Expansion-Joint-Catalog Bellows
Expansion-Joint-Catalog Bellows
Expansion-Joint-Catalog Bellows
1. COMPRESSION TEST ON A SINGLE METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT 4. ROUND FABRIC EXPANSION JOINTS
2. HELIUM LEAK TESTING ON EXPANSION JOINTS DUE TO CRITICAL 5. UNIVERSAL GIMBAL METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT
SERVICE REQUIREMENTS 6. GROUP PHOTO OF U.S. BELLOWS ENGINEERS AND DESIGNERS
3. QUALITY CHECKING A SINGLE METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT
LOCAL PHONE FAX TOLL-FREE OUTSIDE TEXAS EMAIL WEBSITE
+1-713-731-0030 +1-713-731-8640 1-800-787-5914 sales@usbellows.com http://www.usbellows.com/
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Background and Facilities ............................................................................................................................ 1
Manufacturing Capabilities and Equipment ......................................................................................... 2
Quality Standards ............................................................................................................................................ 3
EXPANSION JOINTS USING METAL BELLOWS
Bellows Design .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Types and Design Styles ..............................................................................................................................10
Accessories .......................................................................................................................................................15
Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................................................18
Safety Recommendations ...........................................................................................................................21
DESIGN
Pipe Guide Spacing Table ........................................................................................................................... 27
Round Expansion Joint Data Sheet ......................................................................................................... 28
Sample Specification .................................................................................................................................... 29
Installation Instructions .............................................................................................................................. 30
Catalog Flange Data ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Angle Flanges ................................................................................................................................................. 32
Bellows Material ............................................................................................................................................. 33
APPLICATIONS
Applications to Piping Systems ................................................................................................................ 34
SINGLE STYLE
Cycle Life and Rated Movement .............................................................................................................. 42
Data Tables by Nominal Diameter.............................................................................................................45
Multi-ply Stainless Steel Bellows .............................................................................................................. 76
UNIVERSAL STYLE
Cycle Life and Rated Movement .............................................................................................................. 79
Data Tables by Nominal Diameter .......................................................................................................... 82
EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED (X-FLEX STYLE)
Cycle Life and Rated Movement .............................................................................................................. 93
Data Tables by Nominal Diameter ........................................................................................................... 95
RECTANGULAR METAL EXPANSION JOINTS ..........................................................................................................103
THICK-WALL METAL EXPANSION JOINTS ................................................................................................................107
SLIP-TYPE EXPANSION JOINTS ....................................................................................................................................108
HINGED EXPANSION JOINTS .........................................................................................................................................109
GIMBAL EXPANSION JOINTS .........................................................................................................................................109
REFRACTORY LINED EXPANSION JOINTS.................................................................................................................110
FABRIC EXPANSION JOINTS............................................................................................................................................111
PRODUCT SHOWCASE .....................................................................................................................................................112
TERMS OF SALE ...................................................................................................................................................................135
i
PRODUCT SHOWCASE INDEX
DESCRIPTION
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES
QUALITY STANDARDS
Sweco Fab, Inc. has an ASME U stamp and R stamp for pressure vessels.
Our quality assurance and quality control practices are designed to meet the following codes and standards
as applicable:
A hydro test is being performed on a universal metallic expansion joint. The bellows are pressurized
for 30 minutes to proof test the design.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
AERIAL VIEW
U.S. Bellows, Inc., along with its parent company Piping Technology & Products, Inc. and
fellow subsidiaries, share engineering and manufacturing resources at our 35-acre manufacturing
facility in Houston, Texas. U.S. Bellows’ manufacturing facilities are located near the Port of
Houston, the largest port in the United States, for fast and convenient shipping around the world.
We have 450,000 square feet of covered shop space at our manufacturing facility in Houston.
U.S. Bellows extends an invitation to all its customers to come to Houston and visit the plant. This
is the best way to see our people, our facilities, and the many capabilities we have to serve your needs.
Pressure Balanced Metallic Expansion Joints During Fabrication in the U.S. Bellows Shop
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Most bellows fail by circumferential cracking ♦ Insufficient margin of safety regarding stability
resulting from cyclic bending stresses, or fatigue. under pressure - Squirm, described in more
Since the best design is a compromise, or detail below, is a characteristic of all bellows
balance, between pressure strength and flexibility subjected to internal pressure. Each bellows
considerations, it can be concluded that their has a critical pressure at which the convolution
designs have had lower margins of safety regarding side walls begin to deform or the actual bellows
fatigue than they had regarding pressure strength. shape begins to change. These deformations
The years of experience of the engineers who cause the bellows to accept the imposed
developed these bellows assures that the designs deflections differently than they are normally
contained in this catalog and those offered to satisfy expected to and they can no longer perform
customer specifications, will have the performance according to the design equations. The critical
reliability which yields trouble free, safe use. pressure is a function of the bellows’ shape and
actually can change during deflection. If the
Occasionally, a bellows will appear to develop a
basic design is close to its stability limit, the
fatigue crack prematurely, i.e., after being subjected
beginnings of instability may not be visible to
to fewer cycles than analysis indicates they should.
the eye, but the higher than expected bending
These premature failures usually are the result of
stresses will occur during each cycle. Stresses
one or more of the following causes:
are higher particularly at convolutions near
its attachments where the flexible element
♦ Insufficient margin of safety in the design
transitions to the highly rigid end connection.
permitting acceptance of a unit manufactured
within a portion of the dimensional tolerance SQUIRM OR INSTABILITY
range to yield a part which will not satisfy the
As described above, all bellows have a
design - Metallic bellows bending stresses
critical pressure at which they become unstable.
are extremely sensitive to changes in some
Instability can occur in either of two modes, column
dimensions, such as the thickness and the
instability (or squirm), or inplane deformation of the
height of the convolution. These dimensional
convolution side wall.
characteristics often affect the various bending Squirm is the phenomena whereby the
stresses by the square or cube of their differences. centerline of a straight bellows develops a sideways
An understanding of these dimensional factors or lateral bow.
and how they can be controlled during design
and manufacture is the key to preventing this cause
of early failure. A poorly manufactured bellows,
or one that is made to the “wrong” side of the
dimensional tolerances will disappoint the best
design and analysis.
The critical pressure at which this instability that expansion joints may be necessary, is a simple
occurs is a direct function of the diameter and task. The placement of expansion joints, and their
spring rate, and an inverse function of the length. proper selection, still depends upon the designer’s
If the bellows is bent, or angulated, the centerline experience and understanding of how expansion
can begin to move away from the center of joints work, and how the piping must be anchored
curvature. In each case, the effective length of the and supported when expansion joints are used. This
bellows increases, lowering the material available section describes the different types of expansion
to withstand the pressure, thereby increasing the joints available, how they function, what types of
hoop stresses. As the length increases, the tendency deflections they can accept, and what types of forces
to squirm increases and the stresses become higher and movements they can and cannot resist.
and higher until catastrophic failure occurs. A simple To aid in the explanations the following
way to visualize this phenomena is to remember description of the types of movements are given.
that the bellows is a cylinder of given volume.
Internal pressure tries to increase a vessel’s volume. Axial Deflection
Since a bellows is flexible in the axial direction, it
can increase its volume by increasing the length
of its centerline. With the ends fixed, it does so by
simulating the appearance of a buckling column.
TYPE OF DEFLECTIONS
In order to properly apply expansion joints to Axial refers to being parallel to the centerline
piping systems, it is necessary that both the piping of the expansion joint. COMPRESSION is the AXIAL
specialist and the expansion joint designer each deflection which will shorten the bellows length.
understand not only how the piping flexes, but how Often confusion occurs because thermal EXPANSION
the various expansion joint types function and what in the piping will cause the expansion joint to be
they are capable of doing. It may be relatively easy compressed. The specification for an expansion
to visualize that deflections may result from thermal joint should always state the movements as they
expansion or the movements and vibrations of affect the expansion joint, and not as they are
equipment and structures; however, all expansion produced by the system. EXTENSION is the AXIAL
joints do not accept the same types of deflection. deflection which stretches the expansion joint.
Many can accept certain loads and moments, while Piping which is operating at temperatures lower
others are incapable of resisting externally applied than ambient, such as in cryogenic systems, will
forces. Understanding the type, magnitude, and contract, causing the expansion joint to stretch or
direction of these forces and deflections is critical, experience EXTENSION.
not only to the safety of the system, but to its cost.
With today’s piping flexibility computer programs, View our online catalog section for deflections at:
www.usbellows.com/deflections
determining where stresses are excessive, and therefore
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Lateral refers to the direction perpendicular to the When an expansion joint experiences bending about
centerline of the expansion joint (in any plane). Other its center, which is on the centerline and halfway between
terms for this deflection are PARALLEL OFFSET and the ends of the bellows, this deflection is referred to as
TRANSVERSE. This movement occurs with both of the ANGULAR. It can occur in any plane that passes through
ends of the expansion joint remaining parallel to each the centerline, but the plane should be clearly indicated
other, with their centerlines being displaced, or no longer if the expansion joint is more complicated than the
coincident. When analyzing the deflections in a piping simplest type, i.e., only a bellows with flanges or pipe
system, it is not uncommon to find that different lateral ends. As in lateral movements, piping analyses may reveal
deflections can occur in more than one plane. Since an angular deflections occurring in more than one plane.
expansion joint is round, these various deflections must With ANGULAR DEFLECTION, the basis for the proper
be resolved into a single resultant lateral deflection, in selection is the maximum of the various deflections,
order for the bellows to be properly selected in terms of and not the vector sum as in the lateral case. Multiple
the rated LATERAL DEFLECTION shown in this catalog. ANGULAR DEFLECTIONS in multiple planes produce a
The magnitude of the resultant LATERAL DEFLECTION is single ANGULAR DEFLECTION in a single resultant plane.
the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual As in lateral deflection, this plane must be understood if
deflections. The planes of the various deflections must structural components are to be used.
also be clearly understood if the expansion joint is to
contain structural components such as hinges, which
may inhibit movements in certain directions, and if the
individual deflections can occur separately during the
life of the expansion joint.
