RESEARCH ON GREEN CONCRETE

NEDA RASOLY (2K18/CE/065)

SUPERVISOR
PROF. KONGAN ARYAN

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BAWANA Main road, Delhi, India, 110042
2021
LIST OF CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION CEMENT FLY ASH GREEN CONCRETE

• OBJECTIVES
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• METHODOLOGY
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 7 DAYS
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 28 DAYS
• SULUMP
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the second most consumed entity after water it accounts for around 8 to 10 % of CO2 emersion, so it is
important to minimize the use of cement and replace it with some eco-friendly material. Green concrete is eco-
friendly concrete, which is made of waste material like fly ash, recycled glass, blast furnace slag. The constituents
of this type of concrete generally generate less carbon dioxide as compared to conventional cement. In the history of
the concrete, industry Green concrete is a great revolution. Green concrete was, invented in the year 1998
(Denmark). However, has nothing with color, the main impact of green concrete is to reduce environmental
pollution. Green concrete is, used in the construction of buildings, dams, bridges, and dams.
In this research project fly ash which is used, to improve the quality of concrete is studied. The experimental work
was, conducted on the concrete sample of grade M40 containing fly ash as a replacement of cement in concrete at
20% 25% and 30% weight. The standard cube measures the compressive strength after 7days, and 28 days.

Agricultural Rice husk ash Corncob ash Sawdust ash

waste
Granulated blast furnace
Industrial waste Fly ash Silica flume
slag

Municipal waste Glass Plastics Paper

CEMENT: in construction is a structural material, mainly encompassing water, cement, and aggregate (Fine and
coarse). Cement is the most important ingredient of concrete. Cement is, produced from raw materials such as
limestone, chalk, shale, clay, and sand. Today, concrete use is continually increasing throughout the world due to
concrete basic ingredients availability. The key element of concrete is cement, which has a high environmental
impact. However, the total amount of concrete produced is vast so it is impacts on the environment are quite
significant. Since concrete is the second most consumed entity after water it accounts for around 8 to 10 % of
CO2 emersion, so it is important to minimize the use of cement and replace it with some eco-friendly material.
Among all encompasses of ordinary cement, sand, limestone, and clay requires a high amount of temperature to
heat, which caused 8 to 10 % of CO2 emission throughout the world.

WORLDWIDE CEMENT PRODUCTION ( million metric tons)

2500
2350 2300
2000 2200
1880
1500

1000

500
270 340 340
0 210
China India 50 61Vitnam97 96 67.2 83.4 US 89 90

2010 2015 2019 2020

 FLY ASH

Fly ash produce by combustion of coal and

waste materials in electric generation power
plant. Fly ash is encompasses of aluminum
and siliceous material with sufficient
workability and has significant economic
benefits.
One of the most important application of fly
ash is PPC pavement. Also has been, used
for road pavement and embankment. Flay
ash is eco-friendly material. It is available in
two color and requires less water compare to
Portland cement. High resistance in cold
weather with significant workability and
reducing Carbon dioxide emersion.
GREEN CONCRETE: The quite significance of the green concrete is the reduction of CO2 by 30%. Decrease
environmental pollution. Increase concrete industries use of the waste produced by 20% and reduce the dead load of
the structure. The good thermal and fire resistance of green concrete make it a suitable choice for building
construction. Using green concrete improves the damping resistance of buildings. The compressive strength of the
green concrete with a water ration is more than conventional concrete. However, the flexure strength of the green
concrete is the same as conventional concrete. Maintenance and repairing of green concrete are less than conventional
concrete. All of this behavior makes the green concrete more suitable for structures.

LIMITATION OF USING GREEN CONCRETE BENEFITS OF USING GREEN CONCRETE

• Lifetime of green concrete structures are less compare to • Reduce energy consumption
conventional concrete.
• Reduces carbon dioxide emissions
• Tensile of green concretes is less compare to the Portland
cement mixture of concrete. • used waste material
• Increasing of construction cost caused of using stainless • lasts longer
steel • Good thermal and fire resistance
• Shrinkage and water absorption are higher than
conventional concrete.
OBJECTIVE

 Compressive of M40 grade conventional cube of concrete in days7,

and 28days.

Compressive of M40 grade cube of concrete by

20% replacement of fly ash
25% replacement of fly ash
30% replacement of fly ash
in 7days, and 28days.

 Comparison of compressive of conventional concrete with green

concrete.

Cost comparison of conventional concrete with green concrete.

