Social Internship Project on “Awareness and Use of

Family Planning Methods by Males in Vadodara”

At
Centre for Operations Research and Training (CORT)

Submitted to

School of Business and Law

Navrachana University, Vadodara

Under the guidance of:

Prepared by:
Student ID Student Name
19531025 Karmarajsinh Vala
19531036 Neel Ketanbhai Thakkar
19531046 Romit Patel

MBA Program (Batch 2019-20)

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 Student’s Declaration

I/We , Karmarajsinh Vala , Neel Thakkar and Romit Patel, hereby declare that the
report for Social Internship Project entitled “Awareness and Use of Family
Planning Methods by Males in Vadodara” is a result of our own work and our
indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly
acknowledged.

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 Certificate

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 Table of Content

Sr. No. Particulars Page

No.
1 Acknowledgement 7
2 An Overview of the Organization(History , Vision 8
Mission, Internal stakeholders and their functions,
Infrastructure, organization structure, external
stakeholders)
3 Introduction of the study – introduction to your topic 12
4 Literature Review 12
5 Problem of the statement and importance of study 13
6 Objective 18
7 Weekly Plan 23
8 Findings from your study 28
9 Challenges and Constraints Faced by the Students in the 32
Project/Assignment
10 Limitations of the Study 33
11 Annexure 34
12 References / Bibliography 34

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 Acknowledgement

I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me

throughout my Social Internship at Centre for Operations Research and
Training(CORT). I am thankful for their guidance and friendly advice during the
internship. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and
illuminating views on a number of issues related to the project and otherwise.

I would like to give special thanks to Dr. Bella Vasant Uttekar, Director CORT
who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with her duties allowed me to carry out
my internship at their esteemed organization and extending her support in all
domains during the training.

I express my deepest thanks to Ms. Kanchan Lakhwani, Sr. Research Executive

and Mr. Mayank Patel, Field Coordinator for taking part in useful decision &
giving necessary advices and guidance and arranged all facilities to make my
internship easier. I choose this moment to acknowledge their contribution
gratefully.

I would also like to thank each and every employee of CORT for supporting me
and sharing their knowledge with me throughout the course of my social
internship.

I would like to thank my faculty guide Dr. Hitesh Bhatia for always supporting us
during my Internship.

Thank You

Karmarajsinh Vala
Neel Thakkar
Romit Patel

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 An Overview of the Organization

Centre for Operations Research and Training (CORT) established in 1991 is

well recognized leading research, training and consultancy organization in India.
Over the last 28 years, CORT has implemented over 299 studies spread across 23
states including Union Territories. The nature of studies implemented have been
diverse including, formative studies, situational analysis, facility survey,
implementation research, evaluation of government health, nutrition and sanitation
and hygiene program and or similar new initiatives, concurrent monitoring and
process documentation. Studies have traversed across issues ranging from
reproductive health, family planning, abortion, adolescent, male involvement in
SRH, safe motherhood and child survival and health including Diarrhoea, RTI and
STI and HIV/AIDS, nutrition, social, economic issues, child labor, decent living
wage for industrial workers, education, water and sanitation, solid waste
management, etc. CORT has developed expertise and strength in monitoring and
evaluation (M&E), had opportunity to work with various national and international
agencies as M&E partner. Implementation research is another area where CORT
has often taken role of a lead institution.

CORT Mission and Vision

CORT continuously strives towards meaningful contribution in the national

development and evidence based policy formation by undertaking policy relevant
research on issues that are impeding the performance of health and social sectors,
and building capacity of human resources, particularly young researchers and mid
and gross root levels government officials. Promoting gender equality, increasing
access to good quality RH services to all but with special focus to poor and
unreached segment of population like women and adolescents girls and boys.

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CORT Internal Stakeholders

Internal stakeholders are closest to the company and have a direct monetary stake
in the success of the business. Internal stakeholders include employees, managers,
customers and shareholders. The concept of internal stakeholders assists in
developing positive working relationships between functional departments.
Company departments cannot operate in isolation or pursue conflicting objectives
to the detriment of the company’s strategic goals and targets. The development of
positive working relationships between functional departments allows the company
to operate efficiently and effectively. Departments rely on each other to provide
goods and services of an acceptable quality and to communicate relevant
information openly, honestly and in a timely manner.

