESD 5P15.1-2011

Material Measurement Data Sheet

Test Facility. Date of Testing:

ConditioningTemperature.-ocConditioningHumidity:-o/oR.H.
Conditioning Time.
Test Temperature: "c Test Humidity: _ o/o R.H
Operator:
Type:
)ot Type:
Glove or Finger Cot Test Voltage: _

Glove or sTMl 1.1 1 sTMl 1 .12 sTMl 1 .13

Finqer Cot # Surface Resistance Volume Resistance Point-to Point Resistance
1

2
3
4
5
6
Average
Std. Dev.
Minimum
Maximum

Glove or sTM11.11 sTM11.12 sTMl 1 .13

Finger Cot # Surface Resistance Volume Resistance Point-to Point Resistance
1

2
3
4
5
6
Average
Std. Dev.
Minimum
Maximum

Figure 3: Resistance Test Data Sheet

7
 Arvsr/ESD sP15.1-2011

Test Facility: of Testing:

Conditioning Temperature: oC Date
Conditioning Humidity: o/o
R.H
Conditioning Time:
oc
Test Temperature: Test Humidity: _ 7oR.H.
Operator:

Bare Finger - Baseline Resistance of Operator:

Finger 1 Finger 2 Finger 3 Finger4 Thumb

Glove Type: Test Voltage:

Glove # Finger 1 Finqer 2 Finqer 3 Finqer 4 Thumb

1

2
3
4
5
6
Averaqe
Std. Dev.
Minimum
Maximum

Data Sum for All

Average Minimum
Std. Dev. Maximum

Glove Type: Test Voltage:

Glove # Finger 1 Finger 2 Finger 3 Finger 4 Thumb

1

2
3
4
5
o
Averaqe
Std. Dev
Minimum
Maximum

Data for All

Average Minimum
Std. Dev. Maximum

Figure 4: Constant Area and Force Electrode (CAFE) Gloves/F'tnger Cot Test Data Sheet

8
ANSI/ESD 5P15.1-2011

8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
ESD TR15.0-01-99 ESD Glove and Finger Cots
ANSUESD 520.20, ESD Association Standard for the Development of an ESD Control Program
for the Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding
Electrically lnitiated Explosive Devices)
ASTM D257-93, Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductan@ of lnsulating
Materials