The Scholar’s Academy

LONG QUESTIONS
1. Define torque. Calculate torque due to force acting on a rigid body.
2. Explain cross product of two vectors. State right hand rule and give vectors by their characteristics.
3. Define rectangular components of a vector. Find resultant of two vectors by the rectangular components.
4. Define and explain the Dot or scalar product.

LONG QUESTIONS
1. State and prove Law of conservation of linear momentum? (5times)
2. Define projectile motion. Derive formulas for
(i) Time of flight (ii) Horizontal range for projectile
3. What is projectile Motion? Derive relations for (i) Horizontal distance (ii) Vertical distance (iii) Instantaneous
Velocity of projectile during its motion
4. Define Elastic collision. Show that relative speed of separation for one dimensional collision.

LONG QUESTIONS
1. Define energy. Prove that K.E. = ½ mv2. Also derive work energy relation
2. Prove that work done in earth gravitational field is independent of path of followed.
3. Define absolute potential energy. Derive it’s mathematically expression. (5times)
4. Prove that work done by gravitational field is independent of the path followed. And what you conclude from this?

LONG QUESTIONS
mv 2
1. Define centripetal force and derive its formula Fc  .
r
2. What is meant by rotational kinetic energy? Using this find velocity of disc and hoop at the bottom of an inclined
plane.
3. Describe Angular momentum and discuss the law of conservation of angular momentum with one example.
4. What are geostationary satellite? Derive the relation for radius of geostationary orbit. (3times)

LONG QUESTIONS
1. State and derive equation of continuity A1V1=A2V2.
2. What is equation of continuity? Derive a relation for it. Also discuss flow rate.
3. Derive Bernoulli’s equation.
4. State and prove the Bernoulli’s equation. (7times)
5. State and prove the Bernoulli’s equation in dynamic fluid that relates pressure to fluid speed and height.
6. Establish a relation between pressure and speed of fluid and explain it with two examples.
7. Define terminal velocity. Show that terminal velocity is directly proportional to the square of radius.

LONG QUESTIONS
1. Define simple harmonic motion. Discuss motion of projection of particle moving along the circle. Show that this
motion is simple harmonic. (2times)
2. Define simple harmonic Motion. Show that the body of mass “m” attached to the executing simple harmonic
motion.
3. Define simple harmonic motion. Prove that energy is conserved for a body executing simple harmonic motion.
4. Define SHM. Prove that total energy remains conserved in mass-spring system, oscillation with SHM.
5. What is simple pendulum? Derive an expression for its time period and frequency of pendulum. (2times)
6. What is simple pendulum? Show that its motion is SHM. Derive an expression for its time period. (4times)
7. Show that the total energy of the vibrating mass and spring is constant.

LONG QUESTIONS
1. What is the effect of temperature on the speed of sound and drive the relation vt  vo  0.61t .
2. What is the limitation of Newton’s formula for the speed of sound in air? How Laplace corrected it?
3. Explain beats with example. Write its two uses.

Zohaib Ali
 The Scholar’s Academy
4. What is Doppler’s effect? Find the relations for modified frequency, when (i) An observe moves toward a
stationary source. (ii) A source moves towards a stationary observer.
5. What is Doppler’s effect? Discuss the cases when its source moves towards and away from a stationary observer.

LONG QUESTIONS
1. What is Michelson’s interference? Explain its working and derive its equation. (3times)
2. What are Newton’s rings? Describe the experiment of producing Newton’s rings.
Why does the central spot of Newton’s rings look dark?
3. Explain the diffraction of x-rays by crystals. What are uses of diffraction of x-rays?
4. Explain the diffraction of x-rays by crystals.
5. Explain Young’s double slit experiment to study the phenomenon of interference of light. (2times)

LONG QUESTIONS
1. What is compound microscope? Draw rays diagram and derive expression for the magnification of compound
microscopes. (3times)
2. What is optical fiber? Write its principle and how light is propagation through optical fiber. (3times)
3. What is Astronomical Telescope? Describe its construction and working. Derive a formula to calculate its
magnifying power. (2times)
4. What is simple microscope? Draw rays diagram and find the magnifying power of simple microscope. (3times)

LONG QUESTIONS
1. Define Molar specific Heat of a gas constant pressure (Cp) and at constant volume (Cv). Also Prove that Cp – Cv
=R.
2. What is Carnot engine? Explain the Carnot cycle and calculate the efficiency of Carnot heat engine. (2times)
3. What is Carnot heat engine? Explain four process of Carnot’s cycle and derives formula for it efficiency.
4. What is a Carnot heat engine? Show that efficiency of a Carnot heat engine depends on the temperatures of the
hot and cold reservoirs.