 LITERATURE REVIEW
PREVIOUS WORK THEORIES CASE STUDY

• IS 3812_Part 1 (2013)
• NEERAJ AGARWAL and NIKHIL fly ash to be used as POZZOLANA in cement, • TOMASZ BŁASZCZYŃSKI and
GARG (2018) cement mortar and concrete in accordance with MACIEJ KRÓL (2015)
Experimental work on concrete sample this standard shall be fly ash only which may be closer implementation possibilities of new
containing fly ash & glass 15%, 30%, and either in as collected condition or beneficiated, ecological geo polymer binders. Noun
45%. segregated or processed. ecological and green concrete.
• IS 2386_Part 1, 4, 3(1963)
Aggregate gradation, specific gravity, impact
value, crushing value, flakiness, and elongation • K.M. LIEW, A.O. SOJOBI, and
• HASMUKH D. MAKAVANA, PROF. tests. L.W. ZHANG (2017)
KISHOR B. VAGHELA, DR. J. R. • IS 4031 4, 5 , 6 (1998) Case study on green concrete, waste
PITRODA (2020)
Cement consistency, setting time and compressive material, and environment in details.
Experimental work on concrete sample strength.
containing of Bela stone powder as •  IS 456 (2000)
replacement of cement 5, 10, 15, and 20%.
The grade of concrete varies greatly in accordance
with the changing proportion of its constituent
materials. The proportion and the ratio, in which
the materials should be mixed together to obtain a
certain grade of the concrete.
• IS 10262 (2009)
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 7 DAYS

(FRESH MATERIAL) (50% RCA MATERIAL & 25% FLY ASH)

S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive
strength (N/mm2) strength (N/mm2)

1 150*150 866 38.49 1 150*150 821 36.5

2 150*150 929 41.29 2 150*150 860 38.2

3 150*150 878 39.0 3 150*150 870 38.2

      39.6N/mm2       37.63N/mm2

(50% RCA MATERIAL & 20% FLY ASH) (50% RCA MATERIAL & 30% FLY ASH)
S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive
strength (N/mm2) strength (N/mm2)

1 150*150 885 39.3 1 150*150 752 33.4

2 150*150 932 41.4 2 150*150 792 35.2

3 150*150 925 41.1 3 150*150 799 35.5

      40.6N/mm2       34.7N/mm2
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 28 DAYS

(FRESH MATERIAL) (50% RCA MATERIAL & 25% FLY ASH)

S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive strength
strength (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

1 150*150 1249 54.8 1 150*150 1181 52.5

2 150*150 1267 56.3 2 150*150 1140 50.7
3 150*150 1341 59.6 3 150*150 1161 51.6
      56.9N/mm2       51.6N/mm2

(50% RCA MATERIAL & 25% FLY ASH) (50% RCA MATERIAL & 30% FLY ASH)
S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive S No Area (mm2) Load (KN) Compressive strength
strength (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

1 150*150 1305 58.0 1 150*150 1100 48.89

2 150*150 1128 50.1 2 150*150 1129 50.18
3 150*150 1256 55.8 3 150*150 1091 48.49
      54.7N/mm2       49.19N/mm2
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT
7DAYS 28DAYS
45 70
41.29 41.4 41.1
39 39.9
40 38.49 38.2 38.7 59.6
58
36.5 60
35.2 35.5 54.8 56.3 55.8
35 33.4 52.5
50.7 51.6
50
50.1 48.89 50.18 48.49
30

25 40

20 30

15
20
10
10
5

0 0
Fresh 20% Fly ash 25% Fly ash 30% Fly ash Fresh 20% Fly ash 25% Fly ash 30% Fly ash

Sample_1 Sample_2 Sample_3 Sample_1 Sample_2 Sample_3

 SULUMP (MM)
250

210
200
200
185 180
170
160 160
150 145
150 140
135
120

100

50

0
Fresh 20% Fly ash 25% Fly ash 30% Fly ash

At 1 hour At 2 hours At 3 hours

 CONCLUSION
• Fly ash is an eco-friendly material, and economical as Price of
Fly ash per Kg = 1.3 INR
RAC per kg = 0.42 INR
Cement per kg = 6.50 INR
• For M40 grade of concrete using fresh material will be 2600 INR/Kg of cement, using 20 % fly ash will
be 2080 INR and using 25% of fly ash will be 1950INR and 30 % of fly ash will be 1820 INR

• By adding Fly ash, the concrete slump of mix design will decrease and workability of the concrete
increases.  

• The compressive strength of concrete will slightly decrease as fly ash increase. But the difference is not
impressive.
 REFERENCE
[1] Green Concrete and its Scope in India, NBM&CW (
https://www.nbmcw.com/article-report/infrastructure-construction/construction-demolition/green-concrete-and-its-scope-in-india.html) (August 2021)

[2] NEERAJ AGARWAL, NIKHIL GARG. Civil Engineering department, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology. A research on green concrete. (12 august 2018)
[3] MR. VARDHAN NAGARKAR1, MR. SANKET PADALKAR, MS. SAMRUDDHI BHAMRE, and MR. AKSHAY TUPE. Experimental Study on Green Concrete.
(April 2017).

[4] Miss. Madhu Vanti. Assistant Professor of Madhav University. Green Concrete (https://madhavuniversity.edu.in/green-concrete.html)
[5] K.M. Liew, A.O. Sojobi, and L.W. Zhang. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Green
concrete: Prospects and challenges. (2017)

[6] Tomasz Błaszczyński and Maciej Król. Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland. Usage of green concrete technology in civil
engineering. (2015)

[7] IS code 2386 (Part _1): 1963 Gradation of aggregates and Flakiness & Elongation index.
[8] IS code 2386 (Part _3): 1963 Specific gravity of aggregates
[9] IS code 2386 (Part _4): 1963 Impact value and crushing value of aggregates
[10] IS code 269: 2015 Cement tests