CORT is led and managed by senior professionals like Dr. M.E. Khan, President,
Dr. Sandhya Barge, Director, Dr. Bella Vasant Uttekar, Director, Dr. A.S. Dey,
Advisor and Mr. S.C. Nanavati, Director Finance.

CORTs Infrastructure

CORT has its head office at Vadodara, Gujarat, and project office based in New
Delhi and Patna that are well equipped with the latest facilities. CORT has a
training centre and a fully equipped computer centre with several computers and
netbooks and in-house data entry facility.

CORTs Organizational Structure

CORT implements its activities through a team of high caliber skilled professionals
with strong multi-disciplinary capabilities. The core team members are constantly
guided and supported by Scientific Advisory Committee members consisting of
leading national and international professionals. In addition, it also has a panel of
consultants with expertise in the area of Ob/Gyn, STI/AIDS, Epidemiology and
Public Health, Psychologists, Economists, Market.

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CORTs External Stakeholders

CORT provides services to a wide range of international and national client

institutions in its areas of core competence. Broad clusters selected clients
institutions include:

• Multilateral and UN Agencies:

(1) UNFPA
(2) WHO
(3) UNICEF
(4) ILO
(5) Ford Foundation
(6) World Bank

• Bilateral Agencies:

(1) DFID
(2) DANIDA
(3) British Council
(4) GTZ

• Government of India:

(1) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

(2) Ministry of Labor and Employment
(3) Ministry of Youth
(4) NCERT
(5) NACO

• State Governments:

(1) Government of Gujarat

(2) Maharashtra
(3) Rajasthan
(4) Madhya Pradesh
(5) Haryana
(6) Bihar

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 (7) Jharkhand
(8) Himachal Pradesh
(9) Uttar Pradesh
(10) West Bengal
(11) Daman & Diu

• International and National Agencies:

(1) Global Health Council

(2) The Population Council
(3) Engender Health
(4) Pathfinder International
(5) IPPF
(6) CARE
(7) Save the Children
(8) Welcome Trust
(9) Population Foundation of India
(10) CHETNA
(11) India HIV/AIDS Alliance
(12) Child Fund
(13) WaterAid
(14) World Lung Foundation etc,

• Research Institutions:

(1) Academy for Educational Development

(2) ICMR
(3) NARI
(4) NIMS
(5) IIPS
(6) TISS
(7) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of
California.

• CSR: Abbott Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. And IL&FS Environmental Infrastructure

& Services Ltd.

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 Introduction to Study

• To assess the knowledge and awareness of various contraceptive methods

and Family planning among males.
• To conduct a survey, of a randomly selected sample of males in rural and
urban areas, using combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques of
data collection.

Literature Review

• Once the objective was decided a brief training was given on how to conduct
a field survey, things to keep in mind while asking personal sensitive
questions and research ethics to be upheld.
• A questionnaire was developed having various question related to basic
profile of the person to be interviewed, contraception methods and family
planning.
• The questionnaire had two type of questions
i) Structured- in which the answers were pre-coded, and the surveyor just
had to select the appropriate answer.
ii) Un-structured- the question which had open ended answers.
• After the questionnaire was prepared, it was decided to conduct the survey in
2 separate regions one rural and one urban, so as to represent the entire
population as fairly as possible.
• For rural region the survey was conducted in Varnama Village in Vadodara
district, and for urban region the survey was conducted in Vadodara city.
• After the data collection in the form of hard copies was completed the data
was entered into excel.
• The data was represented in the form of frequency tables, and graphs to
draw out inference from the collected data.

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 Importance of Study

The study was conducted to assess the knowledge of contraceptive and use of
family planning among men, once the inferences are drawn out the concerned
branch of government or NGO’s such as Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
WHO, Population Foundation of India, India HIV/AIDS Alliance can be made
aware of current situation of the concerned problem so that they can take
appropriate steps to create awareness among the population of India. And launch
various policies and programs in required domains of healthcare.