Elbow Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints 12” Universal Metallic Expansion Joint
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
The expansion joint should not be expected Some hinge types can be provided with hinge
to control the movement of the pipe. If the piping pin holes which are slotted to permit limited
analysis shows that the expansion joint must accept axial travel. These “slotted hinge” types will not
axial compression, then the piping must be guided resist pressure thrust forces, and anchoring must
and constrained so that only that movement will occur. be provided. This catalog only depicts the fully
This expansion joint will not resist any deflections restrained hinged type. If axial travel is desired, the
with any force other than the resistance of the piping designer should clearly state that the slotted
bellows, which is a function of the spring rate times hinge type is wanted in the design requirements, and
the deflection amount. It is incapable of resisting the they should provide for pressure thrust anchoring.
pressure thrust along its axis, which is the product of On the other hand, if the full axial restraint of the
the pressure times the effective, or cross sectional, hinged type is desired, the piping designer should
area of the bellows. Large diameter units, even with understand that there is no allowance in the
low pressures, can generate very large axial pressure expansion joint for any axial travel, including none
thrust forces, which must be reacted by main and for any installation misalignment.
directional anchors. Otherwise the expansion joint
will extend with disastrous results. Gimbal Expansion Joints (U.S. Bellows’ Style G)
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Many times the universal expansion joints movements, a bellows is added beyond the elbow
will be attached directly to pipe elbows as shown with the same cross-sectional area as the ones in
on page 12. As discussed in more detail in the the universal section. This balancing bellows is
Applications section, this arrangement, because of connected by the tie rods to the pipe beyond the
the large lateral deflection capability, accepts the universal section; in this way the pressure thrust is
thermal expansion of relatively long runs of heated contained as tension in the tie rods. The section of
pipe. So that the distance between the elbows does the expansion joint between the tie rods, which
not change due to thermal expansion, the tie rods includes the elbow, is now free to move axially, with
can be connected to the elbows themselves. This the only resistance being a function of the spring
catalog offers this type of arrangement as one of the rates of the bellows. Because of their arrangement,
standards, and can be seen on each of the universal however, the spring rate of the entire expansion
expansion joint pages, along with their dimensions joint is the sum of the spring rates of the balancing
and performance characteristics. and the universal bellows. This is a constant volume
system, in that when the universal end compresses,
Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joints the balancing end extends the same amount. All of
(U.S. Bellows’ Style PBE) the lateral deflection is absorbed by the universal
end, and there is no lateral deflection imposed on
the balancing end. Therefore, the balancing bellows
is almost always a single bellows type.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
14” I.D. In-line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint Externally Pressurized Expansion Joints
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
♦ Internal sleeves should not be used where Internal liners are almost always welded into
high viscosity fluids such as tars, etc., are being the expansion joint. However, if the Van-Stone
transmitted, since these fluids may cause flange end connection is specified, the U.S. Bellows
“packing up,” “coking” and “caking” which, in liner will have its own flange and will be captured
turn, may cause premature expansion joint between the flanges at the upstream connection
failure. Where the fluid is such that purging will into the piping.
effectively prevent the “packing up,” internal
sleeves may be used in conjunction with purge Protective Cover (C)
connections.
Single Metallic Expansion Joint with Two Limit Rods Universal Metallic Expansion Joints with Limit Rods
Rectangular Metallic Expansion Joint with Protective Covers 48” Universal Expansion Joints with Protective Covers
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EXPANSION JOINT. Any device containing expansion joints will assure installation without
one or more bellows used to absorb dimensional initial lateral or angular misalignment and can be
changes, such as those caused by thermal expansion installed in pipelines where reverse flow will be
or contraction of a pipeline, duct, or vessel. encountered. NOTE: The use of an internally guided
FLANGED ENDS. The ends of an expansion expansion joint does not eliminate the necessity of
joint equipped with flanges for the purpose of using adequate external pipe guides.
bolting the expansion joint to the mating flanges LIMIT ROD. Devices, usually in the form of rods
of adjacent equipment or piping. or bars, attached to the expansion joint assembly
GIMBAL EXPANSION JOINT. A gimbal whose primary function is to restrict the bellows
expansion joint is designed to permit angular movement range (axial, lateral and angular) during
rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs of normal operation. They are designed to prevent
hinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring. over-extension or over-compression of the bellows
The gimbal ring, hinges and pins must be designed while restraining the full pressure loading and
to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint due to dynamic forces generated by a main anchor failure.
internal pressure and extraneous forces, where PANTOGRAPH LINKAGE. A scissor-like device.
applicable. A special form of control rod attached to the
HINGED EXPANSION JOINT. A hinged expansion joint assembly whose primary function
expansion joint contains one bellows and is is to positively distribute the movement equally
designed to permit angular rotation in one plane between the two bellows of the universal joint
only, by the use of a pair of pins through hinge throughout its full range of movement. Pantograph
plates attached to the expansion joint ends. linkages, like control rods, are not designed to
The hinges and hinge pins must be designed to restrain pressure thrusts.
restrain the thrust of the expansion joint due to PIPE ALIGNMENT GUIDE. A pipe alignment
internal pressure and extraneous forces, where guide is a form of framework fastened to some
applicable. Hinged expansion joints should be rigid part of the installation which permits the
used in sets of two or three to function properly. pipeline to move freely along the axis of the pipe.
INTERNAL SLEEVE. A device which minimizes Pipe alignment guides are designed primarily for
contact between the inner surface of the bellows of use in applications involving lateral deflection and
an expansion joint and the fluid flowing through it. angular rotation.
These devices have also been referred to as liners, PIPE SECTION. A pipe section is that portion
telescoping sleeves, etc. of a pipeline between two anchors. All dimensional
INTERNALLY GUIDED EXPANSION JOINT. An changes in a pipe section must be absorbed
internally guided expansion joint is designed to between these two anchors.
provide axial guiding within the expansion joint by
incorporating a heavy internal guide sleeve, with or
without the use of bearing rings. The use of such
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PLANAR PIPE GUIDE. A planar pipe guide is SINGLE EXPANSION JOINT. The simplest form
one which permits transverse movement and/or of expansion joint, of single bellows construction,
bending of the pipeline in one plane. It is commonly designed to absorb all of the movements of the pipe
used in applications involving lateral deflection or section in which it is installed.
angular rotation resulting from “L” or “Z” shaped SWING EXPANSION JOINT. A swing expansion
piping configurations. joint is designed to absorb lateral deflection and/
PRESSURE BALANCED EXPANSION JOINT. A or angular rotation in one plane. Pressure thrust
pressure balanced expansion joint is designed to and extraneous forces are restrained by the use of
absorb axial movement and/or lateral deflection a pair of swing bars, each of which is pinned to the
while restraining the pressure thrust by means of expansion joint ends.
tie devices interconnecting the flow bellows with TANGENT. The straight unconvoluted portions
an opposed bellows also subjected to line pressure. at the end of the bellows.
This type of expansion joint is normally used where a TIE ROD. Devices, usually in the form of rods
change of direction occurs in a run of piping but can or bars, attached to the expansion joint assembly
be designed as an in-line device where no change whose primary function is to continuously restrain
of direction is necessary. The flow end of a pressure the full pressure thrust during normal operation
balanced expansion joint sometimes contains two while permitting only lateral deflection. Angular
bellows separated by a common connector, in rotation can be accommodated only if two tie rods
which case it is called a universal pressure balanced are used and located 90 degrees opposed to the
expansion joint. direction of rotation.
PURGE CONNECTION. Purge connections, UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINT. A universal
where required, are usually installed at the sealed expansion joint is one containing two bellows
end of each internal sleeve of an expansion joint joined by a common connector for the purpose
for the purpose of injecting a liquid or gas between of absorbing any combination of the three basic
the bellows and the internal sleeve to keep the area movements, i.e. axial movements, lateral deflection,
clear of erosive and corrosive media and/or solids and angular rotation. Universal expansion joints are
that could pack the convolutions. Purging may usually furnished with control rods to distribute
be continuous, intermittent or just on start-up or the movement between the two bellows of
shut- down, as required. These are sometimes called the expansion joint and stabilize the common
aeration connections. connector. This definition does not imply that only
SHIPPING DEVICE. Rigid support devices a universal expansion joint can absorb combined
installed on an expansion joint to maintain the movements.
overall length of the assembly for shipment. These WELD END. The ends of an expansion joint
devices may also be used to pre-compress, pre- equipped with pipe suitably beveled for welding
extend or laterally offset the bellows. to adjacent equipment or piping.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
♦ The bellows material shall be specified by the ♦ The maximum, minimum and installation
user and must be compatible with the flowing temperatures shall be accurately stated.
medium, the external environment and the Where the ambient temperature can vary
operating temperature. Consideration shall be significantly during pipeline construction,
given to possible corrosion and erosion. The pre-positioning of the expansion joint at
300 Series stainless steels may be subject to installation may be required.
chloride ion stress corrosion. High nickel alloys ♦ The manufacturer shall be advised if the
are subject to caustic induced stress corrosion. expansion joint will be insulated. Insulation
The presence of sulfur may also be detrimental details shall be furnished to the manufacturer in
to nickel alloys. The material chosen shall also be order to properly design the component parts.
compatible with the environment surrounding ♦ The movements which are to be absorbed
the expansion joint, water treatment and cleaning by the expansion joint shall include not only
materials. In some cases, leaching of corrodents piping elongation or contraction, but also
from insulating materials can be a source of movement of attached vessels, anchors, etc.
corrosion. and the possibility of misalignment during
♦ Internal sleeves shall be specified in all installation. Unless included in the design
applications involving flow velocities which requirements, misalignment of the expansion
could induce resonant vibration in the bellows joint must be avoided. Where movements are
or cause erosion of the convolutions resulting cyclic, the number of cycles expected shall be
in premature failure. specified. Similar to pressure, the movements
♦ The system design pressure and test pressure specified must be realistic. An excessive safety
shall be specified realistically without adding factor can often result in an expansion joint
arbitrary safety factors. Excess bellows material which is unnecessarily flexible; thus its stability
thickness required for unrealistic pressures under pressure is unnecessarily reduced.
will often produce an adverse effect on the ♦ If the flowing medium can pack or solidify,
bellows fatigue life or increase the number provisions shall then be made to prevent the
of convolutions required which may reduce entrapment or solidification of the material in
the stability of the bellows. In the case of high the convolutions which could result in damage
temperature applications, it may not be possible to the expansion joint or pipeline.
to test the expansion joint to 1.5 times the ♦ Internal sleeves are usually installed in the direction
equivalent cold pressure rating of the system. of flow. If stagnant flow medium trapped behind
This results from the various materials employed the sleeve is undesirable, drain holes in sleeve,
in the construction of the expansion joint, purge connections, or packing shall be specified.
temperature gradient utilized in the design, Where backflow will be encountered, an extra-
pressure stability criteria, anchor strength, etc. heavy sleeve shall be specified to prevent buckling
The manufacturer must be consulted. of sleeve and possible damage to the bellows.
