Lab Session 7: Load Flow Analysis Ofa Power System Using Gauss Seidel Method in Matlab

Lab Session 7
Load Flow Analysis ofA Power System Using Gauss Seidel Method In MATLAB
Development of a MATLAB program to solve power flow problems using Gauss Seidel method.
The reactive power Q constraint on generator 2 is 0 ≤ Q 2 ≤ 600MVAR. Calculate voltage at bus

3. Determine the line flows and line losses and the slack bus real and reactive power. Line
admittances are marked in per unit on a 100 MVA base. Use an accuracy factor of 0.000001.
Your report should consist of:
1. Brief introductory comments on your solution.

2. A flow chart or other program description.
3. A description on any special features.
4. A description of the output.
Construct a power flow diagram and show direction of the line flows.
Now consider an acceleration factor α = 1.6 and repeat the above problem.
Compare the two methods on basis of no. of iterations required.

Description:
Voltage controlled bus also has a type in which some constraints can be given as is given in this
problem i.e.
0 ≤ Q2 ≤ 600
After calculations, if Q2 violates this limit, this means that voltage at bus 2 is either too high or
too low. The limit of maximum reactive power is due to the capacity of generator. If reactive
power is high, the field circuit of generator gets damaged. If reactive power is less than the given
minimum value, it means that the generator is not supplying enough reactive power to provide
required real power at given voltage. If any of this condition is violated, the bus is treated as load
bus or P-Q bus.
MATLAB Code:
Before using acceleration factor:

functionloadflow(nbranch,ref)
clc
if ref==0||ref==1
if ref==1
nbref=input('no of branches connected to the reference = ');
disp('enter line data')
for p=1:nbref
disp('from refernce bus :')
tb=input('to bus no. :');
tb=tb+1;
r=input('resistance of line =');
x=input('reactance of line =');
z = r + i*x;
y = 1./z;
Ldata(p,:)=[1 tb r x y];
end
else
nbref=0;
end
for p=1+nbref:nbranch
fb=input('from bus no. :');
tb=input('to bus no. :');
r=input('resistance of line =');
x=input('reactance of line =');
if ref==1
fb=fb+1;
tb=tb+1;
end
z = r + i*x;
y = 1./z;
Ldata(p,:)=[fbtb r x y];
end
fb = Ldata(:,1);
tb = Ldata(:,2);
r = Ldata(:,3);
x = Ldata(:,4);
y = Ldata(:,5);
nbus = max(max(fb),max(tb));
Y = zeros(nbus,nbus);
for k=1:nbranch
Y(fb(k),tb(k)) = Y(fb(k),tb(k))-y(k);
Y(tb(k),fb(k)) = Y(fb(k),tb(k));
end
for m =1:nbus
for n =1:nbranch
iffb(n) == m
Y(m,m) = Y(m,m) + y(n);
elseiftb(n) == m
Y(m,m) = Y(m,m) + y(n);
end
end
end
if ref==1
Y(1,:)=[];
Y(:,1)=[];
end
else
display('reference nodes cannot be more than 1')

end
iter=0;
V1=1;
V2o=1.05;
V3o=1;
P2=4;
while(1)
Q2o=-imag(conj(V2o)*(V1*Y(2,1)+V2o*Y(2,2)+V3o*Y(2,3)))
if Q2o<0
Q2=0
V2o=1;
V2n=(1/Y(2,2))*(((P2-Q2*i)/conj(V2o))-V1*Y(2,1)-V3o*Y(2,3));
V2n_mag=sqrt(real(V2n)*real(V2n)+imag(V2n)*imag(V2n));
V2n_angle=atan(imag(V2n)/real(V2n));
elseif
Q2o>6
Q2=6
V2o=1;
V2n=(1/Y(2,2))*(((P2-Q2*i)/conj(V2o))-V1*Y(2,1)-V3o*Y(2,3));
else
V2n=(1/Y(2,2))*(((P2-Q2o*i)/conj(V2o))-V1*Y(2,1)-V3o*Y(2,3));
V2n=1.05*cos(V2n_angle)+1.05*sin(V2n_angle)*i;
end
end
V3n=(1/Y(3,3))*(((-5+4i)/conj(V3o))-V1*Y(3,1)-V2n*Y(3,2));
iter=iter+1;
if (abs(V3n-V3o)<0.000001)
break;
elseif Q2o>=0&&Q2o<=6
V2o=V2n;
else
V2o=1.05*cos(V2n_angle)+1.05*sin(V2n_angle)*i;
end
V3o=V3n;
end
end
no_of_iterations=iter
V2=V2n
V3=V3n
S1=conj(V1)*(V1*Y(1,1)+V2*Y(1,2)+V3*Y(1,3))*100
I12=(V1-V2)*(-40*i);
I21=-I12;
I13=(V1-V3)/(-20*i);
I31=-I13;
I23=(V2-V3)/(-20*i);
I32=-I23;
S12=V1*conj(I12)*100
S21=V2*conj(I21)*100
S13=V1*conj(I13)*100
S31=V3*conj(I31)*100
S23=V2*conj(I23)*100
S32=V3*conj(I32)*100
Ploss12=abs(abs(real(S12))-abs(real(S21)))
Qloss12=abs(abs(imag(S12))-abs(imag(S21)))
MATLAB Results:
s
w
Flo
e
Lin
Flow Chart:
Conclusion:
The main purpose of the Acceleration Factor is to speed up convergence. The proper choice of
acceleration factor reduces the number of iterations. But the improper selection can even lead the
solution to diverge instead of converging. This method is known as Accelerated Gauss Seidel
Method.

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What is the problem being solved in the MATLAB code?

What constraints are placed on generator 2?

Lab Session 7

The reactive power Q constraint on generator 2 is 0 ≤ Q 2 ≤ 600MVAR. Calculate voltage at bus

Your report should consist of:

1. Brief introductory comments on your solution.

Compare the two methods on basis of no. of iterations required.

Before using acceleration factor:

display('reference nodes cannot be more than 1')

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