Impact Test PDF

Jordan University of Science and Technology
Faculty of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department
Engineering Materials Laboratory (IE 462)

Experiment No. 3
“The Impact Tests”
By
Dr. Adel Mahmood Al Hassan
Dr. Mohammed Hayajneh
Objectives
1. To determine the toughness of metals by an impact testing machine.

2. To observe the behavior of metals under high strain rate loading (impact
loading).
3. To examine the difference between the toughness and the impact fracture of the
same tested metal in cold worked or in annealed conditions.
Introduction
As it had been mentioned in previous experiment, that the area under the stress-
strain curve can be used as a measure of the toughness, but this property is usually
measured by the impact tests. The most commonly used tests are the Charpy test
and the Izod test.
Both tests can be carried out by the same machine, which is shown in Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1 An impact testing machine.
1
The heavy pendulum of the machine is released from its stopper and allowed to strike
the test specimen at the bottom of its swing. A proportion of the pendulum’s energy is
absorbed in fracturing the specimen, this absorbed energy to facture the specimen
indicates the toughness of the material, and it can be measured in joules directly from
the scale of the machine. After fracturing the test specimen, the pendulum will rise to a
height lower than the height the pendulum was, before pulling the stopper and
releasing it. Knowing the weight of the pendulum, and the difference between the
pendulum heights before releasing the pendulum and its maximum swing height after
fracturing the specimen, the absorbed energy for fracture can also be determined. But it
is better to get the value of the lost pendulum’s energy in fracturing the specimen
directly as indicated by the pointer on the scale of the impact testing machine.
In the Charpy test the specimen is tested as a simply supported beam and the edge of
the pendulum strikes at mid-span directly behind the milled notch. An Izod test
specimen is tested in cantilever mode. The specimen is firmly clamped in a vice with
the prepared notch levels with the edge of the vice. The impact blow is delivered on
the same side as the notch. Both specimens with their supporting ways and their
dimensions for the Charpy test and Izod test are shown in Figs. 3.2 and 3.3
respectively.
The impact tests have the advantage of revealing the tendency of the metal to
brittleness that is not revealed by the slow strain of the tensile test.
Fig. 3.2 Charpy test and test specimen dimensions.
2
Fig. 3.3. Izod test and test specimen dimensions.
(a) Notch details.
(b) Section through the specimen (at notch).
(c) Position of the specimen in the machine rise, and the
distance between the center of the notch and position of the
striking pendulum.
Brittle fracture is usually a clean fracture with little deformation, and it will show a
granular structure. The ductile fracture usually shows fibrous structure. In very ductile
materials the fracture will not be complete; the specimen bends over, showing slight
tearing from the notch.
Procedure
The procedure differs slightly in the Charpy test and in the Izod test, but the following
general procedure steps can be applied on both of them.
1. Select at least two types of metal for the tests.

2. Use two standard impact test specimens, one of them is cold worked and the
other is annealed from each metal.
3. Put and arrange the test standard specimen on the impact testing machine,
according to the sketches show in Fig. 3.2 or Fig. 3.3, depending on the type of
impact test required.
4. Release the pendulum of the impact-testing machine, and record the amount of
energy indicated by the pointer on the scale of the machine immediately after
the pendulum has struck the specimen, and before it swung back again.
5. Tabulate the recorded absorbed energies of the fractured specimens, according
to the types of test, type of metal and type of treatment of the specimens (cold
worked or annealed).
6. State the differences in absorbed energies caused by different treatment (cold
working or annealing) for each type of tested metals.
7. Compare between the absorbed energies when the same metal of the
specimens, having the same treatment (cold working or annealing), tested by
the two impact testing methods.
8. Examine the fracture of all specimens, and compare between these fractures
according to:
a. The type of the metal.
b. The condition or treatment of each type of metal.
c. The type of the impact test.

Impact Test PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Impact Test PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Impact Test PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the two common types of impact tests described?

What are the differences between a Charpy and Izod test specimen?

Jordan University of Science and Technology

Engineering Materials Laboratory (IE 462)

1. To determine the toughness of metals by an impact testing machine.

Fig. 3.1 An impact testing machine.

Fig. 3.2 Charpy test and test specimen dimensions.

1. Select at least two types of metal for the tests.

You might also like