Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information

Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
Level 3 GCE
Tuesday 4 June 2019
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper Reference 9CH0/01

Chemistry
Advanced
Paper 1: Advanced Inorganic and Physical Chemistry

Candidates must have: Data Booklet Total Marks

Scientific calculator
Ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 90.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• ability
For the question marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your
to structure your answer logically showing the points that you make are
related or follow on from each other where appropriate.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Checkallyouryouranswers
Show working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• if you have time at the end.

Turn over

P58306A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/2/1/1/
*P58306A0128*
 Answer ALL questions.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box .

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If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box
and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 This question is about atoms, molecules and ions.

(a) The numbers of subatomic particles in an 18O atom are
(1)
A 8 protons, 10 neutrons and 8 electrons
B 9 protons, 9 neutrons and 9 electrons
C 10 protons, 8 neutrons and 10 electrons
D 18 protons, 18 neutrons and 18 electrons

(b) The mass spectrum of a sample of bromine molecules with approximately equal
proportions of the 79Br and 81Br isotopes is

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(1)
A B

Relative Relative
intensity intensity

0 0
60 80 100 120 140 160 60 80 100 120 140 160
m/z m/z

C D
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Relative Relative
intensity intensity

0 0
60 80 100 120 140 160 60 80 100 120 140 160
m/z m/z

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 (c) The total number of electrons in all the occupied p orbitals in a chloride ion, Cl–, is
(1)
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A 5
B 6
C 12
D 18

(d) Which of these isoelectronic ions has the largest ionic radius?
(1)
A N3–
B O2–
C Na+
D Al3+
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(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

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*P58306A0328* Turn over
2 This question is about some redox reactions of chlorine, bromine and iodine.
(a) An excess of aqueous potassium bromide was added to chlorine water and the

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solution turned orange.
(i) Write an equation for this reaction. State symbols are not required.
(1)

(ii) Silver nitrate solution was added to the mixture in (a) and excess
dilute ammonia solution was then added to the precipitate formed.
Only some of the precipitate dissolved.
Deduce why only some of the precipitate dissolved.
(3)

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(iii) Aqueous potassium bromide was added to aqueous iodine, instead of

chlorine water. There was no reaction.
Give a reason why no reaction occurred.
(1)

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 (b) Chlorine undergoes disproportionation when it reacts with hot aqueous
sodium hydroxide solution.
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(i) Complete the ionic equation for this reaction.

State symbols are not required.
(1)

................ . . . . . . . . Cl2 + ........................ OH– o ........................ Cl– + ........................ ClO3– + ........................ H2O

(ii) Explain, in terms of oxidation numbers, why this is a disproportionation reaction.

(2)

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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

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3 The standard molar enthalpy change of neutralisation is the enthalpy change when
an acid and an alkali react under standard conditions to form one mole of water.

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(a) An experiment was carried out to determine the enthalpy change of
neutralisation for the reaction between propanoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
The equation for this reaction is

CH3CH2COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) o CH3CH2COO–Na+(aq) + H2O(l)

50.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution, of concentration 1.00 mol dm–3, was placed
in a polystyrene cup. The initial temperature was measured.
(i) Which piece of equipment has the smallest measurement uncertainty for the
measurement of 50.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution?
(1)

Equipment Measurement uncertainty for each reading

A burette ±0.05 cm3
50 cm3 measuring cylinder ±1 cm3

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B
C 25 cm3 pipette ±0.06 cm3
D 50 cm3 pipette ±0.08 cm3

(ii) 50.0 cm3 of propanoic acid solution, of concentration 1.00 mol dm–3, was
added and thoroughly mixed with the sodium hydroxide solution in the
polystyrene cup.
The maximum temperature rise was 6.5 °C.
Calculate the enthalpy change of neutralisation for propanoic acid, in kJ mol–1,
giving your answer to the nearest whole number.
[Assume density of the mixture = 1.00 g cm–3, specific heat capacity of the
mixture = 4.18 J g–1 °C–1]
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*P58306A0628*
 (b) Another experiment was carried out with a solution of ethanoic acid and
sodium hydroxide solution of the same concentration.
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(i) Which graph shows the correct way that the maximum temperature rise
should be determined?
(1)
A B
45 45
40 40
Temperature / °C

Temperature / °C
35 35
30 ¨T 30 ¨T
25 25
20 20
15 15
0 0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600
NaOH NaOH
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Time / s Time / s
added added

C D
45 45
40 40
Temperature / °C

Temperature / °C

35 35
30 ¨T 30 ¨T
25 25
20 20
15 15
0 0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600
NaOH NaOH
Time / s Time / s
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added added

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*P58306A0728* Turn over
 (ii) Explain why the data book value for the standard enthalpy change of
neutralisation of ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide is –55.2 kJ mol–1 but the
value for hydrochloric acid is –57.1 kJ mol–1.