Various benefits of contraption/family planning are:

• Preventing pregnancy-related health risks in women: A woman’s ability

to choose if and when to become pregnant has a direct impact on her health
and well-being. Family planning allows spacing of pregnancies and can
delay pregnancies in young women at increased risk of health problems and
death from early childbearing. Family planning enables women who wish to
limit the size of their families to do so. Evidence suggests that women who
have more than 4 children are at increased risk of maternal mortality. By
reducing rates of unintended pregnancies, family planning also reduces the
need for unsafe abortion.
• It prevents unintended pregnancies, including those of older woman who
face increased risks related to pregnancy. By reducing rates of unintended
pregnancies, family planning also reduces the need for unsafe abortion.
• Reducing infant mortality: Family planning can prevent closely spaced
and ill-timed pregnancies and birth, which contribute to some of the world’s
highest infant mortality rates. Infant of mothers who die as a result of giving
birth also have a greater risk of death and poor health.
• Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS: Family planning reduces the risk of
unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV, resulting in fewer
infected babies and orphans, In addition, male and female condoms provide
dual protection against unintended pregnancies and against STIs including
HIV.

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 • Empowering people and enhancing education: Family planning enables
people to make informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health.
Family planning represents an opportunity for women to pursue additional
education and participate in public life, including paid employment in non-
family organizations. Additionally, having smaller families allows parents to
invest more in each child. Children with fewer siblings tend to stay in school
longer than those with many siblings.
• Reducing adolescent pregnancies: Pregnant adolescents are more likely to
have preterm or low birth-weight babies. Babies born to adolescents have
higher rates of neonatal mortality. Many adolescent girls who become
pregnant have to leave school. This has long-term implications for them as
individuals, their families and communities.
• Slowing population growth: Family planning is key to slowing
unsustainable population growth and the resulting negative impacts on the
economy, environment, and national and regional development efforts.

Various types of contraceptives that can be used are:

Modern Methods
Method Description How it Effectiveness Comments
works to prevent
pregnancy
Combined oral Contains two Prevents the •
>99% with Reduces risk of
contraceptives hormones release of eggs correct and endometrial and
(COCs) or “the (estrogen and from the ovaries consistent use ovarian cancer
pill” progestogen) (ovulation) • 92% as
commonly used
Progestogen- Contains only Thickens • 99% with correct Can be used while
only pills progestogen cervical mucus and consistent breastfeeding;
(POPs) or "the hormone, not to block sperm use must be taken at
minipill" estrogen and egg from • 90–97% as the same time
meeting and commonly used each day
prevents
ovulation
Implants Small, flexible Thickens Health-care
rods or capsules cervical mucus >99% provider must
placed under the to block sperm insert and
skin of the upper and egg from remove; can be
arm; contains meeting and used for 3–5 years
progestogen prevents depending on

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 hormone only ovulation implant; irregular
vaginal bleeding
common but not
harmful
Progestogen Injected into the Thickens • >99% with Delayed return to
only injectables muscle or under cervical mucus correct and fertility (about 1–
the skin every 2 or to block sperm consistent use 4 months on the
3 months, and egg from • 97% as average) after
depending on meeting and commonly used use; irregular
product prevents vaginal bleeding
ovulation common, but not
harmful
Monthly Injected monthly Prevents the • >99% with Irregular vaginal
injectables or into the muscle, release of eggs correct and bleeding
combined contains estrogen from the ovaries consistent use common, but not
injectable and progestogen (ovulation) • 97% as harmful
contraceptives commonly used
(CIC)
Combined Continuously Prevents the The patch and the The Patch and the
contraceptive releases 2 release of eggs CVR are new and CVR provide a
patch and hormones – a from the ovaries research on comparable safety
combined progestin and an (ovulation) effectiveness is and
contraceptive estrogen- directly limited. pharmacokinetic
vaginal ring through the skin Effectiveness studies profile to COCs
(CVR) (patch) or from report that it may be with similar
the ring more effective than hormone
the COCs, both as formulations.
commonly and
consistent or correct
use
Intrauterine Small flexible Copper >99% Longer and
device (IUD): plastic device component heavier periods
copper containing copper damages sperm during first
containing sleeves or wire and prevents it months of use
that is inserted from meeting are common but
into the uterus the egg not harmful; can
also be used as
emergency
contraception
Male condoms Sheaths or Forms a barrier • 98% with correct Also protects
coverings that fit to prevent sperm and consistent against sexually
over a man's erect and egg from use transmitted
penis meeting • 85% as infections,
commonly used including HIV
Female Sheaths, or Forms a barrier • 90% with correct Also protects
condoms linings, that fit to prevent sperm and consistent against sexually