♦ The predicted amplitude and frequency of thrust in the event of an anchor failure. Such
external mechanical vibrations to be imposed rods would normally remain completely passive
on the bellows, such as those caused by until the anchor restraint is removed.
reciprocating or pulsating machinery, shall be ♦ A two-ply or two concentric bellows design may
specified. A resonant condition in the bellows be employed with each ply or bellows designed
will result in a grossly reduced fatigue life and to contain the full line pressure. The annular
must be avoided. The expansion joint designer space between the plies or concentric bellows
will attempt to provide a non-resonating can be monitored continuously for leakage by
design; however, the ability to always assure means of suitable instrumentation. A change in
non-resonance is impossible. Therefore, field pressure in the annulus could be used to detect
modifications to the expansion joint or other bellows leakage.
system components may be necessary.
The system designer shall provide for the
accessibility of components (anchors, expansion
The piping system drawings shall specify the
joints, guides, etc.) in the piping system for periodic
location of all anchors, guides, supports and fixed
points. Both the anchors and guides must be inspection after initial start up.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
♦ Is any expansion joint misaligned? This can be absorbed by the expansion joints in the manner
determined by measuring the expansion joints’ for which they were designed. The bellows shall be
overall length, inspection of the convolution inspected for evidence of unanticipated vibration.
geometry, and checking clearances at critical A program of periodic inspection shall be
points on the expansion joint and at other planned by the system designer and conducted
points in the system. throughout the operating life of the system. The
♦ Are the bellows and other movable portions of frequency of these inspections will be determined
the expansion joint free of foreign material? by the service and environmental conditions
involved. These inspections should include the
INSPECTION DURING AND IMMEDIATELY items noted previously as well as an examination for
AFTER SYSTEM PRESSURE TESTS signs of external corrosion, loosening of threaded
WARNING: EXTREME CARE MUST BE EXERCISED fasteners and deterioration of anchors, guides
WHILE INSPECTING ANY PRESSURIZED SYSTEM OR and other hardware. IT MUST BE UNDERSTOOD
COMPONENT. THAT THIS INSPECTION PROGRAM, WITHOUT ANY
A visual inspection of the system shall include OTHER BACKUP INFORMATION, CANNOT GIVE
checking for the following: EVIDENCE OF DAMAGE DUE TO FATIGUE, STRESS
♦ Evidence of leakage or loss of pressure. CORROSION OR GENERAL INTERNAL CORROSION.
♦ Distortion or yielding of anchors, expansion THESE CAN BE THE CAUSE OF SUDDEN FAILURES
joint hardware, the bellows and other piping AND GENERALLY OCCUR WITHOUT ANY VISIBLE
components. OR AUDIBLE WARNING. Where the critical nature of
♦ Any unanticipated movement of the piping due to the system warrants, it may be necessary to devise
pressure. means for minimizing the probability of this type
♦ Evidence of instability (squirm) in the bellows. failure, including periodic preventative replacement
♦ The guides, expansion joints and other moveable of critical system components.
parts of the system shall be inspected for evidence Where any inspection reveals evidence of
of binding. malfunction, damage or deterioration, this shall
♦ Any evidence of abnormality or damage shall be be reviewed by a competent design authority for
reviewed and evaluated by competent design resolution.
authority.
SYSTEM OPERATION
PERIODIC INSERVICE INSPECTION A record shall be maintained of any changes
in system operating conditions (i.e. pressure,
WARNING: EXTREME CARE MUST BE EXERCISED
temperature, thermal cycling, water treatment)
WHILE INSPECTING ANY PRESSURIZED SYSTEM OR
and piping modifications. Any such change shall
COMPONENT.
be reviewed by a competent design authority to
Immediately after placing the system in
determine its effect on the performance of the
operation, a visual inspection shall be conducted
anchor, guides and expansion joints.
to insure that the thermal expansion is being
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
TYPICAL CAUSES OF EXPANSION JOINT FAILURE ♦ Improper anchoring, guiding and supporting of
Bellows expansion joints which have been the system.
properly designed and manufactured for specified ♦ Anchor failure in service.
piping system conditions have given many years ♦ Bellows corrosion, both internal and external.
of satisfactory service. Failures, of course, have ♦ System over-pressure (in-service or hydrostatic
occurred which are of concern both to users and to test).
reputable expansion joint manufacturers. Failures ♦ Bellows vibration (mechanical or flow induced
can occur for many reasons, but experience has resulting in high cycle fatigue).
shown that certain causes of failure fall into fairly ♦ Excessive bellows deflection (axial, lateral, angular
distinct categories. The following list, which shows deflections greater than design values).
some typical causes but is by no means all-inclusive, ♦ Torsion.
is presented with the intent that, as knowledge of ♦ Bellows erosion.
the causes of failure becomes more widespread, ♦ Packing of particulate matter in the bellows
action can be taken to prevent or minimize these convolutions which inhibits proper movement of
occurrences. the bellows.
♦ Shipping and handling damage.
Examples: Denting or gouging of bellows from
being struck by hard objects (tools, chain falls,
forklifts, adjacent structures, etc.); improper
stacking for shipping or storage; insufficient
protection from weather or other adverse
environmental conditions.
♦ Improper installation and insufficient protection
during and after installation.
Examples: Joints with internal liners installed Refurbished Single 4” Diameter Expansion Joint in One Day
in the reverse direction with respect to flow;
installing an expansion joint in a location other
than as prescribed by the installation drawings;
premature removal of shipping devices; springing
of bellows to make up for piping misalignment;
insufficient protection from mechanical damage
due to work in the surrounding area; insufficient
protection of bellows during nearby welding
operations and failure to remove shipping devices Replacement Metallic Expansion Joint Fabricated and
Installed Within Two Days
before placing system in operation.
View online catalog section for expansion joint
failures: www.usbellows.com/failures
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
ROUND EXPANSION JOINT DATA SHEET Use our online quote form: www.usbellows.com/quote
Customer: Date: Page
Project: Prepared By:
Applicable Codes and Standards: B31.1, B31.3, Sect 8 Div 1
Item or Tag Number:
Quantity:
Size:
Orientation:
Style or Type (single, universal, hinged, gimbal, etc.):
END Thickness/Flange Rating
CONNECTIONS Material
Design
PRESSURE
Operating
(PSI/INCHES WATER)
Test
Design
TEMPERATURE Operating
Installation
Media
MEDIA Flow Velocity
Flow Direction
Axial Extension
Axial Compression
INSTALLATION Lateral
Angular
Number of Cycles
Axial Extension
MOVEMENTS Axial Compression
AND DESIGN Lateral
CYCLE LIFE Angular
Number of Cycles
Axial Extension
Axial Compression
OPERATING Lateral
Angular
Number of Cycles
Bellows
MATERIALS Liner
Cover
Overall Length
DIMENSIONS Maximum O.D.
Minimum I.D.
Maximum Axial Spring Rate
SPRING RATES Maximum Lateral Spring Rate
Maximum Angular Spring Rate
Bellows Long Seam Weld
Bellows Attachment Weld
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Piping
U-2 Forms
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
The summary of flange data listed below is offered as a guide to assist designers in selecting the most
economical flanges for their piping system. When selecting a bellows from the catalog data pages that
will have flanged connections, it is important that the system designer confirm that the flanges they have
selected have an adequate pressure rating for the given temperature. There may be instances where the
bellows has a higher pressure rating than the flange does at the design temperature.
The service temperature ratings shown below have been taken from Taylor Forge Catalog #571. Where
elevated temperature data was not available, the service pressure ratings were obtained by down rating the
ambient pressure rating in accordance with ASME Code strength versus temperature correction factors.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
DIAMETER INSIDE DIAMETER THICKNESS HEIGHT WIDTH WEIGHT BOLT CIRCLE BOLT HOLE NUMBER
www.usbellows.com 33
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
In this first example, a long straight pipe, In this example, the same line contains a
anchored at each end, must expand thermally. A reducer, and therefore, the pipe run consists of two
single type expansion joint is used with intermediate different diameters. Since the pressure thrust on the
pipe guides. Good practice dictates that the main anchors is a function of the pressure times the
expansion joint be located as close as possible to one cross-sectional area of the expansion joints, if only
of the anchors, in this case adjacent to the elbow. The one expansion joint of either pipe size were to be
first guide should be located as close as possible to used, a portion of the pressure thrust would exist
the expansion joint, so that the deflection is limited in the pipe wall as a compression force, tending to
to the expected axial direction. The second guide buckle or bow the pipe. By locating a main anchor
is located relatively close to the first to prevent any at the reducer, the thermal expansion of each pipe
bowing of the pipe, and again to ensure that the section is confined to that pipe section, and an
end of the pipe at the expansion joint attachment expansion joint is provided for each section. In this
moves in only the expected axial direction. The case, the expansion joints are located on either side
spacing of the remaining guides should follow the of the reducer, which satisfies the need to locate
recommendations of the EJMA standards, which are them near an anchor. The rules for pipe guiding
contained in this design manual. should be the same as mentioned above.
EXAMPLE 5
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EXAMPLE 7 EXAMPLE 8
As in Example 6, a single expansion joint When anchoring to absorb the pressure thrust
absorbs, as lateral deflection, the thermal expansion shown in the previous example is impractical, or
of the long horizontal pipe run. The benefit of this uneconomical, an arrangement using a tied single
arrangement is that the anchoring to restrain the expansion joint can be used as shown above. The
tie rods are tension devices which act the same as This arrangement is similar to Example 8, except
the pipe wall in resisting or carrying the pressure that the need for the long horizontal pipe to accept
thrust. As a result, the length of the expansion joint bending is reduced or eliminated, by the attachment
becomes fixed, and the unit cannot absorb the axial of the tie rods from elbow to elbow. Thus, the length
deflection produced by the thermal expansion of of the vertical pipe between the elbows, including
the pipe in which it is installed. The expansion the expansion joint, is fixed.
joint will absorb, as lateral deflection, the thermal All the thermal expansion of the vertical leg
expansion of the long horizontal pipe. Since the is absorbed by the bellows within the tie rods.
short vertical pipe length will change due to the Some bending of the long pipe will occur due
rotation of the tie rods and the thermal expansion to the rotation of the tie rods during the lateral
of its elbows and hot pipe, the horizontal pipe will deflection. However, since the rods now cover a
bend. Therefore a planar guide is provided as shown. longer distance, the angle they must rotate for a
This arrangement will only work if the horizontal given lateral deflection is considerably reduced.
pipe can accept the bending. Usually it is practical
and economical for small vertical movements and/ EXAMPLE 10
or long horizontal pipe runs.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
growth of two horizontal pipes in two different the pipe is inclined, or the elevation of the anchor
planes. The example is almost identical to Example 8, of each vessel is different, the vertical thermal
except that the lateral deflections must be analyzed expansion creates a lateral deflection vector, which
as vectors. The real deflection of the expansion joint is easily accepted by the universal type of expansion
is a single resultant lateral deflection in a single joint.
resultant plane. The axial thermal expansion of In this application, because the pipe and
the pipe length that includes the expansion joint expansion joint are horizontal, or inclined, the
is absorbed within the expansion joint and by weight of pipe spool between the bellows must be
bending the pipes just as in Example 8. considered in the final design. Tie rods which do not
The expansion joint can also have the tie rods restrain the thrust or control rods, can be added to
attached to the elbows, as in Example 9, and achieve suspend the center spool. Similarly, slotted hinges
the same benefits, but the deflections must still be can be added over each bellows. Another mechanism
determined as vectors, as above. for the same purpose is a pantographic linkage.
