ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2018 IJESC

Research Article Volume 8 Issue No.4

Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast

Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Sand by Garbage ASH
Krishnaveni.S 1, Jothi.G2, Abdullah.S.K.3, Gokul.A4 , Devarajan.E5, Dhivakar.G6
Assistant Professor1, 2, BE Student3, 4, 5, 6
Department of Civil
Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, India

Abstract:
The utilization of supplementary cementitious materials is well accepted because of the several improvements possible in the concrete
composites and due to the overall economy. The waste material from the industries has been continuously emphasized in the project
work. The present work is to use GGBS (Ground granulated Blast furnace slag) and garbage ash as combined replacement for
ordinary Portland cement and river sand respectively An experimental study has been performed to evaluate compressive strength,
split tensile strength and flexural strength of hardened concrete by partially replacing the cement by 40% of GGBS and various
percentages of garbage ash (0%,10%, 20% & 30%) for M 30 concrete. Compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength are
compared with those of concrete prepared with OPC. The test results indicate that it is possible to produce concrete replacing cement
partially with GGBS and GARBAGE ASH

Keywords: Cement, concrete, GGBS, GARBAGE ASH, Compressive Strength, Split tensile strength. Flexural strength.

I. INTRODUCTION: incorporated into concrete and is therefore considered to be an

environmentally free input material.
Concrete is an artificial material in which the aggregates i.e. both
fine and coarse are bonded together by cement, when mixed with When used in concrete, ground granulated blast furnace slag is a
water. Concrete can also be considered as a material which cementations „material that can act as a partial substitution for
consists of a binding material within which there are embedded Portland cement without significantly compromising the
fragments of aggregates. The demand on concrete is likely to compressive strength [4].
increase in future to match the requirement resulting from
growing population, housing, transportation and other amenities. It was found that compressive strength of concrete increased as
At present, there is scarcity of conventional fine and coarse amount of GGBS increased and after an optimum percentage of
aggregates required for concrete making due to continuous 55% of GGBS, there was a decrease in compressive strength
demand on concrete for construction. For reducing the cost of upon further addition of the slag.
concrete and also to meet the demand, locally available waste
materials, such as, ground granulated blast furnance slag, fly ash, The shrinkage of GGBS and that of normal concrete was found
silica fume, rice husk, saw dust, rock flour and ceramic scrap to be similar (Cervantes & Roesler, 2007) [5]. In this
replacing cement or aggregate can be used [1]. investigation halfway substitution of OPC (53-review) by GGBS
by 40% by add up to weight of OPC and Fine aggregates up to
Among many alternatives, Ground granulated blast furnace slag 30% by Garbage fiery debris.
is the industrial by-product which provide excellent binding
properties to concrete and serve as a replacement of cement[2]. This examination explores the execution of solid blend as far as
In India, the production is about 7.8 million tonnes of GGBS as a compressive quality of cube, flexural strength of beam and split
by-product obtained in the manufacture of pig iron in the blast tensile strength of cylinder for 7 days,14 days and 28 days
furnace. individually

Blast furnace slag is a solid waste discharged in large quantities Scope of this project:
by the iron and steel industry in India. The recycling of these There is wide Scope of investigation of w9ork to be carried out
slags will become an important measure for the environmental for study incorporation of GGBS and Garbage ash cement
protection. Iron and steel are basic materials that underpin (multiblended) concrete in plain concrete and reinforced
mo3dern civilization, and due to many years of research the slag concrete and their performance in normal as well as aggressive
that is generated as a by-product in iron and steel production is environment. It seems GGBS concrete improves the workability
now used as a material in its own right in various sectors [3]. and strength and it improves the level of micro cracking in the
transition zone and thus improves durability of concrete. The has
Ground granulated blast furnace slag from modern thermal to be studied by measuring flexure strength, tensile strength and
power plants generally does not require processing prior to being flexural strength.

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Materials and testing report:

Table.1. Properties Test

Figure.1. GGBS

GARBAGE ASH:
Garbage Ash is a form of ash produced in incineration facilities.
This material is discharged from the moving grate of municipal
solid waste incinerators. Following combustion the ash typically
has a small amount of ferrous metals contained within it. This
ash can be processed to standardize the material and remove.
contaminants in order for it to end as an aggregate.