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 loosely inside a and egg from use transmitted
woman's vagina, meeting • 79% as infections,
made of thin, commonly used including HIV
transparent, soft
plastic film
Male Permanent Keeps sperm out • >99% after 3 3 months delay in
sterilization contraception to of ejaculated months semen taking effect
(vasectomy) block or cut the semen evaluation while stored
vas deferens tubes • 97–98% with no sperm is still
that carry sperm semen evaluation present; does not
from the testicles affect male sexual
performance;
voluntary and
informed choice
is essential
Female Permanent Eggs are >99% Voluntary and
sterilization contraception to blocked from informed choice
(tubal ligation) block or cut the meeting sperm is essential
fallopian tubes
Lactational Temporary Prevents the • 99% with correct A temporary
amenorrhea contraception for release of eggs and consistent family planning
method (LAM) new mothers from the ovaries use method based on
whose monthly (ovulation) • 98% as the natural effect
bleeding has not commonly used of breastfeeding
returned; requires on fertility
exclusive or full
breastfeeding day
and night of an
infant less than 6
months old
Emergency Pills taken to Delays ovulation If all 100 women Does not disrupt
contraception prevent pregnancy used progestin-only an already
pills (ulipristal up to 5 days after emergency existing
acetate 30 mg or unprotected sex contraception, one pregnancy
levonorgestrel would likely become
1.5 mg) pregnant.
Standard Days Women track Prevents • 95% with Can be used to
Method or SDM their fertile pregnancy by consistent and identify fertile
periods (usually avoiding correct use. days by both
days 8 to 19 of unprotected • 88% with women who want
each 26 to 32 day vaginal sex common use to become
cycle) using cycle during most (Arevalo et al pregnant and
beads or other fertile days. 2002) women who want
aids to avoid
pregnancy.
Correct,

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 consistent use
requires partner
cooperation.
TwoDay Women track Prevents • 96% with correct Difficult to use if
Method their fertile pregnancy by and consistent a woman has a
periods by avoiding use. vaginal infection
observing unprotected • 86% with typical or another
presence of vaginal sex or common use condition that
cervical mucus (if during most changes cervical
any type color or fertile days mucus.
consistency) Unprotected
coitus may be
resumed after 2
consecutive dry
days (or without
secretions)
Traditional Methods
Calendar Women monitor The couple • 91% with correct May need to
method or their pattern of prevents and consistent delay or use with
rhythm method menstrual cycle pregnancy by use. caution when
over 6 months, avoiding • 75% with using drugs (such
subtracts 18 from unprotected common use as anxiolytics,
shortest cycle vaginal sex antidepressants,
length (estimated during the 1st NSAIDS, or
1st fertile day) and last certain
and subtracts 11 estimated fertile antibiotics) which
from longest cycle days, by may affect timing
length (estimated abstaining or of ovulation.
last fertile day) using a condom
Withdrawal Man withdraws Tries to keep • 96% with correct One of the least
(coitus his penis from his sperm out of the and consistent effective
interrupts) partner's vagina, woman's body, use methods, because
and ejaculates preventing • 73% as proper timing of
outside the fertilization commonly used withdrawal is
vagina, keeping often difficult to
semen away from determine,
her external leading to the risk
genitalia of ejaculating
while inside the
vagina.
Table 1: Contraceptives

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 Objectives

The following questionnaire was developed specific to the objectives of the

research and was filled by taking a personal interview of several men in a
randomly selected sample.

Sr. Question Answer Option Comments

No
1. How old are you?
________ years old
2. What is your education?