The advantage of the pantograph is that it
EXAMPLE 11 automatically distributes the axial deflection equally
between the two bellows without the addition of
other devices.
EXAMPLE 12
EXAMPLE 13
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EXAMPLE 14 EXAMPLE 16
EXAMPLE 17 EXAMPLE 19
EXAMPLE 18
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
1. Assume the following expansion joint design those shown in the catalog, keeping in mind
a) Line size: 16-inch nominal diameter. are for 3000 cycles for one movement only.
raised face slip-on flanges; ASTM A-105 O.A.L. will meet the criteria for all the movement
www.usbellows.com 43
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
78” Diameter Thick-Wall Flanged and Flued Head 10’ Square Fabric Expansion Joints for a Flue Gas Application
Expansion Joint
View our online catalog at: www.usbellows.com/catalog
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R MOVEMENTS
A E
M S T
E S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
AXIAL L A L A O
T U ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
E R T G X T G S
R E E U I E U I
C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
11.9 152 3.18 305 2.73 229 3.18 23.4 7.11 11 5 10 1.1 0.0088
90 9 7 15 7 12 7 1.87 1.03 10 169 93 6 0.0048
3
6.3 229 3.18 381 3.18 305 3.18 47.5 26.2 11 3 2 0.6 0.0049
www.usbellows.com 45
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 16.12 in2 (104 cm2) 3-1/2-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R MOVEMENTS
A E
M S T
E S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
AXIAL L A L A O
T U ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
E R T G X T G S
R E E U I E U I
C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
11.9 152 10.5 305 3.64 229 6.82 22.9 5.84 11 6 16 1.6 0.0132
100 9 24 15 8 12 16 1.75 0.84 10 194 141 9 0.0072
3.5
7.0 229 10.9 381 3.64 305 7.27 44.5 21.3 11 3 3 0.9 0.0073
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R MOVEMENTS
A E
M S T
E S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
AXIAL L A L A O
T U ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
E R T G X T G S
R E E U I E U I
C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
7.0 152 12.3 305 4.09 229 818 31.2 6.96 11 4 14 1.3 0.0170
65 9 28 15 10 12 19 2.49 1.03 10 118 115 7 0.0089
4
4.6 229 12.7 381 4.55 305 8.64 63.2 26.2 11 2 2 0.7 0.0090
www.usbellows.com 47
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 30.36 in2 (195.82 cm2) 5-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R MOVEMENTS
A E
M S T
E S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
AXIAL L A L A O
T U ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
E R T G X T G S
R E E U I E U I
C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
7.0 152 14.1 305 5.45 229 10 29.7 5.08 11 5 29 2.3 0.0325
85 9 32 15 13 12 23 2.28 0.75 10 147 226 12 0.0168
5
6.0 229 14.5 381 5.91 305 10.5 57.9 19.1 11 3 4 1.2 0.0171
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
4.9 152 17.7 279 6.82 229 12.3 30.7 4.06 11 5 51 3.5 0.0664
60 10 41 15 17 13 29 2.95 0.92 10 123 213 15 0.0278
6
4.2 254 18.6 381 7.73 330 13.2 74.9 23.4 11 2 4 1.5 0.0283
25 14 43 19 18 17 30 5.04 2.47 10 78 54 9 0.0177
1.8 356 19.5 483 8.18 432 13.6 128 62.7 11 1 1 0.9 0.0180
200 6 40 11 16 9 28 0.68 0.09 10 1330 13237 159 0.1116
14.1 152 18.2 279 7.27 229 12.7 17.3 2.29 11 24 237 16.2 0.1135
www.usbellows.com 49
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 69.74 in2 (449.82 cm2) 8-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
5.3 203 28.6 330 10.5 254 19.5 46 7.37 11 4 29 4.9 0.0965
50 12 65 17 25 14 45 3.65 1.1 10 133 244 26 0.0502
8
3.5 305 29.5 432 11.4 356 20.5 92.7 27.9 11 2 4 2.6 0.0511
25 16 67 21 27 18 47 5.69 2.53 10 90 77 17 0.0341
1.8 406 30.5 533 12.3 457 21.4 145 64.3 11 2 1 1.7 0.0347
200 8 64 13 25 19 44 1.02 0.16 10 1166 7641 225 0.1618
14.1 203 29.1 330 11.4 254 20 26.9 4.32 11 21 137 22.9 0.1646
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R MOVEMENTS
A E
M S T
E S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
AXIAL L A L A O
T U ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
E R T G X T G S
R E E U I E U I
C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
7.0 305 42.7 406 16.8 356 30 69.6 15.7 11 8 25 13.4 0.2009
60 18 99 22 43 20 71 5.08 2.01 10 256 273 79 0.1174
10
4.2 457 45 559 19.5 508 32.3 129 51.1 11 5 5 8.0 0.1194
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 156.06 in2 (1006.59 cm2) 12-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R MOVEMENTS
A E
M S T
E S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
AXIAL L A L A O
T U ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
E R T G X T G S
R E E U I E U I
C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
5.6 305 62.3 406 20.5 356 41.4 74.7 13.5 11 7 38 18.2 0.3415
60 18 144 22 52 20 98 5.41 1.75 10 238 378 102 0.1910
12
4.2 457 65.5 559 23.6 508 44.5 137 44.5 11 4 7 10.4 0.1943
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R MOVEMENTS
A E
M S T
E S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
AXIAL L A L A O
T U ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
E R T G X T G S
R E E U I E U I
C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
5.6 305 86.4 406 22.7 356 54.5 73.7 12.4 11 8 47 23.8 0.4493
65 18 198 22 57 20 127 5.27 1.55 10 262 503 133 0.2531
14
4.6 457 90 559 25.9 508 57.7 134 39.4 11 5 9 13.5 0.2574
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 236.31 in2 (1524.20 cm2) 16-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
5.3 305 59.5 457 27.3 381 43.2 89.4 16.5 11 8 37 27.9 0.5387
50 18 139 24 68 21 103 6.04 1.8 10 263 491 171 0.3297
16
3.5 457 63.2 610 30.9 46.8 1.53 45.7 11 11 5 9 17.4 0.3353
25 24 147 30 76 27 112 8.95 3.71 10 191 186 125 0.2393
1.8 610 66.8 762 34.5 686 50.9 22.7 94.2 11 3 3 12.7 0.2434
200 12 213 15 62 14 137 1.40 0.2 10 2469 22616 1612 1.2211
14.1 305 96.8 381 28.2 356 62.3 37.6 5.08 11 44 405 163.9 1.2419
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
5.3 305 60.9 457 30.5 381 45.9 88.6 14.5 11 9 53 39.3 0.7
50 18 144 24 77 21 110 5.93 1.59 10 297 690 241 0.4688
18
3.5 457 65.5 610 35 533 50 151 40.4 11 5 12 24.5 0.4768
25 24 153 30 86 27 119 8.81 3.27 10 216 261 175 0.3403
1.8 610 69.5 762 39.1 686 54.1 224 83.1 11 4 5 17.8 0.3461
200 12 279 15 70 14 174 1.42 0.16 9 2787 35476 2265 1.7567
14.1 305 127 381 31.8 356 79.1 36.1 4.06 10 50 635 2304 1.7866
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 357.87 in2 (2308.26 cm2) 20-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
4.9 305 70.9 457 34.1 381 52.7 88.9 13.2 11 9 71 53.3 1.0499
70 18 166 24 85 21 126 5.6 1.36 10 331 937 327 0.6424
20
4.9 457 75.5 610 38.6 533 57.3 142 34.5 11 6 17 33.3 0.6534
35 24 177 30 96 27 136 8.53 2.87 10 241 354 238 0.4663
2.5 610 80.5 762 43.6 686 61.8 217 72.9 11 4 6 24.2 0.4743
200 12 350 14 77 13 214 1.39 0.14 8 3106 54098 3074 2.4362
14.1 305 159 356 35 330 97.3 35.3 3.56 9 56 968 312.6 2.4776
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
4.2 305 77.7 432 37.3 381 57.7 92.5 11.2 11 9 99 59.2 1.4374
60 18 184 23 94 21 139 6.07 1.25 10 292 1141 349 0.8441
22
4.2 457 83.6 584 42.7 533 63.2 154 31.8 11 5 20 35.5 0.8584
30 24 196 29 107 27 151 9.48 2.77 10 209 408 249 0.6017
2.1 610 89.1 737 48.6 686 68.6 2.41 70.4 11 4 7 25.3 0.6119
165 12 391 14 84 13 237 1.45 0.12 7 2994 74513 3583 3.4407
11.6 305 178 356 38.2 330 108 36.8 3.05 8 54 1333 364.4 3.4992
165 18 411 20 103 19 257 2.41 0.49 10 1497 8922 1792 1.7127
22
11.6 457 187 508 46.8 483 117 73.9 12.4 11 27 160 182.2 1.7419
165 24 430 26 123 25 276 4.36 1.1 10 998 2606 1194 1.1401
11.6 610 195 660 55.9 635 125 111 27.9 11 18 47 121.4 1.1595
350 12 769 12 112 12 441 0.92 0.05 5 9012 465407 10831 5.3572
24.6 305 350 305 50.9 305 200 23.4 1.27 5 161 8329 1101.5 5.4483
350 18 807 18 150 18 478 2.3 0.33 10 3605 29786 4332 2.1429
22
24.6 457 367 457 68.2 457 217 58.4 8.38 11 65 533 440.6 2.1793
350 24 844 24 187 24 516 3.69 0.84 10 2253 7272 2708 1.3393
24.6 610 384 610 85 610 235 93.7 21.3 11 40 130 275.4 1.3621