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(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

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*P58306A0828*
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BLANK PAGE

*P58306A0928*
9
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4 Thermal decomposition is the breaking down of a substance by heat.
(a) An experiment was carried out to investigate the thermal decomposition of a

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metal nitrate using the apparatus shown.

glowing splint

metal nitrate test tube

heat

(i) The glowing splint is used as a test for one of the gases given off in this experiment.
Identify this gas and the positive result of the test.
(1)

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(ii) Give the name and appearance of the other gas given off in this experiment
when a Group 2 nitrate is heated.
(1)

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(iii) Write the equation for the decomposition if the Group 1 compound,
sodium nitrate, was used in this experiment.
State symbols are not required.
(1)
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*P58306A01028*
 (iv) Describe the apparatus that would be used to compare the decomposition of
metal carbonates. Include how the rate of decomposition would be compared.
(2)
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(b) Explain why magnesium carbonate decomposes much more readily on heating
than barium carbonate.
(3)

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(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)

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*P58306A01128* Turn over
5 This is a question about catalysis.
(a) The reaction between iodide ions and peroxodisulfate ions is catalysed by iron(II) ions.

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Fe2+
2I– + S2O82– o I2 + 2SO42–

(i) Give a reason why the reaction between iodide ions and peroxodisulfate ions
has a high activation energy and is therefore very slow without a catalyst.
(1)

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(ii) Explain, with the aid of two equations, how the iron(II) ions catalyse this
reaction. State symbols are not required.
(3)

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(b) The oxidation of sulfate(IV) ions to sulfate(VI) ions is catalysed by cobalt(II) ions in
acidic solution. The role of cobalt(II) ions is similar to that of iron(II) ions in (a).

Co2+
SO32– + ½O2 o SO42–

Deduce two ionic equations to show how cobalt(II) ions catalyse the reaction in
acidic solution. State symbols are not required.
(2)
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*P58306A01228*
 (c) The rate of oxidation of ethanedioate ions by manganate(VII) ions starts slowly
and then rapidly increases.
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2MnO4– + 16H+ + 5C2O42– o 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2

What is the catalyst in this reaction?

(1)
A CO2
B H+
C Mn2+
D MnO4–

(d) The trend in the strength of gaseous adsorption by three transition elements is

tungsten ! platinum ! silver

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Silver is not suitable as a replacement for platinum in a catalytic converter

because the adsorption of gases is too weak to allow significant chemical reaction.
Give a possible reason why tungsten would also not be a suitable replacement
for platinum in a catalytic converter. Refer to the mechanism of heterogenous
catalysis in your answer.
(1)

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(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

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13
*P58306A01328* Turn over
6 This is a question about water.
(a) Water might be expected to have a lower boiling temperature than hydrogen sulfide

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but it actually has a higher boiling temperature.
Comment on this statement by referring to the intermolecular forces in both these substances.
A detailed description of how the intermolecular forces arise is not required.
(4)

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14
*P58306A01428*
 (b) Explain why both water and carbon dioxide molecules have polar bonds but only
water is a polar molecule.
(4)
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(c) Pure water ionises to form H3O+ and OH– ions, although only to a very small extent.
Draw the dot-and-cross diagrams of these ions.
Use dots (•) for the hydrogen electrons and crosses (×) for the oxygen electrons.
(2)
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15
*P58306A01528* Turn over
 (d) An equation for the ionisation of water is

` H+(aq) + OH–(aq)
H2O(l) _

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The expression for the ionic product of water is

Kw = [H+(aq)] [OH–(aq)]

The value of Kw at 310 K is 2.40 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6

(i) Calculate the pH of water at 310 K.
Give your answer to two decimal places.
(2)

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(ii) Predict, with a reason, whether water is acidic, alkaline or neutral at 310 K.
(2)

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(iii) Predict, with a reason, the sign of the enthalpy change for the ionisation of water.
(1)

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(Total for Question 6 = 15 marks)

16
*P58306A01628*
 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

BLANK PAGE

*P58306A01728*
17
Turn over
*7 Colour is often used in chemistry to identify substances.
Compare and contrast the origin of the colour of a copper(II) complex with the origin

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of the colour of the copper(II) ion in a flame test.
You do not need to state any specific colours.
(6)

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18
*P58306A01828*
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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)

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8 Sodium hydride, NaH, can be used to generate hydrogen for fuel cells.
(a) In order to calculate the first electron affinity of hydrogen, a student was asked to

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draw a Born-Haber cycle for sodium hydride.
The cycle had two errors but the numerical data were correct.

