Introduction to Compute Virtualization

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Foreword
 Cloud computing 1.0 focused on virtualization which today has become the
foundation of cloud computing. This chapter focuses on the architecture and
technologies involved in compute virtualization.

Page 2 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will:
 Be able to describe what virtualization is.

 Understand the differences between virtualization and cloud computing.

 Understand KVM technology.

 Understand Huawei’s FusionSphere virtualization solution.

Page 3 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Contents
1. Introduction to Virtualization

2. Introduction to KVM

3. Introduction to FusionCompute

Page 4 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 What’s a Virtual Machine (VM)?

How is a virtual
machine
created?

Page 5 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 What’s Virtualization?

Page 6 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 A Brief History of Compute Virtualization

2007 2014
HP launched HP-UX Rocket was launched.

1964 Integrity VMs. 2010

IBM began to explore By default, RHEL 6.0
virtualization on 2006 supported KVM as the 2013
mainframes. only virtualization option.
Qumranet first Docker was launched.

1972 announced KVM. 2008

IBM launched VMs Linux Container LXC

running on 2002 was launched. 2011

mainframes. Xen was officially IBM, Red Hat, HP, and

1999 open sourced. 2008 Intel formed the Open

Virtualization Alliance to
VMware launched Microsoft added
accelerate KVM adoption.
x86-based Hyper-V in Windows
virtualization products. Server 2008 R2.

Page 7 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Important Concepts in Compute
Virtualization
Guest OS:
Physical Server Virtual Machine
Operating system running in a virtual machine (VM)
Application Application
Guest Machine:

Virtual machine created through virtualization

Host OS Guest OS
Hypervisor:

Guest Machine
Virtualization software layer, or

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

Virtual Machine Host OS:
Monitor (Hypervisor)
Operating system running in a physical machine
Host Machine Host Machine Host Machine:

Physical machine

Page 8 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Types of Compute Virtualization (Hypervisors)

App App

App App App Guest OS Guest OS

Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS VM VM

VM VM VM App VMM

VMM Host OS

Hardware Hardware

Bare-Metal Virtualization Hosted Virtualization

(Type 1) (Type 2)

Page 9 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Characteristics of Virtualization

Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS

Host OS

Partitioned Isolated
Encapsulated Independent
VM VM

Page 10 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 CPU Virtualization
Full virtualization Paravirtualization

Application Application
Ring 3 Ring 3

Ring 2 Ring 2

Paravirtualized
Guest OS
Guest OS
Ring 1 Ring 1

Hypervisor Hypervisor
Ring 0 Ring 0

Hardware Hardware

Page 11 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Memory Virtualization

VM1 VM1 VM1 VM1

VM memory
Host memory

Page 13 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 I/O Virtualization
 Emulation [Full Virtualization]: Complete simulation of the hardware, for example,
keyboard and mouse. Access to such hardware depends on the capture of focus by the
host, and leads to poor performance in some cases.

 Paravirtualization: Access to hardware drivers is transferred from the I/O frontend to the
I/O backend. This mode is usually only used for hard disks and NICs, and delivers high
performance.

 IO-through: Hardware devices capable of I/O passthrough, such as hard disks and NICs,
are directly allocated to VMs. In Xen, Dom0 allocates hardware devices but does not take
part in the access of the hardware. Hardware support is required.

Page 14 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Cloud Computing and Virtualization

Cloud Computing

Page 15 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Mainstream Compute Virtualization Technologies

Compute Virtualization
CPU virtualization, memory virtualization,
I/O virtualization

Open Source Closed Source

KVM Hyper-V

Xen VMware ESXi

Huawei
FusionSphere

Page 16 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Xen vs. KVM

Dom0 DomU DomU DomU Other Guest OS Guest OS

Application

PV
Backends

HW PV PV PV QEMU QEMU
Drivers Frontends Frontends Frontends

KVM
Xen Lunix
HW Drivers

Hardware Hardware

Page 17 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Contents
1. Introduction to Virtualization

2. Introduction to KVM

3. Introduction to FusionCompute

Page 18 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 What’s KVM?

VM VM
Application program A Application program B

Binaries/Libraries Binaries/Libraries
User
Guest OS Guest OS
Space User
ProcessesSpace QEMU QEMU
Processes

User space
Kernel space
KVM
Linux kernel
module

Physical
hardware

Page 19 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 KVM Architecture

Management Tools

Virsh Virt-manager Virt-viewer Virt-install Others

Libvirt

Linux Kernel
(KVM module)

QEMU QEMU

Guest Guest
OS OS

Page 20 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Libvirt

VM VM VM VM
(Guest OS) (Guest OS) (Guest OS) (Guest OS)
Manage-
ment
Hypervisor Hypervisor Tools Hypervisor
Libvirt
Linux host Linux host

Node Node

Page 21 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 KVM I/O Process - Default

Guest OS
4
I/O Shared Page 1 10
QEMU I/O 7
Emulation Code Device Driver

3 8
Notification 2 9

5 I/O Trap Code

KVM Module
Linux Kernel
Device Driver

Physical Hardware

Page 22 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 KVM I/O Process - Virtio

Guest OS
QEMU
1 8
3 2
Virtio Backend Virtio Frontend
Driver vring Driver
6 7

Notification
I/O Trap Code
4
KVM Module
Linux Kernel
Device Driver

Physical Hardware

Page 23 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Contents
1. Introduction to Virtualization

2. Introduction to KVM

3. Introduction to FusionCompute

Page 24 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 FusionCompute Architecture

VRM
Virtual Resource Pools

Cluster

Page 25 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 FusionCompute Advantages
Unified management of Quick VM
virtual and physical provisioning
resources

Physical Physical
resource resource

Physical
resource
Virtual
resource

VRM VRM

Page 26 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Functions of FusionCompute Components
Component Function
CNA provides the following functions:
• Provides virtual computing functions.
CNA
• Manages VMs on compute nodes.
• Manages compute, storage, and network resources on compute nodes.
VRM provides the following functions:
• Manages block storage resources in clusters.
• Manages network resources, such as IP addresses and VLANs in clusters, and assigns IP
addresses to VMs.
• Manages the lifecycle of VMs in clusters, and allocates and migrates VMs across compute
nodes.
VRM
• Dynamically schedules resources in clusters.
• Manages virtual resources and user data in a unified manner and provides elastic
computing, storage, and IP address services.
• Provides a unified Web UI portal, allowing O&M engineers to remotely access the
FusionCompute system to monitor and manage resources, and create and view resource
reports.
Page 27 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019
 Quiz
1. In compute virtualization, which of the following allocates CPU and memory resources to
VMs? ( )

A. Guest OS
B. VMM

C. Hypervisor

D. Host OS

2. All open-source virtualization technologies are type 1 virtualization, while all closed-
source ones are type 2 virtualization.
A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Page 28 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Summary
 This chapter provides basic knowledge about compute virtualization, including CPU,
memory, and I/O virtualization. It introduces you to open-source virtualization technology
by using KVM as an example, and also to commercial virtualization products by using
FusionCompute as an example.

Page 29 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

 Recommendations
 Huawei e-Learning website
 http://support.huawei.com/learning/Index!toTrainIndex

 Huawei Support case library

 http://support.huawei.com/enterprise/servicecenter?lang=en

 HCIA-Cloud Computing v4.0 online forum

 https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/Huawei-Official-Communication-Channel-
HCNA-Cloud-Certification-Course/thread/456287-911

Page 30 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019

Thank You
www.huawei.com