www.usbellows.com 57
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 509.54 in2 (3286.53 cm2) 24-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
4.2 305 114 432 40.9 381 77.3 91.4 10.2 11 10 128 76.2 1.8649
60 18 265 23 103 21 184 6.06 1.15 10 319 1470 449 1.0951
24
4.2 457 120 584 46.8 533 83.6 154 29.2 11 6 26 45.7 1.1137
35 24 278 29 116 27 197 9.27 2.49 10 228 525 321 0.7806
2.5 610 126 737 52.7 686 89.5 235 63.2 11 4 9 32.6 0.7939
160 12 463 14 92 13 277 1.42 0.1 6 3273 104888 4615 4.5021
11.2 305 210 356 41.8 330 126 36.1 2.54 7 59 1877 469.3 4.5787
160 18 484 20 113 19 298 2.89 0.44 10 1636 11996 2307 2.2311
24
11.2 457 220 508 51.4 483 135 73.4 11.2 11 29 21.5 234.6 2.2690
160 24 505 26 134 25 319 4.37 1 10 1091 3454 1538 1.4830
11.2 610 230 660 60.9 635 145 1.11 25.4 11 20 62 156.4 1.5082
350 12 981 12 122 12 551 0.88 0.04 4 9849 729392 13940 7.0853
24.6 305 446 305 55.5 305 250 22.4 1.02 4 176 13053 1417.7 7.2057
350 18 1022 18 163 18 592 2.24 0.28 10 3940 41384 5576 2.7990
24
24.6 457 465 457 74.1 457 269 56.9 7.11 11 71 741 567.1 2.8466
350 24 1063 24 204 24 633 3.65 0.75 10 2462 9815 3485 1.7440
24.6 610 483 610 92.7 610 288 92.7 19.1 11 44 176 354.4 1.7736
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
4.2 305 124 406 44.1 356 84.1 90.7 9.4 11 10 161 96.2 2.3697
60 18 287 22 112 20 200 5.99 1.06 10 346 1857 568 1.3915
26
4.2 457 130 559 50.9 508 90.9 152 26.9 11 6 33 57.8 1.4152
40 24 302 28 126 26 214 9.11 2.27 10 247 663 406 0.9919
2.8 610 137 711 57.3 660 97.3 231 57.7 11 4 12 41.3 1.0088
165 16 107 1.93 0.19 8 2664 46954 4371 4.2135
11.6 406 48.6 49 4.83 9 48 840 444.5 4.2852
www.usbellows.com 59
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 682.15 in2 (4399.9 cm2) 28-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
4.2 305 139 406 47.7 356 93.2 90.7 8.64 11 11 200 119.5 2.9582
60 18 320 22 120 20 220 5.95 0.98 10 374 2306 705 1.7371
28
4.2 457 145 559 54.5 508 100 151 24.9 11 7 41 71.7 1.7666
40 24 336 28 136 26 236 9.04 2.1 10 267 824 504 1.2383
2.8 610 153 711 61.8 660 107 230 53.3 11 5 15 51.3 1.2594
16 16 116 1.92 0.17 8 2873 58303 5427 5.2585
11.2 406 52.7 48.8 4.32 8 51 1043 551.9 5.3479
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.5 305 149 406 51.8 356 100 101 9.14 11 9 190 113.3 3.3844
50 18 346 22 132 20 239 6.8 1.04 10 308 2187 669 1.9880
30
3.5 457 157 559 60 508 109 173 26.4 11 6 39 68.0 2.0218
35 24 364 28 150 26 257 9.62 2.08 10 220 781 478 1.4174
2.5 610 165 711 68.2 660 117 244 52.8 11 4 14 48.6 1.4415
135 16 127 2.27 0.19 8 2370 55283 5146 6.0143
9.5 406 57.7 57.7 4.83 9 42 989 523.3 6.1165
www.usbellows.com 61
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 886.47 in2 (5717.73 cm2) 32-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.5 305 200 406 55.5 356 128 101 8.64 11 10 229 136.9 4.1059
50 18 459 22 141 20 300 6.8 0.98 10 329 2641 808 2.4118
32
3.5 457 209 559 64.1 508 136 173 24.9 11 6 47 82.2 2.4528
35 24 478 28 160 26 319 9.62 1.96 10 235 944 577 1.7195
2.5 610 217 711 72.7 660 145 244 49.8 11 4 17 58.7 1.7487
135 16 135 2.26 0.18 8 2531 66771 6215 7.2947
9.5 406 61.4 57.4 4.57 9 45 1195 632.1 7.4168
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.5 305 210 406 59.1 356 135 101 8.13 11 10 274 163.5 4.9232
50 18 482 22 150 20 316 6.8 0.93 10 350 3155 965 2.8919
34
3.5 457 219 559 68.2 508 144 173 23.6 11 6 56 98.1 2.9411
40 24 503 28 170 26 336 9.62 1.85 10 250 1127 689 2.0618
2.8 610 229 711 77.3 660 153 244 47 11 4 20 70.1 2.0968
135 16 143 2.25 0.17 7 2693 79749 7423 8.7452
9.5 406 65 57.2 4.32 8 48 1427 754.9 8.8938
www.usbellows.com 63
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 1110.13 in2 (7160.34 cm2) 36-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.5 305 229 406 62.3 356 146 101 7.62 11 11 324 13.4 5.8424
50 18 525 22 159 20 342 6.8 0.88 10 371 3731 1141 3.4318
36
3.5 457 239 559 72.3 508 155 173 22.4 11 7 67 116.0 3.4902
40 24 547 28 180 26 364 9.62 1.75 10 265 1333 815 2.4467
2.8 610 249 711 81.8 660 165 244 44.5 11 5 24 82.9 2.4883
135 16 152 2.25 0.16 7 2854 94308 8779 10.3761
9.5 406 69.1 57.2 4.06 8 51 1688 892.8 10.5525
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.2 305 257 406 65.9 356 161 101 7.37 11 12 380 226.7 6.8694
45 18 589 22 168 20 378 6.8 0.83 10 392 4374 1338 4.0351
38
3.2 457 268 559 76.4 508 172 173 21.1 11 7 78 136.1 4.1037
45 24 611 28 190 26 401 9.62 1.66 10 280 1563 955 2.8769
3.2 610 278 711 86.4 660 182 244 42.2 11 5 28 97.1 2.9258
130 16 160 2.26 0.15 7 3015 110538 10289 12.1982
9.1 406 72.7 57.4 3.81 7 54 1978 1046.4 12.4056
www.usbellows.com 65
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 1358.92 in2 (8771.48 cm2) 40-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.2 305 272 406 69.5 356 170 101 6.86 11 12 441 263.6 8.0102
45 18 622 22 177 20 399 6.8 0.79 10 413 5086 1555 4.7052
40
3.2 457 283 559 80.5 508 181 173 20.1 11 7 91 158.1 4.7852
45 24 645 28 200 26 423 9.62 1.58 10 295 1818 1111 3.3546
3.2 610 293 711 90.9 660 192 244 40.1 11 5 33 113.0 3.4117
120 16 169 2.29 0.15 6 3177 128531 11964 14.2220
8.4 406 76.8 57.2 3.81 7 57 2300 1216.7 14.4638
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.5 305 318 406 72.7 356 195 101 6.6 11 13 510 304.4 9.2709
50 18 725 22 185 20 455 6.8 0.76 10 434 5872 1796 5.4457
42
3.5 457 330 559 84.1 508 207 173 193 11 8 105 182.7 5.5383
50 24 750 28 211 26 480 9.61 1.51 10 310 2098 1283 3.8826
3.5 610 341 711 95.9 660 218 244 38.4 11 6 38 130.5 3.9486
120 16 177 2.29 0.14 6 3338 148378 13812 16.4581
8.4 406 80.5 58.2 3.56 7 60 2655 1404.7 16.7379
www.usbellows.com 67
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 1629 in2 (10,508 cm2) 44-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
3.5 305 335 406 74.5 356 205 89.2 4.83 10 15 845 392.8 12.0058
50 18 763 20 190 14 477 6.33 0.63 10 488 8325 2207 6.7104
44
3.5 457 347 508 86.4 356 217 161 16 11 9 149 224.5 6.8245
50 24 790 28 216 26 503 9.15 1.31 10 342 2793 1545 4.6874
3.5 610 359 711 98.2 660 229 232 33.3 11 6 50 157.1 4.7671
115 Customer to 16 185 Customer to 2.25 0.12 6 3500 193614 15840 19.1526
specify flange specify flange
8.1 406 84.1 57.2 3.05 6 63 3465 1610.9 19.4782
configuration. configuration.
115 Weights and 22 227 Weights and 3.94 0.39 10 2000 34147 9051 10.8863
44 O.A.L. will O.A.L. will
8.1 be furnished 559 103 be furnished 100 9.91 11 36 611 920.5 11.0713
upon receipt upon receipt
115 of this 28 255 of this 5.06 0.65 10 1555 15715 7040 8.4492
information. information.
8.1 711 116 129 16.5 11 28 1 716.0 8.5928
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
2.5 305 352 406 80 356 216 89.2 4.57 9 10 611 284.1 12.0416
35 18 805 22 207 20 506 6.33 0.6 10 321 6024 1597 6.7347
46
2.5 457 366 559 94.1 508 230 161 15.2 11 6 108 162.4 6.8492
35 22 826 26 228 24 527 8.21 1 10 249 2788 1242 5.2309
2.5 559 375 660 104 610 240 209 25.4 11 4 50 126.3 5.3199
95 Customer to 16 202 Customer to 2.84 0.15 7 2300 140096 11462 19.1806
specify flange specify flange
6.7 406 91.8 72.1 3.81 8 41 2507 1165.7 19.5067
configuration. configuration.
95 Weights and 22 251 Weights and 5.1 0.48 10 1314 24708 6549 10.9093
46 O.A.L. will O.A.L. will
6.7 be furnished 559 114 be furnished 130 12.2 11 24 442 666.0 11.0848
upon receipt upon receipt
95 of this 26 284 of this 6.55 0.8 10 1022 11436 5094 8.4734
information. information.
6.7 660 129 166 20.3 11 18 205 518.1 8.6174
www.usbellows.com 69
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective (Thrust) Area: 1947 in2 (12,561 cm2) 48-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
2.5 305 405 406 81.4 356 243 83.6 3.81 8 12 909 368.2 15.4663
35 18 923 22 212 20 567 6.11 0.53 10 361 7930 1949 8.1888
48
2.5 457 420 559 96.4 508 258 155 13.5 11 6 142 198.2 8.3280
35 22 945 26 233 24 589 7.99 0.91 10 276 3546 1491 6.2620
2.5 559 430 650 106 610 268 203 23.1 11 5 63 151.6 6.3685
95 Customer to 16 203 Customer to 2.55 0.12 6 2744 208321 14847 24.6308
specify flange specify flange
6.7 406 92.3 64.8 3.05 7 49 3728 1509.9 25.0495
configuration. configuration.