3. Are you working for cash or 1. Yes

kind? 2. No
7. Others (specify)
4. If yes, what is your main
occupation

5. What is your marital status?

1. Married
2. Unmarried àQ7
3. Separated
7. Others (specify)
6. How many children do you Total __________
have?
Sons __________

Daughters
__________
7. Do you know anything about 1. Yes
family planning? 2. No
3. Partial knowledge
7. Others (specify)

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 8. From where did you obtain this 1. Field health
knowledge? workers
2. Hospital
3. Friends
4. Family
5. Self-explored
6. Newspaper/print
media
7. Others (specify)
9. Have you ever used any 1. Yes
contraception method? 2. No
7. Others (specify)
10. Do you use any contraception 1. Yes
method currently? 2. No
7. Others (specify)
11. Which contraception do you or 1. Female
wife use? sterilization
2. Male sterilization
3. IUD
4. Injectables
5. Male Condom
6. Female condom
7. Oral pills
8. Rhythm method
9. Withdrawal
77 Others (specify)
12. What is the reason for using the 1. Convenience
particular contraception 2. Ease of availability
method? 3. Economical
4. Mutually decided
5. Less side effects
7. Others (specify)
13. Have you experienced any side 1. Yes (specify)
effects from using any of the 2. No
contraceptive methods in past?

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 14. Which type of contraception 1. Temporary
method do you want? 2. Permanent
7. Others (specify)
Contraceptive counseling
15. During the contraception 1. Completely agree
consultation, we were able to 2. Agree
give our opinion about what we 3. Disagree
needed. 4. Completely
disagree
16. We received complete 1. Completely agree
information about our options 2. Agree
for contraceptive methods. 3. Disagree
4. Completely
disagree
5. N/A – I received
no information
about family planning
17. We had the opportunity to 1. Completely agree
participate in the selection of a 2. Agree
method. 3. Disagree
4. Completely
disagree
5. N/A – I came for
follow-up services
for family planning
18. We felt the information we 1. Completely agree
shared with the provider was 2. Agree
going to stay between us. 3. Disagree
4. Completely
disagree
19. The provider gave us the time 1. Completely agree
we needed to consider the 2. Agree
contraceptive options we 3. Disagree
discussed. 4. Completely
disagree

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 20. The provider was friendly 1. Completely agree
during the contraception 2. Agree
consultation. 3. Disagree
4. Completely
disagree
21. We felt the health care provider 1. Completely agree
had sufficient knowledge about 2. Agree
contraceptive methods. 3. Disagree
4. Completely
disagree
22. We felt encouraged to ask 1. Completely agree
questions and express our 2. Agree
concerns. 3. Disagree
4. Completely
disagree
23. The provider made efforts to 1. Completely agree
ensure there were no 2. Agree
interruptions during our session. 3. Disagree
4. Completely
disagree
Disrespect and abuse
24. We felt the provider treated us 1. Yes
poorly because they tend to 2. Yes, with doubts
judge people. (Clothing, age, 3. No, with doubts
living condition, marital status, 4. No
etc.)
25. The provider touched me or 1. Yes
looked at me in a way that made 2. Yes, with doubts
me feel uncomfortable. 3. No, with doubts
4. No
26. I felt scolded because of my 1. Yes
marital status. 2. Yes, with doubts
3. No, with doubts
4. No

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 27. How satisfied are you with the 1. Very satisfied
interaction you had with the 2. Satisfied
provider about family planning? 3. Not satisfied
4. Not at all satisfied
28. In general, how was your 1. Very good
experience with the provider? 2. Good
3. Not good
4. Very bad
29. How comfortable did you feel 1. Very comfortable
with the provider? 2. Somewhat
comfortable
3. Not very
comfortable
4. Not at all
comfortable
30. How much did you trust the 1. A lot of trust
provider? 2. Some trust
3. Not very much
trust
4. No trust at all
31. Would you recommend this 1. Yes
person to a friend looking for 2. Unsure
information about family 3. No
planning or for a family
planning method?
32. Please estimate the amount of 1. 0-1 minutes
time you spent discussing 2. 2-5 minutes
family planning with the 3. 6-10 minutes
provider. 4. More than 10
minutes
Table 2: Questionnaire

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 Weekly Report

Week 1

SR NO. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING AND

ACTIVITIES OBSERVATION
Day 1 • Brief introduction about • Made a plan for how to work
9th December,2019 CORT for 3 weeks
• Meeting the directors and
other employees
• Tour of main office and
allocation of working desk
Day 2 • Visited the training centre of • Learning about logistics
10th December,2019 CORT at Paramdham operation of large scale
Society. survey (NFHS-5 – National
• Brief description of NFHS Family Health Survey)
survey and how it is • Understanding the
conducted across India, by importance of NFHS and its
Ministry of Health and large scale operations.
Family Welfare.