CHAPTER NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

1
2 3,9,10,13,14 1,2,5
3 1,8,9,10,11 2,5,6
4 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 2
5 2,3,6,7 1,5
6 2,4,5,7,9 1,2
7 1,3,4,5,7 2
8 3,4,5,6,10 1,4
9 3,6,7,9 2,3
10 1,3,4,8 2
11 1,4,5,7,8,11 2,4,5

Zohaib Ali
 The Scholar’s Academy
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define physics?
2. Define nuclear?
3. What are three fundamental frontiers science? ( 2times)
4. Define base quantities, derived quantities? ( 4times)
5. Define base unit?
6. Define derived unit?
7. What are supplementary units? Write their names.
8. Define radian and Steradian? ( 6times)
9. Draw a table for base units? ( 2times)
10. What do you mean by scientific notation? Give an example.
11. Write down four convections for indicating units?
12. Density of air 1.2 kg/m3. Change it into g/cm3.
13. According to Einstein’s mass energy equation, find the energy equivalent to mass 1
kilogram?
14. Write the name types of error?
15. Differentiate between random error and systematic error? ( 5times)
16. How can we reduce random and systematic error?
17. What are two principle characteristics an ideal standard?
18. Define significant figure?( 2times)
19. What rules are of round off the significant figure?
20. Differentiate between precise and accurate measurement? ( 2times)
21. Assess the total uncertainly in the final result of a timing experiment with the help of
an example?
22. Add the mass given in kg up to appropriate precision: 2.189, 0.89, 11.8 and 5.32. (
2times)
23. How can you determine the uncertainly in the time period?
24. Describe the principle of homogeneity of dimensional analysis?
25. Does dimension analysis give any information on constant of proportionality that may
appear in algebraic expression? Explain
26. Write the dimension of pressure?
27. Write the dimension of density?
28. Write the dimension of velocity?
29. Write the dimension of force?
30. Find the dimension do coefficient of viscosity in case of drag force of an object is given
by F  6rvt . (9 times)
m1m2
31. What are the dimension and units of gravitational constant G in the formula F  G .
r2
( 9times)

Zohaib Ali
 The Scholar’s Academy
1
32. Show that the equation S  vit  at 2 is dimensionally correct?
2
33. Show that the equation E=mc2 is dimensionally correct?
34. Show that the expression vf =vi+at is dimensionally correct?
35. Show that the relation v=fλ is dimensionally correct?
36. The wavelength λ of a wave depends on the speed v of the wave and its frequency f.
knowing that [λ] = [L], [v] = [LT-1]. Decide which of these is correct? f = vλ or f = v/λ.
37. Write the dimension of angular momentum?
38. The period of simple pendulum is measurement by a stop watch. What type of error are
possible in the time period?
39. Why do we find it useful to have two units for the amount of substance kilogram and
mole? ( 2times)
40. Give the drawbacks to use the period of a pendulum as a time standard?
41. Name several repetitive phenomenon occurring in nature which could serve as
reasonable time standard? ( 2times)
42. How many seconds are three in one year? ( 2times)
43. How many nanoseconds are there in 1 year? ( 5times)
44. How many meters are there in one light year? ( 3times)
45. Define systematic errors, Explain how can we remove the effect of systematic errors?
46. Define radian and steradian?
47. Define the supplementary unit of plane and solid angle?
FI
48. Check the correctness of relation V 
1
49. Differentiate between the precision and accuracy? ( 2times)
50. How many years in 1sec?( 2times)
51. A measurement taken by Venire caliper with least count as 0.01cm is 0.45cm find
absolute, fraction and percentage uncertainly?
52. Differentiate between Radian and Steradian?
53. Define and explain supplementary units?
54. What are derived units? Explain
55. What are base units name all of them?
56. Differentiate between base units and derived units?
57. Find the dimension and hence the SI unit of co-efficient of viscosity? (2times)
58. Name two major types of error in measurement and also define them?
5.348 102  3.64 104
59. Using rules of significant figures, compute up to appropriate
1.336
significant figures?
60. How many second are there in one year?
61. Write down the two uses of dimensional analysis?

Zohaib Ali