95 Weights and 22 225 Weights and 4.73 0.41 10 1478 32523 7994 13.2627
48 O.A.L. will O.A.L. will
6.7 be furnished 559 116 be furnished 120 10.4 11 26 582 813.0 13.4882
upon receipt upon receipt
95 of this 26 289 of this 6.19 0.7 10 1130 14544 6113 10.1421
information. information.
6.7 660 131 157 17.8 11 20 260 621.7 10.3145
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
Effective 21 1056 24 256 23 656 5.44 0.54 10 1450 24927 9281 20.2025
Area 533 480 610 116 584 298 138 13.7 11 26 446 943.9 20.5459
2305 in2 29 1106 32 306 31 706 8.16 1.2 10 966 7386 6187 13.4683
14,870 cm2 737 503 813 139 787 321 207 30.5 11 17 132 629.2 13.6973
70 13 1057 16 213 15 635 2.72 0.13 6 3013 222807 20740 45.2394
54
4.9 330 480 406 96.8 381 289 69.1 3.3 6 54 3987 2109.3 46.0085
Effective 21 1110 24 266 23 688 5.44 0.52 10 1506 27851 10370 22.6197
Area 533 505 610 121 584 313 138 13.2 11 27 498 1054.6 23.0043
2
2478 in 29 1162 32 318 31 740 8.15 1.16 10 1004 8252 6913 15.0798
2
15,989 cm 737 528 813 145 787 336 207 29.5 11 18 148 703.1 15.3362
www.usbellows.com 71
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
60- / 66- / 72-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
Effective 21 1633 24 324 23 978 5.45 0.41 9 1847 53595 18728 41.5901
Area 533 742 610 147 584 445 1.38 10.4 10 33 959 1904.6 42.2971
3650 in2 29 1697 32 388 31 1043 8.17 0.94 10 1231 15544 12485 27.6527
23,550 cm2 737 771 813 176 787 474 208 23.9 11 22 278 1269.7 28.1228
50 13 1775 16 283 15 1029 2.7 0.09 4 4035 591934 48428 108.8247
72
3.5 330 807 406 129 381 468 68.6 2.29 5 72 10593 4925.1 110.6748
Effective 21 1845 24 53 23 1099 5.51 0.38 9 2017 69295 24214 53.9756
Area 533 839 610 160 584 500 140 9.65 9 36 1240 2462.6 54.8932
2
4321 in 29 1915 32 423 31 1169 8.26 0.87 10 1345 20097 16143 35.8877
2
27,877 cm 737 870 813 192 787 531 210 22.1 11 24 360 1641.7 36.4978
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
Effective 22 3494 24 471 23 1982 5.56 0.29 7 2699 162399 56747 127.8144
Area 559 1588 610 214 584 901 141 7.37 7 48 2906 5771.2 129.9873
19,743 in2 30 3587 32 565 31 2076 8.35 0.67 10 1799 47100 37831 84.9823
2
125,632 cm 762 1630 814 257 787 944 212 17 11 32 843 3847.4 86.4270
www.usbellows.com 73
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS
108- / 120- / 132-INCH NOMINAL DIAMETER
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/ IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN
DEG x 106
N-M/ N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM
GRAD x 105
NON-CONCURRENT
D P OVERALL LENGTH AND WEIGHT SPRING RATES
I R
MOVEMENTS
A E
T
M S FLANGED WELD COMBINATION
L A L A O
E S AXIAL
ENDS ENDS ENDS A N A A N R
T U
T G X T G S
E R
E U I E U I
R E C
R L A R L O
O
O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. O.A.L WT. A A L A A N
M
L R L R A
P
L
IN-LB/DEG
PSIG IN LB IN LB IN LB IN IN DEG LB/IN LB/IN IN-LB/DEG
x 106
N-M/GRAD
KG/CM2 MM KG MM KG MM KG MM MM GRAD KG/MM KG/MM N-M/GRAD
x 105
www.usbellows.com 75
85 PSIG
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE AND MULTI-PLY STAINLESS STEEL
85 PSIG
321 S.S. Bellows with Welding Aide
Monel® and Inconel® available on request.
Notes:
1. Pressure Range: Vacuum to 50 PSIG for 3/4” to 1 1/2”,
85 PSIG for 2” and over.
2. Temperature Range: -20 °F to 800 °F.
3. Rated cycle life is 3,000 cycles per EJMA for any one
tabulated movement.
4. Maximum axial extension movement is 50% of the
tabulated axial movement.
5. Rated extension movement is equal to rated axial movement provided the bellows is pre-compressed the amount
of design extension.
6. Maximum test pressure: 1.5 x design pressure
7. Materials: Bellows - ASTM A240-T321SS
Welding Aides - ASTM A240-T321SS
8. Flanges or welds ends can be attached to the bellows 1/16” thk (min.) Welding Aide.
MAX. AXIAL MAX. LATERAL MAX. ANGULAR AXIAL SPRING LATERAL ANGULAR
ND B.F.I. NUMBER OF O.A.L. WEIGHT EACH
PART NUMBER MOVEMENT MOVEMENT MOVEMENT RATE SPRING RATE SPRING RATE
(in.) (in.) CORRUGATIONS (in.) (lb.)
(in.) (in.) (deg.) (lb./ in.) (lb./ in.) (in./lb./deg.)
150 PSIG
321 S.S. Bellows with Welding Aide
Monel® and Inconel® available on request.
Notes:
1. Pressure Range: Vacuum to 150 PSIG.
2. Temperature Range: -20 °F to 800 °F.
3. Rated cycle life is 3,000 cycles per EJMA for any one
tabulated movement.
4. Maximum axial extension movement is 50% of the
tabulated axial movement.
5. Rated extension movement is equal to rated axial movement provided the bellows is pre-compressed the amount
of design extension.
6. Maximum test pressure: 1.5 x design pressure
7. Materials: Bellows - ASTM A240-T321SS
Welding Aides - ASTM A240-T321SS
8. Flanges or welds ends can be attached to the bellows 1/16” thk (min.) Welding Aide.
MAX. AXIAL MAX. LATERAL MAX. ANGULAR AXIAL SPRING LATERAL ANGULAR
ND B.F.I. NUMBER OF O.A.L. WEIGHT EACH
PART NUMBER MOVEMENT MOVEMENT MOVEMENT RATE SPRING RATE SPRING RATE
(in.) (in.) CORRUGATIONS (in.) (lb.)
(in.) (in.) (deg.) (lb./ in.) (lb./ in.) (in./lb./deg.)
www.usbellows.com 77
300 PSIG
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE AND MULTI-PLY STAINLESS STEEL
300 PSIG
321 S.S. Bellows with Welding Aide
Monel® and Inconel® available on request.
Notes:
1. Pressure Range: Vacuum to 300 PSIG.
2. Temperature Range: -20 °F to 800 °F.
3. Rated cycle life is 3,000 cycles per EJMA for any one
tabulated movement.
4. Maximum axial extension movement is 50% of the
tabulated axial movement.
5. Rated extension movement is equal to rated axial movement provided the bellows is pre-compressed the amount
of design extension.
6. Maximum test pressure: 1.5 x design pressure
7. Materials: Bellows - ASTM A240-T321SS
Welding Aides - ASTM A240-T321SS
8. Flanges or welds ends can be attached to the bellows 1/16” thk (min.) Welding Aide.
MAX. AXIAL MAX. LATERAL MAX. ANGULAR AXIAL SPRING LATERAL ANGULAR
ND B.F.I. NUMBER OF O.A.L. WEIGHT EACH
PART NUMBER MOVEMENT MOVEMENT MOVEMENT RATE SPRING RATE SPRING RATE
(in.) (in.) CORRUGATIONS (in.) (lb.)
(in.) (in.) (deg.) (lb./ in.) (lb./ in.) (in./lb./deg.)
www.usbellows.com 79
How to Select & Order: www.usbellows.com/order U.S. Bellows, Inc.
HOW TO SELECT AND ORDER e) End connections: Weld ends (standard bevel);
The first step in selecting the proper expansion 18-inches standard weight pipe (0.375-inch
joint assembly is to collect and organize as much wall).
information regarding the design and operating f ) Bellows material: A-240-T321.
parameters of the system as possible. As a minimum g) Type: Tied.
the following information should be provided: h) Accessories: Liner.
♦ Size of the line.
♦ Design pressure. 2. Turn to the Conversion Factor Graph and
♦ Design temperature. calculate equivalent catalog movements.
♦ Design movements and required cycle life.
Condi- No. Axial Lat. Ang. C.F. Equivalent
♦ Overall length requirement, if any. tion Cycles Axial Lat. Ang
Install 1 0 .25 0 .49 0 .12 0
♦ Type of end connections.
Start-Up/ 1000 .21 1.13 0 .80 .17 .90 0
♦ Bellows material. Shut-
Down
♦ Pipe material. Excur- 200 .38 2.05 0 .55 .21 1.13 0
♦ Flange specification and material. sion
Total = 0.38 2.15 0
♦ Type of expansion joint.
♦ Accessories.
3. Refer to page 85, 18-inch nominal diameter
universal expansion joints, and go to the lowest
EXAMPLE
pressure rating that is equal to or greater than
1. Assume the following expansion joint design
specified design pressure (300 psig). Compare
criteria:
the total equivalent catalog movements to
a) Line size: 18-inch nominal diameter.
those shown in the catalog, keeping in mind
b) Design/operating pressure: 300 psig.
that the tabulated movements in the catalog
c) Design/operating temperature: 550°F.
are for 3000 cycles for one movement only.
d) Movements/cycle life
Installation: 0.25-inch lateral; 0° angulation,
4. Select the shortest overall length that by
0-inch axial. Start-up/Shut-Down: 1.13-inch lateral;
inspection would appear to meet the movement
0°angulation, 0-inch axial, 1,000 cycles.
criteria. Use the following formula to determine
Excursion: 2.05-inches lateral, 0°angulation;
if the selected overall length is acceptable.
0-inch axial, 200 cycles.