• How to draft a proposal for • Understanding the

Day 3 applying for a survey by Dr. importance of drafting a
11th December,2019 Sandhya Barge proposal and the components
it should include

Day 4 • Description about an ongoing • Understanding the role of

12th December,2019 project issued by CORT in the survey
International Planned Parent conducted by IPPF.
Federation, UK, London by
Mr. Abdul Ahad • How target areas are
• Planning of how the 3 years selected, compared, and
long survey will be conducted analyzed. After giving

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 and managed. appropriate interventions

Day 5 • Description of small scale, • Learning how to manage the

13th December,2019 medium scale and large scale field staff.
surveys by Ms. Kanchan • Keeping tight monitoring on
Lakhwani the survey process and
• How to do planning and ensuring no wastage of
organizing for large scale resources is taking place.
surveys (NFHS)
Day 6 • How to draft a proposal for • Understanding the
14th December, 2019 applying for a project. importance of drafting a
proposal and the components
it should include.

Table 3

Week 2

SR NO. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING AND

ACTIVITIES OBSERVATION
Day 7 • Importance of under taking • Collection of data and its
16th December,2019 surveys with social interpretation.
objectives. • The analysis done is shared
with government and private
agencies so that they can
decide in which areas more
resources need to be invested
for social upliftment of the
society.

Day 8 • Detailed description of • Learning how various

17th December,2019 various contraceptive contraceptives must be used

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 methods by Ms. Jashoda properly.
Sharma • Different conditions where
different contraceptives are
appropriate.
• How to ask personal
questions and things to keep
in mind while asking them.

Day 9 • Developing questionnaire • How to prepare questions for

18th December,2019 a survey
• Preparing structured answers,
and determining various
answers possible. .

Day 10 • Detailed description of Indian • Understanding the footprint

19th December,2019 government’s healthcare of Indian healthcare at
structure by Dr. Bella Vasant various districts, taluka and
Uttekar panchayat levels.

Day 11 • Field work guided by Mr. • Visited Varnama village, met

20th December, 2019 Mayank Patel. the field coordinator and
learned how to ask various
question.

Day 12 • Field work • Took personal interview of

21st December,2019 people in rural
area(Varnama)

Table 4

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 Week 3

SR NO. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING AND

ACTIVITIES OBSERVATION
Day 13 • Field work • Took personal interview of
23rd December,2019 people in rural area
(Varnama)
• Experienced the difficulties
that a field interviewer faces
during a survey.

Day 14 • Field work • Took personal interview of

24th December,2019 people in Urban area
(Vadodara)
• Difference in the way
answers given by the rural
and urban people.

Day 15 • Introduction of various • How qualitative methods

26th December,2019 qualitative methods of data differ from quantative
collection and their method and their significance
importance by Dr. Bella while making a decision
Vasant Uttekar.
Day 16 • Description of how to convert • Various data entry techniques
27th December,2019 data from hard copy to soft in MS excel and cs-pro
copy by Ms. Seema • Things to be kept in mind
Narvekar. while preparing a cs-pro
program.
• How to edit data on software
after data collection is
complete.

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Day 17 • Introduction to data analysis • Methods such as Z-test, T-
28th December, 2019 methods, and ethics to be test, F-test, to analyze the
followed while data collection collected data.
and analysis by Dr. A.S. Dey. • How to crosscheck the
collected data, and check its
accuracy using bivariate
table.

Day 18 • Introduction to different • Learning how to program

30th December,2019 packages and software used questions in cs-pro.
for data entry. • Data entry in cs-pro package
• The difference between data
entry in excel and cs-pro.
• Developing cross-checks
using logic.

