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    Modeling of Over Current Relay Using MATLAB: Power System Protection

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    Hayat Ansari
    The document describes modeling an overcurrent relay using MATLAB Simulink to protect a power system. It involves: 1) Creating a Simulink model of a power system with sources, loads, circuit breakers and faults 2) Implementing an overcurrent relay subsystem that compares phase current RMS values to a reference and trips the circuit breaker if exceeded 3) Using an S-R flip-flop to avoid unwanted opening and closing of the circuit breaker during faults due to current dropping after tripping

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    Modeling of Over Current Relay Using MATLAB: Power System Protection

    Uploaded by

    Hayat Ansari
    89 views7 pages
    The document describes modeling an overcurrent relay using MATLAB Simulink to protect a power system. It involves: 1) Creating a Simulink model of a power system with sources, loads, circuit breakers and faults 2) Implementing an overcurrent relay subsystem that compares phase current RMS values to a reference and trips the circuit breaker if exceeded 3) Using an S-R flip-flop to avoid unwanted opening and closing of the circuit breaker during faults due to current dropping after tripping

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Lab 1

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    The document describes modeling an overcurrent relay using MATLAB Simulink to protect a power system. It involves: 1) Creating a Simulink model of a power system with sources, loads, circuit breakers and faults 2) Implementing an overcurrent relay subsystem that compares phase current RMS values to a reference and trips the circuit breaker if exceeded 3) Using an S-R flip-flop to avoid unwanted opening and closing of the circuit breaker during faults due to current dropping after tripping

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    89 views7 pages

    Modeling of Over Current Relay Using MATLAB: Power System Protection

    Uploaded by

    Hayat Ansari
    The document describes modeling an overcurrent relay using MATLAB Simulink to protect a power system. It involves: 1) Creating a Simulink model of a power system with sources, loads, circuit breakers and faults 2) Implementing an overcurrent relay subsystem that compares phase current RMS values to a reference and trips the circuit breaker if exceeded 3) Using an S-R flip-flop to avoid unwanted opening and closing of the circuit breaker during faults due to current dropping after tripping

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Roll No.

    2009-EE-562 Name: Sarmad Hussain Date: 07-feb-2013

    Power System Protection


    Lab Session 1

    Modeling of Over Current Relay Using MATLAB


    Objectives:
    At the end of this lab session students will be able to

     Use “SimPowerSystems” for modeling the power system.


     Implement “Over Current Relay” by using Matlab Simulink Libraries.
     Set the “Current Setting” of Over Current Relay.
     Learn how to create an electrical subsystem.

    2.0 Introduction
    Utilities are responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity
    to customers. Part of this responsibility is ensuring a safe but yet reliable power supply to
    customers. For the purpose of safety and protecting the transmission and distribution network
    from faults, utilities worldwide have sophisticated protective equipment. Collectively, these
    are known as secondary equipment and include the current transformers (CT), potential
    transformer (PT) and protective relays.

    2.1 Protective Relays


    A protective relay is one which monitors the current, voltage, frequency, or any other
    type of electric power measurement either from a generating source or to a load for the
    purpose of triggering a circuit breaker to open in the event of an abnormal condition. These
    relays are referred to in the electrical power System as protective relays.

    The function of protective relaying is to cause the prompt removal from service of a
    power system when it suffer a short circuit, or when it starts to operate in any abnormal
    manner that might cause damage or otherwise interference with the effect operation of the
    rest of system.

    2.2 Circuit Breakers


    Circuit breakers are generally located so that each generator, transformer, bus,
    transmission line, etc. can be completely disconnected from rest of the system. These circuit
    breakers must have sufficient capacity so that they can carry momentarily the maximum
    short-circuit current that can flow through them, and then interrupt this current.

    2.3 Over Current Relay


    Over current relay is one which monitors the current only and gives trip signal to the
    circuit breaker in faulty (short circuit) condition. In case of short circuit faults, current in the
    system increases from its normal value. This short circuit current can be many times greater
    than the full load current. The magnitude of short circuit current depends upon the fault
    impedance and other parameters of system.

    2.4 Laboratory Task


    Implement over current relay in Matlab Simulink that protect the system in short
    circuit faults. After sensing the fault relay should give a trip signal to the circuit breaker.

    2.5 Procedure
    Step 1: Draw a simple power system having a 3-φ source, three single phase circuit breakers,
    3-φ VI measurement unit, 3-φ RLC series load and block of 3-φ fault to implement different
    types of fault in system. Connect the blocks as shown below.

    Set the parameters of each block as mentioned below. Accept default values for all other
    parameters.
    Total Simulation Time: 0.25 s
    Solver: Ode23tb (stiff/TR-BDF2)
    Note: To select the solver go to menu bar > Simulation > Configuration Parameters OR press
    (Ctrl + E) and select the solver. Also set following solver options.

    Relative tolerance: 1e-3 (default)


    Solver reset Method: Robust
    System Frequency: 50 Hz

    See "Improving Simulation Performance" chapter in SimPowerSystems documentation for


    additional information on how to select an appropriate integration method.

    Page 2 of 7
    Three phase source:
    Voltage (Phase to Phase): 11e3 V
    Internal connection: Y grounded
    Specify impedance using short-circuit level: Select this option
    (This option is selected to specify internal impedance using the inductive short-circuit level
    and X/R ratio.)