EQUIV. AXIAL EQUIV. LATERAL EQUIV. ANGULAR
The thermal growth of the pipe between the + + <1.0
RATED AXIAL RATED LATERAL RATED ANGULAR
tie rods must be considered when designing the
400 psig rating/60-inch O.A.L.
bellows of an expansion joint with 60-inches O.A.L.
The thermal expansion of carbon steel pipe at 550°F 0.38 2.15 0.00
+ + = 0.87
is 0.21-inch. The corresponding expansion for the 1.98 3.16 0.00
excursion conditions is 0.38-inch.
8” Universal Expansion Joints for an Air Force Base in Mexico 14” Tied Universal Expansion Joint for a Nitrogen Plant
www.usbellows.com 81
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINTS
3- / 3-1/2- / 4-INCH
N OMINAL D IAMETER
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
5- / 6- / 8-INCH
N OMINAL D IAMETER
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
www.usbellows.com 83
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINTS
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
www.usbellows.com 85
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINTS
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
www.usbellows.com 87
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINTS
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
40- / 42-INCH
N OMINAL D IAMETER
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
www.usbellows.com 89
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINTS
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
www.usbellows.com 91
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINTS
KG/
MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM MM KG/MM
CM2
www.usbellows.com 93
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
SINGLE X-FLEX
150# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
2
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM MM MM
www.usbellows.com 95
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED EXPANSION JOINTS
SINGLE X-FLEX
150# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
2
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM MM MM
SINGLE X-FLEX
300# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
2
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM MM MM
www.usbellows.com 97
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED EXPANSION JOINTS
SINGLE X-FLEX
300# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
2
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM MM MM
DOUBLE X-FLEX
150# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
2
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM MM MM
www.usbellows.com 99
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED EXPANSION JOINTS
DOUBLE X-FLEX
150# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
2
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM MM MM
DOUBLE X-FLEX
300# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
2
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM MM MM
www.usbellows.com 101
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED EXPANSION JOINTS
DOUBLE X-FLEX
300# D ESIGN
WEIGHT ANCHOR
AXIAL SPRING EFF SHELL
O.A.L FOOT
S MOVEMENT RATE FLANGED WELD AREA O.D.
HEIGHT ANCHOR
I ENDS ENDS
FOOT
Z
IN LB/IN IN LB LB IN2 IN IN TYPE
E
MM KG/MM MM KG KG CM2 MM MM
movements will occur, i.e. parallel to the long expansion joints in accordance with the criteria
and/or short side of the bellows. It is important to published in Section C-8 of the Standards of the
understand, however, that due to the large sizes that Expansion Joints Manufacturers Association. U.S.
rectangular expansion joints frequently are, lateral Bellows strongly encourages that customer to
deflection of single bellows is often impossible. become familiar with the Standards of the Expansion
The proper design for a rectangular bellows for Joints Manufacturers Association when specifying
www.usbellows.com 103
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
“V” Profile
Single Miter Corner
Rounded Corner
“U” Profile
240” x 80” Rectangular Metal Bellows with Round Corners 84” Long Rectangular Metallic Expansion Joint with Mitered Corners
ACCESSORIES
1. Bellows
2. Angle Flange
3. Weld End
4. Liner (Baffle)
5. Cover
6. Particulate Barrier/Insulation
7. Liner Seal
8. Purge
Liners
Internal liners are used to reduce turbulence across the bellows, and to protect the bellows from erosion.
They are necessary when particulate barriers and purges are specified. Liners are normally required when
ducts are refractory lined, as they become refractory lined as well. Applicable lateral and angular movements
should be specified, in order that adequate clearance is provided in the liner design. Flow direction should
be specified on expansion joints with combination ends.
Covers
External covers are recommended to protect the bellows from mechanical damage. They may also be
utilized for the application of insulation when the ductwork is insulated as well. Covers may be provided
in removable and non-removable configurations.
Hardware
Rectangular expansion joints may come equipped with hinges, tie rods, etc., that can be used to control
movements, restrain pressure thrust, or support external loads. This hardware may be installed internally
or externally.
www.usbellows.com 105
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
RECTANGULAR METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT DATA SHEET Use our online quote form: www.usbellows.com/quote
Customer: Date: Page
Quantity:
Orientation (Horizontal/Vertical/Inclined):
Corner Type:
MATERIALS Liner
Cover
Overall Length
DIMENSIONS
Axial
Figure 1
72” Diameter Thick-Wall Expansion Joint Being Shipped to a Sulfuric Acid Plant
www.usbellows.com 107
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Figure 2
Some hinge types can be provided with hinge pin holes which are slotted to permit limited axial travel.
These “slotted hinge” types will not resist pressure thrust forces, and anchoring must be provided. This
catalog only depicts the fully restrained hinged type. If axial travel is desired, the piping designer should
clearly state that the slotted hinge type is wanted in the design requirements, and he should provide for
pressure thrust anchoring. On the other hand, if the full axial restraint of the hinged type is desired, the
piping designer should understand that there is no allowance in the expansion joint for any axial travel,
including none for any installation misalignment.
www.usbellows.com 109
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
The refractory lining allows for the use of carbon steel pipe instead of 300 series stainless steel. It can
reduce the pipe wall temperature to between 300-450°F and also protect the bellows from abrasion caused
by the flow of abrasive particles. Refractory lined expansion joints are used in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units
(FCCU), furnaces, hot gas turbines, styrene plants, fluidized bed boilers, kilns, power recovery trains and
thermal oxidizers. Refractory-lined expansion joints are custom designed for each application due to the
extreme environments.
Close Up of Refractory Lining for a FCCU Refractory-Lined Expansion Joint about to be Shipped
Expansion Joint
128” x 129” Rectangular Fabric Expansion Joints 68” Long Air Duct Fabric Expansion Joint
www.usbellows.com 111
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
Single Flanged Expansion Joint for an Exhaust Duct
This single flanged metallic expansion joint was manufactured from
304 stainless steel bellows with carbon steel flanges. It has a diameter
of 200” and an overall length of 150”. It will be used in an exhaust duct
application in a power plant. A hydro-test was performed prior to
shipping to Orlando, Florida.
Same-Day Turn Around Service by Refurbishing an 8” Single Expansion Joint for an Emergency Shutdown
U.S. Bellows, Inc. received this single expansion joint in the morning, refurbished
it by adding new bellows and limit rods, and then shipped it the very same day.
The existing expansion joint had 321 stainless steel bellows with a 1,500 lb. flange
on one side and a 150 lb. flange on the other side. U.S. Bellows, Inc. manufactured
new 321 stainless steel bellows and reused the existing flanges by sandblasting
and then painting them for protection. Same day delivery enabled the customer
to resume operations with minimum loss of time and production.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
Single Tied Metallic Expansion Joints with Two-Ply Alloy Bellows
This single tied metallic expansion joint was designed with two-ply alloy bellows for
a design pressure of 243 PSIG at 108°F. The expansion joint has an axial compression
of 0.020” and a lateral movement of 0.200”. The axial spring rate is 13,320 lb./in. and
the lateral spring rate is 121,202 lb./in. The bellows and flanges were 100% x-ray
tested and the bellows were 100% dye-penetrant tested for quality before being
shipped to the customer.
www.usbellows.com 113
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE Single Expansion Joint Assembly for an Oil Refinery in South Africa
This single expansion joint assembly was fabricated with a single-ply
304 stainless steel bellows, and carbon steel pipe, miter bends, and
limit rods. It measured 12 feet 2 inches from the center to center of
the elbows. These bellows were designed with a low spring rate to
meet the allowable forces and movements on the compressor inlet
nozzle. All welds were air tested and spot x-rayed to assure quality
and performance. This unit was completed in 3 weeks to meet the
customer’s construction schedule.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
Single Tied Expansion Joints for an Oil Refinery
This single tied expansion joint was designed to withstand 400 PSIG and 200°F. The
bellow was manufactured using B443 material (Inconel® 625) with a 300 lb. carbon
steel flange. It measures 8” x 16” with 3/16” lateral movement. Pressure testing and
100% dye-penetrant tests were performed to ensure quality. The final product was
shipped to a customer in Bakersfield, California.
www.usbellows.com 115
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
10” Single Tied Titanium Expansion Joints
These 10” single tied titanium expansion joints were manufactured to be
utilized in a chemical plant in Kingsport, Tennessee. These single expansion
joints are bellows elements with end connections that allow movement
in any direction or plane. However, the piping must also be guided in the
same direction of the movement. The tie rods restrain the full pressure
thrust. They were 100% dye-penetrant examined before being shipped to
the customer.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
Hinged and Universal Expansion Joints with Refractory Lining
U.S. Bellows, Inc. designed and fabricated refractory lined single-hinged and universal
expansion joints for a design pressure of 75.4 PSIG and 1400°F temperature. Each
expansion joint was 100% x-ray tested along the weld seams and pneumatically tested
to 83 PSIG.
48” Diameter Refractory Lined Expansion Joint for a Chemical Plant in Ecuador
This refractory lined expansion joint was designed with pentographic linkages
for a chemical plant. It was designed for 60 PSIG and 1450°F with a 4” thick
refractory installed per UOP specifications. The bellows was constructed from SB-
443 Inconel® 625, and the weld ends, hinges, pantographic linkages, and floating
ring were made from A516-70. The bellows, weld ends, and spool long seam
welds were 100% x-rayed and 100% dye-penetrant tested per ASME standards. A
pneumatic test was performed at 15 PSIG for the entire expansion joint assembly
prior to shipping.
www.usbellows.com 117
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
30" Spent Catalyst Standpipe Metallic Expansion Joint with Pantographic Linkage
This 30” spent standpipe catalyst metallic expansion joint was fabricated for a refinery in
Montana. The overall installed length of the expansion joint is 89”. The design pressure
was 19 PSIG and the design temperature was 1050°F. The expansion joint is fabricated
entirely from 321 stainless steel, except for the carbon steel flanges to match the existing
nozzle material and drilling. The assembly is lined with abrasion resistant refractory which
prevents erosion of the 321 stainless steel piping. The pantographic linkage, shown in
the photo, is designed to distribute the axial compression between the two bellows and
support the weight of the center pipe between the bellows.
www.usbellows.com 119
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE 55" O.D. Refractory Lined Universal Gimbal Expansion Joint
Two 55” O.D. refractory lined universal gimbal expansion joints
were custom designed for a refinery in Joliet. They are equipped
with slotted hinges with an overall length of 163” and 286”
respectively. The 163” O.A.L. expansion joint, designed for 60 PSIG
and 1020°F, will be used at the reactor stand pipe of the refinery. The
286”O.A.L. expansion joint will be used for the regenerator stand pipe
of the refinery and it is designed for 57 PSIG and 1300°F. Both expansion
joints consist of a A516 Gr70 pipe, two SB-443 two-ply bellows and a
slotted hinge. To ensure quality, 100% dye-penetrant, 100% x-ray and pressure tests were performed on the bellows.