Table 5

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 Findings from the study

Number of contraceptive users by marital status

Others
1

IUD
2
contraceptives

Withdrawal
4

Rhythm Method
1

2
OralPills
2

5
Male Condom
7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
users (married/unmarried)

unmarried Married

Graph 1

• Majority of surveyed married men prefer male condom

• 71.42% of surveyed unmarried men prefer male condom

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 Contraception method used according to marital
status
18 16
16
14
Marital status

12
10
8 7
6
4
2 1
0
Permanent Temporary

contraception method
Married unmarried

Graph 2

• Majority of surveyed men prefer temporary contraception method

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 Family Planning awareness
10 9
9
8
7
6
Count

5 4 4 4
4
3 2
2 1
1
0
No Partial Yes
Knowledge about family planning

Rural Urban

Graph 3

• 52.94% of surveyed men living in rural areas have knowledge about family
planning.
• 57.14% of surveyed men living in urban area have knowledge about family
planning.

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 Level of Family planning awareness according to
marital status
Count of respondent

12 11

10

4 3 3 3
2 2
2

0
No Partial Yes
Level of awareness

Married unmarried

Graph 4

• 64.70% of surveyed married men have the knowledge about family

planning.

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 Challenges and Constraints faced during the
project

We had come across some challenges because this was a completely new task for
us something that we had never done before, but with the appropriate training and
timely guidance from CORT we were able to accomplish our task successfully.

The challenges we faced were:

• Preparing the questionnaire, comprising the minimum questions that would

cover the entire objective of the project.
• Maintaining the flow of questions asked, and making sure that the survey
continues smoothly and without any external influence.
• Approaching unknown people and requesting them to give them a response
regarding their personal life.
• Convincing the person being reviewed that the information given by him
will not harm his reputation and will not be used for any purpose other than
this research.
• Making the respondent understand the questions in a language they can
understand and are comfortable with.
• Maintaining ethics of during the course of survey and after the survey has
been completed.

The challenges faced by CORT:

CORT conducts small scale, medium scale and large scale surveys, and takes up
quality monitoring and process documentation projects. In which they face various
challenges and constraints at different levels while conducting a project.

Some of the challenges are:

• While conducting a large scale survey like NFHS-5, they have to coordinate
with many teams working on the field and make sure the project is
completed within time limit.
• Making sure that on field surveyors follow ethics and the survey is taken in
the most fair way possible.

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 • To keep finances in check, so that the project does not go over budget, this
might cause heavy losses to CORT.
• Planning the logistics operation across one or more than one state depending
upon the project.

Limitations of the Study

The objective of the study is to assess the current level of awareness regarding
contraceptive methods and family planning among men. Once the research is
completed it could be determined that in which domain the government or the
private agencies need to put in more efforts to improve the current situation.

The limitations of the research we conducted are:

• Sample size:
The sample size over which the research was conducted was very small
compared to the population for which the conclusion had to be drawn out. A
survey based on a larger sample size could have generated more accurate
results.
The importance of sample size is greater in quantitative studies compared to
qualitative studies.

• Reliability of data:
The questions asked for research are of very private and personal in nature,
hence it is assumed that the respondent would have answered them truthfully
and accurately, and there is also no way we can cross check some important
questions.

• Sampling error:
Instead of considering the entire population, the research selected a random
sample, which may not consist of all the different variations possible in the
population.

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 • Non-sampling error:
1. Difficult to understand questions.
2. Error during recording the answer in the questionnaire.
3. Error during data entry.
4. Improper interpretation during analysis and report writing.

Annexure

Sr. NO. Title Page NO.

Table-1 Various Contraceptives 14
Table-2 Questionnaire 18
Table-3 Weekly report-1 23
Table-4 Weekly report-2 24
Table-5 Weekly report-3 26
Graph-1 Number of contraception users by marital 28
status
Graph-2 Contraception method used according to 29
marital status
Graph-3 Family planning awareness 30
Graph-4 Family planning awareness according to 31
marital status

References / Bibliography

• The Situation Analysis Approach to Assessing Family Planning and

Reproductive Health Services - A Handbook
• WHO.int

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