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURANCE SLAG:

GGBS is used to make durable concrete structures in

combination with ordinary Portland cement and or other
pozzolanic materials. GGBS has been widely used in Europe,
and increasingly in the United States and in Asia (particularly in
India, Japan and Singapore) for its superiority in concrete
durability, extending the lifespan of buildings from fifty years to
a hundred years. Figure.2. Garbage Ash

MIX PROPORTIONING:

Table.2. conventional mix proportion

Mix D: - 0% ASH + 40% GGBS II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBE:
Mix D1: - 10% ASH + 40% GGBS The strength of concrete increases with age. Table shows the
Mix D2: - 20% ASH + 40% GGBS strength of concrete at different ages in comparison with the
Mix D3: - 30% ASH + 40% GGBS strength at 28 days after casting..

Table.3. Compressive Strength of Cube

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The Mix D1 clearly shows concrete attain strength by 7, 14 and The above graph show that compressive strength of cube of 7, 14
28 days strength with respect to the consecutive concrete. The and 28 days of strength with respect to the0% 10 %, 20% and
remaining concrete D2 and D3 are also attain the required 30%of garbage mix proportion
strength of concrete but D3 fails to acquire a very small amount
of strength in 28 days SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CYLINDER:

The tensile strength of concrete is one of the basic and important

properties. Splitting tensile strength test on concrete cylinder is a
method to determine the tensile strength of concrete.

where P=compressive load at failures

L=Length of cylinder

D=Diameter of cylinder
Figure.4. Compressive strength of Cube

Table.4. Split tensile test

The table 8 represent the split tensile strength of the cylinder of test. The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in
standard size and acquire required strength of cylinder in which a specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-
0%,10%, 20 %and 30% of mix garbage ash with 40% GGBS section is bent until fracture or yielding using a three point
flexural test technique. The flexural strength represents the
highest stress experienced within the material at its moment of
yield.

Where F is the load (force) at the fracture point

L is the length of the support (outer) span
b is width
d is thickness

Table.5. Flexural Strength of beam

Figure. 5. Split Tensile Strength of Cylinder

The above graph show that compressive strength of cube of 7, 14

and 28 days of strength with respect to the0%, 10 %, 20% and
30% of garbage mix proportion.

FLEXURAL STRENGTH

Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend The table 5 represent the flexural strength of the beam of
strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, standard size and acquire required strength of beam in 0%,10%,
defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure 20 %and 30% of mix garbage ash with 40% GGBS

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2018 16789 http://ijesc.org/
 [4].KASU NAVEENA, K. ANANTHA LAKSHMI, Assistant
Professor, GVR&S College of Engineering And Technology,
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH GGBS AND
METAKAOLIN. International Journal of Advances in
Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-4,
Issue-2, Aprl.-2017hy4

[5]. Reshma Rughooputh and Jaylina Rana,Partial Replacement

Figure.6. Flexural Strength of beam of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag In Concrete
The above graph show that compressive strength of cube of 7, 14 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
and 28 days of strength with respect to the 0%,10 %, 20% and University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius Journal of Emerging
30% of garbage mix proportion Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 5(5):
340-343© Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2014 (ISSN:
III. CONCLUSION 2141-7016)jeteas.scholarlinkresearch.com

Based on the experimental investigation the following [6].Nandish R,Veekshith,Vaishak A.B, Yogesh D.S,
conclusions are, It is observed that GGBS 40% + garbage ash Vivekananda College of Engineering and Technology, Puttur.-
based concrete have achieved an increase in strength for 10% & Civil Engineering, VCET, Puttur, D.K., Karnataka, India . To
20% replacement of cement at the age of 7 , 14 and 28 days. 2) Study the Partial Replacement of Cement by GGBS & RHA and
The replacement of cement by GGBS not only increases the Natural Sand by M Sand in M30 Grade Concrete, International
compressive strength but also reduces the cement content which Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
decrease in emission of CO2. The most optimized mix of GGBS ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-6, Issue-5). May 2017
40% +garbage ash based concrete is found to be 10% & 20%
from both compressive and split tensile strength of concrete. [7].Moslih Amer Salih, Nima Farzadnia Hik s, Abang Abdullah
However, beyond 40% of replacement, the strength decreases. Abang Ali , Ramazan Demirboga . Development of high
As far as cost is concerned, the cost of GGBS in the market strength alkali activated binder using palm oil fuel ash and
including packaging and transporting is three times less than that GGBS at ambient temperature. Construction and Building
of OPC. Therefore, the partial replacement of OPC in concrete Materials 93 (2015) 289–300
by GGBS & garbage ash, is not only economical but also
facilitates environmental friendly disposal of the waste slag into [8]. Ali Rafeet, Raffaele Vinai , Marios Soutsos, Wei
a useful product, which is generated in huge quantities from the Sha.Guidelines for mix proportioning of fly ash/GGBS based
iron and steel industries. alkali activated concretes. Construction and Building Materials
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