Pneumatic and vacuum tests were also conducted on the assemblies and between bellows dry plies prior to shipping.
92" I.D. Toroidal Bellow Expansion Joint for an ASME “U” Stamp Heat Exchanger Shell
The toroidal shape gives the bellow the unique ability to
carry high pressures; conversely, it also permits modest
deflection ability. The expansion joint was designed for
400 PSIG at 500°F and an extension stroke of 5/16” and
the bellows’ element was fabricated from .060” Inconel®
600 with A-516 gr 70 weld ends. The 92-inch toroidal
expansion joint was also designed per ASME Sec. VIII rules as well as the Expansion Joint Manufacturer EJMA
Standards. Upon fabrication completion, a hydrotest was conducted at 600 PSIG to detect leaks.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
www.usbellows.com 121
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
Thick-Wall Expansion Joints for Texas Refinery
The three pictures at right show thick wall expansion joints being installed in a Texas
refinery. Workers are covering the expansion joints with insulation, and then covering the
insulation with aluminum. The 72” expansion joints, which are fabricated from 1/4” carbon
steel plate, have a 10” convolution.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
60” Ductwork and a Fabric Expansion Joint
This fabric expansion joint is furnished with acid resisting fabric
and also a duct work measuring 34’ long and 60” in diameter
which was fabricated from ASTM A 516GR 70 carbon steel. The
expansion joint was completed within 6 weeks in time for a plant
shutdown. A computerized pipe stress analysis, utilizing the
Caesar II stress program, was performed to obtain the forces and
moments imposed on the equipment nozzles and weights to be
carried by the spring supports.
48 Multi-Layer High
Temperature Rectangular
Fabric Expansion Joints
These rectangular fabric expansion joints consisted of two carbon and
stainless steel frames separated by a high temperature Silica fabric. The frames
measured 13” × 37” × 6”, 14½” × 20½” × 6” and 17¼” × 17¼” × 4” and weighed
90, 115, and 170 lb. Each expansion joint was designed for a 15”Water Column
(W.C.) with a temperature of 750°F and allowed for movement ranging from
±½” to ±1” in both the axial and lateral directions.
www.usbellows.com 123
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE 54” x 136” Fabric Expansion Joints for a Power System Company
These 17 rectangular fabric expansion joints were custom designed
and fabricated for a company in Texas. The expansion joints measure
54” x 136” and weigh 135 lb. each. They are designed for operation
up to 5 PSIG and temperatures up to 400˚F. The expansion joints are
made of fiberglass fabric and have stainless steel frames.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE Rectangular Fabric Expansion Joint for Coal Fired Power Plant
This 21’ x 14’” expansion joint was designed at 1 PSIG and
1200°F for an air duct at the power plant. The frame is all A-240
and 304 stainless steel construction. This expansion joint is
equipped with 6” thick insulation pillows. Telescoping liners
hold the insulation pillows between the liner and the fabric
belt to reduce heat transfer and prevent ash accumulation.
www.usbellows.com 125
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
Fabric Expansion Joint for Duct System
The photograph at left shows a fabric expansion joint designed and built for
installation in a duct system. These joints can be fabricated from a variety of metals,
in a variety of shapes, depending on the particular application. They are used
where ducts carry hot gases at low pressures. The fabric “belt” is a combination of
layers of different materials selected to withstand the high temperatures.
This expansion joint weighs more than 1,700 lb. and is capable of +/- 1/4” axial
movement and +/- 1/8” lateral movement. It is designed to operate under
design pressures ranging from full vacuum to 15 PSIG at 250°F. The bellows
and liner of the expansion joint are made of 304 stainless steel with a carbon
steel flange and duct. To ensure quality, the product was 100% dye-penetrant
tested prior to shipping.
57" x 96" Rectangular Seal Expansion Joints
Designed at 2 PSIG for 1350°F, the seal joints provide for one inch of axial
movement to prevent damage to flange connections. EJMA Standards and
B31.3 code were used in the design and fabrication of these joints. The purpose
of the rectangular seal expansion joint is to prevent leakage to outside of the
burney windbox. The corners are double mitered to reduce stress. Inconel®
625LCF material was used in fabricating the bellows while A240 tp 310 material
was used for the frame. An air test at 5 PSIG was implemented as well as dye-
penetrant testing on the bellows.
Three 12' x 8' Rectangular Expansion Joints with Full Radius Corners
These rectangular expansion joints were designed at 5 PSIG and 650°F. They
are fabricated with full radius corners which allow for an increased cycle
life. The bellows are formed from Inconel® 625 SB-443 GR. 1 and the rest of
the assembly is fabricated from A516-70. The long seam welds were 100%
x-rayed. A 100% dye-penetrant test was performed on the attachment
welds.
www.usbellows.com 127
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
28"x 66" Rectangular Expansion Joint
This stainless steel rectangular expansion joint, 28” x 66”, was
manufactured for an exhaust system at a chemical plant in South
Carolina. This joint is equipped with a liner, tie rods system and
mitered corner bellows design. The expansion joint was designed
for 15 PSIG at 600°F and leak tested. A 100% dye-penetrant test
was also performed on all the welds.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE 15' Tied Universal Expansion Joint with Slotted Hinges
This tied universal expansion joint is 18” in diameter and 15’
in overall length. The expansion joint is fabricated with an
Inconel® 800 bellows, 316H stainless steel pipe and 304H
stainless steel tie rods and slotted hinges. The design pressure
is 65 PSIG at 1076°F. A hydro-test at 127 PSIG was performed
as well as dye-penetrant testing to ensure product quality.
www.usbellows.com 129
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
48" Diameter Tied Universal Expansion Joints
Five tied universal expansion joints ranging in size from 30”
to 48” were designed and manufactured for an oil and gas
company in France. These expansion joints weigh between
2400 lb. and 3200 lb. and are fabricated from 304-321 SS
bellows. They are designed for pressures ranging from 55
to 650 PSIG and 148°F to 300°F operating temperatures.
To ensure quality, the joints were 100% x-rayed, 100% dye-
penetrant, and hydro-tested at 83 to 975 PSIG.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
This 54” diameter tied, universal expansion joint was designed and fabricated
for the NASA Space Center. The expansion joint was designed at full vacuum
and 450°F and constructed with 304 SS bellows, liner and A516 Gr. 70 spool,
weld ends and carbon steel tie rods. The bellows’ attachment welds were
100% dye-penetrant tested.
www.usbellows.com 131
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
28" and 32" Tied Universal Expansion Joints
These 28-inch and 32-inch O.D tied universal expansion joints
were fabricated for an oil refinery in China. The expansion joints
were fabricated from 321 SS bellows, A105, 150#, RFSO. EJMA
Standards and B31.3 code were used in the design and fabrication
of these joints.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
55” O.D. Universal Gimbal Expansion Joint with Floating Rings
This expansion joint was fabricated for a FCC overhead vapor line at a
refinery. It has an overall length of 310” and is fabricated from A387 Gr
11 CI2 spool and Inconel® 625 LCF bellows. It is designed for 50 PSIG
and 1075°F with 13” of lateral movement. To ensure quality, 100%
dye-penetrant, 100% x-ray and pressure tests were performed on the
bellows. Pneumatic tests were also conducted on unit and between
bellows dry plies at 55 and 15 PSIG, respectively, prior to shipping.
These externally pressurized expansion joints were designed for 13” movement. They
are capable of withstanding temperatures of 1100°F. Externally pressurizing a bellows
eliminates squirm as a limitation to the design and permits the safe acceptance of large
amounts of axial thermal expansion.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
PRODUCT SHOWCASE
59" Neoprene Expansion Joint
This neoprene expansion joint measures 59” x 7” and is
designed to be used in an air exhaust system. The flanges
are fabricated from painted carbon steel angle flanges. The
neoprene is fastened to the carbon steel angle flanges by
stainless steel clamp rings. The expansion joint absorbs the
vibration between the duct work and blower exhaust flange.
TERMS OF SALE
GUARANTEE: We guarantee for one year from date of delivery our manufactured products to the extent that
we will replace those having manufacturing defects when used for the purpose which we recommend. If
goods are defective, the amount of damage is the price of the damaged goods only and no allowance will be
made for labor or expense of repairing defective goods or damages resulting from the same. We guarantee
the other manufacturers’ products we sell to the extent of the guarantees of their respective makers.
SELLER’S LIABILITY: Seller will not be liable for any loss, damage, cost of repairs, incidental or consequential
damages of any kind, whether based upon warranty, contract or negligence, arising in connection with
the design, manufacture, sale, use or repair of the products or of the engineering designs supplied to the
Buyer.
AGREEMENTS: All agreements are subject to strikes, accidents or other causes beyond our control.
SHORTAGES: Any shortages should be made at the time of delivery to the carrier. No claims will be allowed
if not written and received within 10 days of receipt of materials.
CLAIMS: All materials sent out will be carefully examined, counted and packed. Claims for goods damaged
or lost in transit should be made on the carrier, as our responsibility ceases and the title passes.
SPECIAL ORDER: Orders covering special or non-standard goods are not subject to cancellation except on
such terms as we may specify on application.
RETURNS: We cannot accept return of any goods unless our permission has been obtained.
MINIMUM INVOICE: $100.00 - Minimum Freight $25.00
TAXES: The amount of sales, excise or other taxes, if any, applicable to the products covered by this order,
shall be added to the purchase price and shall be paid by the Buyer unless Buyer provides Seller with an
exemption certificate acceptable to the Taxing Authorities.
TERMS: Net 30 days from date of shipment with approval.
FREIGHT ALLOWANCE: All prices are F.O.B. point of shipment. All weights are approximate.
PRICES & DESIGNS: Prices and Designs are subject to change without notice and unless specifically stated
on order, materials will be furnished of design in effect at the time the order is filled.
36” Refurbished Rectangular Metallic 36” Tied Universal Expansion Joint for a Petrochemical Plant
Expansion Joint
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1 2 3
5 6
1. METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT DURING THE 4. 14” NPS IN-LINE PRESSURE EXPANSION
FABRICATION STAGE JOINT
2. NEOPRENE ROUND EXPANSION JOINTS 5. SEWING A 36” x 10” FACE-TO-FACE FABRIC
3. PREPARING TO SHIP A UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINT
METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT 6. UNIVERSAL METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS
WITH PROTECTIVE COVERS