    3 phase short circuit level: 500e6 VA

    The three-phase inductive short-circuit power, in volts-amperes (VA), at specified


    base voltage, is used to compute the internal inductive reactance X. This parameter is
    available only if Specify impedance using short circuit level is selected.
    The internal inductance L (in H) can also be computed from the inductive three-phase
    short-circuit power Psc (in VA), base voltage Vbase (in Vrms phase-to-phase), and source
    frequency f (in Hz) as follows:
    2
    ( V base ) 1
    L= ⋅
    P Sc 2 πf

    Base voltage: 11e3 V


    X/R ratio: (keep default value)

    This parameter is available only if Specify impedance using short circuit level is
    selected. The internal resistance R (in Ω) is computed from the source reactance X (in Ω) at
    specified frequency, and X/R ratio as follows:

    X 2 πf
    R= =
    ( X ∕ R) ( X ∕ R)

    Three-Phase Breaker:
    Initial status of breakers: closed
    Enable switching of all Phases
    External control of switching times: Select this option
    Measurements: None
    Breakers resistance Ron: 0.001
    Snubbers resistance Rp: 1e6
    Snubbers capacitance Cp: inf

    Three-Phase V-I Measurement:


    Voltage measurement: phase-to-phase
    Current measurement: Yes
    (Uncheck labels and per-unit measurements)

    Three-Phase Series RLC Load:


    Configuration: Y grounded
    Nominal voltage: 11e3 V
    Active Power (MW): 200e6 W
    Inductive reactive power: 100 VAR
    Capacitive reactive Power: 0 VAR

    Page 3 of 7
    Three Phase Fault:
    Ground fault: Select this option
    External control of fault timing: Select this option
    Initial status of fault: [0 0 0]

    Step Sources:
    There are two step sources used in this model to control circuit breaker and fault
    blocks. There step time and initial value are set in such a way that “breaker” remains close up
    to 0.1s and “fault” does not occur during simulation time. As simulation time is 0.25s and
    step-time of “Fault Control (Step source)” is 1s. It means the output of this step source will
    remain “0” during simulation time.

    Step:
    Step time: 0.1
    Initial value 1
    Final value 0

    Fault Control:
    Step time: 1
    Initial value 0
    Final value 1

    Run the simulation and observe the current and voltage wave form on Scope. Find the
    peak value of current and voltage in each phase when the circuit breakers are close and note
    in the space given below.

    Observations:
    Ia = 13116.23 angle -20.700 Ib = 13116.23 angle -140.700 Ic = 13116.23 angle 99.300

    Va = 13744.37 angle 9.30 Vb = 13744.37 angle -110.70 Vc = 129.300

    Connect the RMS block in each phase of output current and find rms value of current
    in each phase.
    Different RMS bocks are available in Matlab Simulink libraries. Select appropriate
    RMS block that has constant output.
    Ia = 9274.58 angle -20.700 Ib = 9274.58 angle -140.70 Ic = 9274.58 angle 99.30

    Graph:

    Page 4 of 7
    Voltage:
    Current:

    Step 2: The rms value observed in Step 1 is rated load current of the system. System can be
    overloaded up to 40%. So over current relay must not consider this over loaded condition as
    faulty condition. But as soon as current exceed this over load current value over current relay
    must trip the circuit breakers.
    To model this condition in Simulink compare the rms value of currents with constant.
    The value of constant will be 1.4 times of rms value of rated load current.
    Insert a subsystem in the model. Rename this subsystem as “Over Current Relay”.
    Open this Over Current Relay (Subsystem). By default it has one input and one output port
    that is directly connected with each other. Add another input port and rename all the I/O ports
    as shown.

    Add different block in this subsystem and connect with each other as shown in figure.

    Page 5 of 7
    In above figure of “over current relay” RMS value of current is compared with a
    reference value. If the current is greater than the reference value then it is faulty condition
    and the output of “Relational operator” will be logic ‘1’. Logical inverse of this output can be
    fed directly to the control input of the circuit breaker. But there is a problem with this
    implementation.

    In case of fault RMS value of current will be greater than the “reference” value and
    the output of relational operator will open the circuit breaker. As soon as circuit breaker will
    open the current in the system will decrease to zero and RMS value of current will become
    less than the reference value. Again this is a condition of normal operation so the output of
    relational operator will change and it will close the circuit breaker. As fault exists in the
    system again relay will give a trip signal to the breaker. This opening and closing of circuit
    breaker will go on, that is not required.

    To avoid this S-R Flip-Flop is used between breaker and relational operator. These
    flip-flops will retain the state. Initial condition (state of Q) is set to ‘0’, so ‘!Q’ will be ‘1’.
    See truth table and further detail about the operation of flip-flop in Matlab “Help”.

    Mismatch data-type:
    The default data-type of output of relational operators, flip-flops and logic operators is
    “boolean”. To connect the blocks with each other the output data-type of first block must be
    consistent with the input data-type of second block.

    Input data-type of breaker is ‘double’ and in this system breaker is connected at the
    output of logic AND gate. So to avoid this data-type mismatch the output data-type of logic
    AND gate must be ‘double’. This can be done either by connecting “data-type conversion”
    block at the output of Logic AND gate or by setting the output data-type of logic AND gate
    (‘double’). For further detail see the help of “Logic operator”.

    Page 6 of 7
    Now connect the relay in the system as shown in the following figure. Set the “Step-
    Time” 0.1s of fault control (step source). By setting this timing fault will occur at 0.1s.

    Check the output of “Over Current Relay” in following fault conditions.

    1) Single Line to Ground fault


    2) Double Line to Ground fault
    3) 3-φ Grounded fault

    Obtained Marks /Sign: ___________________

    Page 7 of 7

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