Gravimetry:: The Experiment of Non-Metallic Chemistry

CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTAL REPORT
Course : The Experiment of Non-Metallic Chemistry
GRAVIMETRY
CREATED BY:
NAME : ESTER MONIKA SIRAIT
NIM : 4182131017
MAJOR : CHEMISTRY
PROGRAM : S-1 BILINGUAL CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
GROUP : IV (FOUR)
DATE : WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15TH 2020
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
MEDAN
I. EXPERIMENT TITLE : GRAVIMETRY
II. PURPOSES
1. To identify the color changes of the solution after added CH3COOH and K2CrO4
5%
2. To get the Pb content contained in the precipitate of PbCrO4.
3. To get the yield obtained in the experiment.
III. THEORETICAL STUDY :

Gravimetric analysis or quantitative analysis by weight is the process of isolating
and weighing an element or a definite compound of the element in as pure a form as
possible. The element or compound is separated from a weighed portion of the
substance being examined. A large proportion of the determinations in gravimetric
analysis is concerned with the transformation of the element or radical to be determined
into a pure stable compound which can be readily converted into a form suitable for
weighing. The weight of the element or radical may then be readily calculated from a
knowledge of the formula of the compound and the relative atomic masses of the
constituent elements.
The separation of the element or of the compound containing it may be effected
in a number of ways, the most important of which are: (a) precipitation methods; (b)
volatilisation or evolution methods; (c) electroanalytical methods; and (d) extraction and
chromatographic methods. (Jeffery, 1989)
The gravimetric method is one of the most commonly used quantitative and
accurate volume determination methods in research laboratories and in industry.
Gravimetric volumetric calibration standards like ASTM E542 and ISO 4787 have been
established over 20 years to calibrate volumetric apparatus and liquid-handling devices
with the capacity from 100μlto2l.Standard operation procedures(SOP), traceability and
uncertainty of the gravimetric approach in calibration of liquid-handling devices have
been researched and discussed many times. The lower limit of detection of the
traditional gravimetric measurement approach for volumetric calibration of liquid
handling systems mostly depends on the readability of the primary measuring device—
the balance. Modern precise laboratory micro balances like XP2U/M from Mettler
Toledo Inc. (Liang, 2012)
The procedure of gravimetric measurement was performed in accordance with
the Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals by
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM G 31). In this technique, the
samples were completely submersed in chosen corrosive solution. Al-Mg-Si alloy
specimens in triplicate for each measurement were immersed in a container, which
contained 3000 mL of seawater with the presence and absence of various concentrations
of natural products. All the test solutions were let out in the air. (Rosliza, 2014)
.
IV. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
IV.1. Apparatus
IV.2. Materials
V. WORK PROCEDURE
VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT/REACTIONS/DISCUSSION
V.1. Experimental Results
No. Treatment Result

1. 0.3 gr Pb(NO3)4 + H2O 50 ml The color of the solution shifted into
murky white.
2. Solution + CH3COH + K2CrO4 5% The solution’s color shifted into colorless
and it formed bright yellow precipitate.
3. Precipitate put in oven Precipitate dried and the water was
removed.
4. Weigh the precipitate The precipitate’s weight was 0.2 gr
VI.2. Reactions
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) → Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3(aq)
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2CH3COOH (aq) → Pb(CH3COO)2(aq) + HNO3(aq)

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
VI.3. Discussion
Gravimetric is the quantitative determination of a substance by weighing it after it
has been isolated with a particular arrangement, or in other words that it is deposited to
determine the weight or content of the desired compound. Reagents are needed to deposit
the compounds to be tested. Pb which belongs to group one cation will form a precipitate
if it is reacted with CrO42- to form a yellow precipitate but first my forehead is drained
with hot water to remove ions and separate Pb for the next (Situmorang, 2012)
The advantages offered by gravimetric analysis are:
(a) it is accurate and precise when using modern analytical balances; (b) possible
sources of error are readily checked, since filtrates can be tested for completeness of
precipitation and precipitates may be examined for the presence of impurities; (c) it has
the important advantage of being an absolute method, i.e. one involving direct
measurement without any form of calibration being required; (d) determinations can be
carried out with relatively inexpensive apparatus, the most expensive requirements being
a muffle furnace and, in some cases, platinum crucibles.
Two general applications of gravimetric analysis are:
(a) the analysis of standards which are to be used for the testing and/or calibration
of instrumental techniques; (b) analyses requiring high accuracy, although the time-
consuming nature of gravimetry limits this application to small numbers of
determinations. (Jeffrey, 1989).
Given : Pb(NO3)2’s mass : 0.03 gr
PbCrO4’s mass : 0.2 gr
Pb’s Ar : 207.19 g/mole
PbCrO4’s : 323.1236 g/mole
Pb’s mole :1
PbCrO4’s mole :1
Question : Practical and experimental mass of Pb2+
Yield?
Answer:
Practical Pb mass = PbCrO4 mass x [ ]
= 0.3 gr x [ ]
= 0.1878 gr
Exp. Pb mass = PbCrO4 mass x [ ]
= 0.2 gr x [ ]
= 0.128 gr
Yield Percentage =
=
= 68.3%
VII. CONCLUSION
a. The solution’s color being added with CH3COOH shifted into colorless, but after
being added with K2CrO4 the solution shifted into yellow and formed yellow
precipitate
b. Based on theory, the mass of PbCrO4 precipitate is 0.1878 gr
c. From the calculation, we will get yield 68.3%
VIII. TASKS AND ANSWERS

1. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
2. Deviations that occur with inappropriate results can occur due to several factors,
namely the process of weighing the results that are less careful in seeing the results,
washing out unclean deposits and drying too fast or too long.
IX. REFERENCES
Jeffery, G. H., Basset, J., Medham, J., & Denney, R.C. (1989). Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Analytical Chemisty. John Wiley & Sons.
Liang, D., Steinert, C., Bammerberger, S., Tanguy, L., Ernst, A., Zengerle, R., &
Koltay, P. (2012). Novel Gravimetric Measurement Technique for Quantitative
Volume Calibration in the Sub-Microliter Range. Measurement Science and
Technologi, 24: 1-10.
Rosliza, R. & Nik, W. B. W. (2013). Gravimetric Analysis of Corrosion Inhibition on
Al-Mg-Si Alloy by Environmental Friendly products. Australian Journal of Basic
and Applied Sciences, 8(4): 804-810
Medan, 22nd 2020

Lab Assistant Practician
Hanza Elisabeth Saragi Ester Monika Sirait

NIM. 4173210008 NIM. 4182131017

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CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTAL REPORT

Course : The Experiment of Non-Metallic Chemistry

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

III. THEORETICAL STUDY :

IV. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

V.1. Experimental Results

No. Treatment Result

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) → Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3(aq)

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2CH3COOH (aq) → Pb(CH3COO)2(aq) + HNO3(aq)

VIII. TASKS AND ANSWERS

Medan, 22nd 2020

Hanza Elisabeth Saragi Ester Monika Sirait

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