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Assignment 2 - Head and Fluid Flow

The document provides information and questions for Assignment 2 on head and fluid flow. It includes: 1) A diagram of a liquid flow system with questions calculating velocity, piezometer height, flow time, tank height, and pressure. 2) A 50 mark question explaining the concept of head with distinctions between types of head including pressure, velocity, potential, and total head.

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158 views

Assignment 2 - Head and Fluid Flow

The document provides information and questions for Assignment 2 on head and fluid flow. It includes: 1) A diagram of a liquid flow system with questions calculating velocity, piezometer height, flow time, tank height, and pressure. 2) A 50 mark question explaining the concept of head with distinctions between types of head including pressure, velocity, potential, and total head.

Uploaded by

RN Builder Ipoh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 2 –Head and Fluid Flow

1. Liquid with relative density 0.8 flows at a rate of 1.2 kg/s through the pipe as shown in
figure below. The pressure at point 1 is 110 kilopascals absolute measured from the
centre of the pipe. Determine:

a) the velocity at point 1


(8 marks)
b) the velocity at point 2
(8 marks)
c) the height in mm shown by the piezometer at point 1 to the centre of the pipe
(8 marks)
d) the time in hours for 6 cubic meters of liquid to flow into the tank
(10 marks)
3
e) the height of the liquid in the tank when it contains 6 m of liquid
(6 marks)
f) the pressure (gauge and absolute) at the base of the tank when it contains 6 m 3 of
liquid
(10 marks)
Liquid Measuring System

Piezometer Ф 20 mm

1 .2 kg/s 1
2

Ф 25 mm Ф 1500 mm

2. Explain the concept of head with the aid of suitable diagram and compare between
types of head and their distinctions.
(50 marks)

(Total mark: 100 marks)


Assignment 2 –Answer

1.
a) Mass flow rate = density x area x velocity (2 marks)
(4 marks)
1.2 kg/s = 0.8 x 1000 x (π/4) x (0.025)2 x v1
(2 marks)
v1 = 3.06 m/s
b) Using continuity equation:
(2 marks)
Mass flow rate in = Mass flow rate out
(4 marks)
2
1.2 kg/s = 0.8 x 1000 x (π/4) x (0.02) x v2
(2 marks)
v2 = 4.775 m/s
c) Pressure = density x gravitational force x height (2 marks)
(4 marks)
(110 – 101.3) x 103 = 800 x 9.81 x h
(2 marks)
h = 1.109 m

d) Volume flow rate = mass flow rate / density (2 marks)

= 1.2 / 800

= 0.0015 m3/s
(4 marks)
For 6 m3/s, the time t = 6/0.0015
(4 marks)
= 4000 s = 1.11 hours
e) Volume = Area x height (2 marks)
(2 marks)
6 = (π/4) x (1.5)2 x h
(2 marks)
h = 3.395 m
f) Pressure = density x gravitational force x height
(4 marks)
= 800 x 9.81 x 3.395 = 26.6 kPa (gauge)

P absolute = P atmospheric + P gauge


(4 marks)
= 101.3 + 26.6 = 128 kPa (2 marks)

2.
Head is a very important concept in fluid mechanics because head is directly
proportional to the energy of the fluid. A flowing fluid has velocity head, if under
pressure it has also pressure head and if elevated above a datum it also has potential head.
The sum of these three heads is the total head. If there are no flow losses, fluid energy
and therefore head must be conserved. The mathematical statement of this is known as
Bernoulli’s equation.

Pressure and Velocity Head

Head is the height to which a fluid will rise as a result of its energy.

There are four types of head, namely pressure head, velocity head, potential head and
total head.

Pressure head is the height to which a fluid will rise because of its pressure. It is denoted
by hp = p/ ρg (unit is m)

Velocity head is the height to which a fluid will rise because of its velocity. It is denoted
by hv = v2/2g (unit is m)

Potential head is the height of the centroid of a fluid stream above a datum. It can be
either positive or negative depending on the position of pipe.(below or above a datum).
It is denoted by h (unit is m)

The total head is the sum of the pressure, velocity and potential heads. It is denoted by H
which is equal to: H = hp + hv + h

(Total mark: 100 marks)

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