Na+(g) + e– + H(g)
Half of the enthalpy change First electron affinity of hydrogen
+218 kJ mol–1 of atomisation of hydrogen
Na+(g) + H–(g)
Na+(g) + e– + ½H2(g)
First ionisation energy of sodium
+496 kJ mol–1
Na(g) + ½H2(g)
Enthalpy change of atomisation Lattice energy
of sodium of sodium –804 kJ mol–1
+107 kJ mol–1
hydride
Na(s) + ½H2(g)
Enthalpy change of formation

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of sodium hydride
–56 kJ mol–1
NaH(s)

(i) Identify and correct the two errors in this Born-Haber cycle.
(2)

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(ii) Calculate the first electron affinity, in kJ mol–1, of hydrogen, using the values
given in the cycle.
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(1)

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 (b) The equation for the formation of sodium hydride is

Na(s) + ½H2(g) o NaH(s) ¨fH = –56 kJ mol–1

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The standard entropy change of the system, ¨S system , for this reaction is
–76.5 J K–1 mol–1.
(i) Deduce the feasibility of this reaction at 298 K by calculating the free energy
change, ¨G.
(2)
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(ii) Calculate the temperature at which ¨G = 0.

(1)
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(c) The sodium hydride is crushed in the presence of water to release the hydrogen
gas for a fuel cell.

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The overall equation for the reaction occurring in the fuel cell is

H2(g) + ½O2(g) o H2O(l)

In an alkaline fuel cell the oxidation half-equation is

H2(g) + 2OH–(aq) o 2H2O(l) + 2e–

Deduce the reduction half-equation for the alkaline fuel cell.

State symbols are not required.
(1)

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(d) Lattice energies provide an indication of ionic bond strength.
Which are the lattice energies of the hydrides NaH, KH and MgH2?
(1)

Lattice energy / kJ mol–1

Sodium hydride, NaH Potassium hydride, KH Magnesium hydride, MgH2
A –804 –711 –1018
B –804 –711 –2718
C –804 –911 –1018
D –804 –911 –2718 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

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 9 This is a question about buffer solutions.

(a) A buffer solution always

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(1)
A keeps the pH less than 7.
B contains equimolar amounts of acid and its conjugate base.
C keeps the pH constant if small quantities of acid or base are added.
D resists changes in pH if small quantities of acid or base are added.

(b) A buffer solution with a pH of 3.90 is required.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of sodium ethanoate that should be added to
50.0 cm3 of an ethanoic acid solution of concentration 0.800 mol dm–3 to form this
buffer solution.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[Ka for ethanoic acid = 1.74 × 10–5 mol dm–3]
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(5)
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 (c) One of the systems controlling the pH of blood is the
carbonic acid-hydrogencarbonate buffer system.

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H2CO3 `
_ H+ + HCO3–

Explain how this buffer system helps to control the pH of blood when extra
carbon dioxide is present due to strenuous exercise.
(3)

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 (d) A weak acid-strong base titration curve can be used to demonstrate buffer action.
(i) Draw a titration curve for the addition of
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100 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution of concentration 0.100 mol dm–3 to

40.0 cm3 of propanoic acid solution of concentration 0.100 mol dm–3
which has a pH of 3.0.
Show the part of the curve that demonstrates buffer action.
(4)

14

pH
7
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0
25 50 75 100
Volume of sodium hydroxide added / cm3

(ii) Describe, without calculation, how you would use your curve to determine
the value of Ka for propanoic acid.
(2)

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(Total for Question 9 = 15 marks)

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10 This question is about equilibrium systems.
(a) Sulfur dioxide and oxygen form an equilibrium with sulfur trioxide.

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` 2SO3(g)
2SO2(g) + O2(g) _

The composition of an equilibrium mixture at 698 K and a total pressure of

2.40 atm is shown in the table.

Substance SO2(g) O2(g) SO3(g)

Number of moles /mol 0.0160 0.0120 0.772

(i) Calculate the value of Kp at this temperature.

Include units, if appropriate.
(5)

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(ii) Calculate the number of sulfur dioxide molecules present in this equilibrium mixture.
(1)

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 (iii) Deduce, by referring to Kp , how the number of sulfur dioxide molecules will
change if more oxygen is added to the equilibrium mixture.
(2)
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(b) An equilibrium exists in aqueous solution between the chromate(VI) ions and the
dichromate(VI) ions.

2CrO42–(aq) + 2H+(aq) `
_ Cr2O72–(aq) + H2O(l)

Explain any change in the position of equilibrium if a few drops of

sodium hydroxide solution are added to this equilibrium system.
(2)

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(c) The equilibrium for the reaction between hydrogen gas and an oxide of iron is

Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) `
_ 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)

The Kc expression for this equilibrium is

(1)
[Fe] × [H2O]
A Kc =
[Fe3O 4 ] × [H2 ]
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[Fe]3 × [H2O]4
B Kc =
[Fe3O 4 ] × [H2 ]4

[H2O]
C Kc =
[H2 ]

[H2O]4
D Kc =
[H2 ]4
(Total for Question 10 = 11 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS

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*P58306A02828*
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