Acidimetric Analysis Model 1: Acidimetry: Prepared By: ENGR. RENA P. MORA 1
Acidimetric Analysis Model 1: Acidimetry: Prepared By: ENGR. RENA P. MORA 1
Acidimetric Analysis Model 1: Acidimetry: Prepared By: ENGR. RENA P. MORA 1
MORA 1
Acidimetric Analysis
Acidimetric Analysis
Model 1: Acidimetry
Acidimetry, the direct or residual titrimetric analysis of bases using an accurately measured volume of acid, is supplied in the
analytical control of a considerable number of official substances, both inorganic and organic.
Direct titration is conducted by introducing a standard acid solution gradually from a buret into a solution of the base being assayed
until chemically equivalent amounts of each have reacted as shown by some change in properties of the mixture. Such an end point, which
must be close to the stoichiometric point, is made evident by a change in the color of some indicator or by potentiometric means.
Residual titration is used whenever the end point of a direct titration deviates appreciably from the stoichiometric points for some
reason; e.g. when the basic sample is insoluble in water and the rate of its reaction with the standard acid is relatively low. In such a
procedure, the basic sample is treated with an amount of standard acid known to be in excess of a chemically equivalent amount, and the
excess acid is subsequently titrated with a standard base. The amount of the standard acid which is chemically equivalent to the basic
sample can be calculated simply by subtracting, from the total amount of standard acid employed, the amount of acid neutralized by the
standard base in the back titration.
Model 3: Determination of Total Alkalinity and Sodium Carbonate Content of Sodium Hydroxide
Prepared by: ENGR. RENA P. MORA 2
Acidimetric Analysis
Model 4: Determination of Alkali Salt of Water-insoluble Organic Acid using Ether Extraction
Residual titration or back titration is frequently used when a reaction proceeds slowly or when the substance to be assayed does
not give a distinct, sharp end point with an indicator by direct titration. Residual titration is carried out by dissolving the substance under
examination in an accurately measured quantity of standard solution known to be in excess and titrating the excess of the latter with another
standard solution.
• Assay of Zinc Oxide
o Standard solutions – Sulfuric acid and Sodium hydroxide
o Indicator – Methyl orange
o Each milliliter of 1 N sulfuric acid is equivalent to 40.69 mg of ZnO
o Formula for the percentage of zinc and the percentage of zinc oxide in the sample:
Prepared by: ENGR. RENA P. MORA 3
Acidimetric Analysis
• Method I is a macromethod in which the ammonia is distilled into excess boric acid solution.
• Method II is a semimicromethod in which smaller samples are employed using a semimicro Kjeldahl apparatus.
• A special residual method in acidimetry intended for the determination of nitrogen content in organic compounds.
• Kjeldahl method of analysis was developed in 1883 and remains as one of the accurate and widely used method for
determining nitrogen in substances.
• The time for required for the digestion of the sample with concentrated sulfuric acid can be reduced by adding potassium
sulfate or anhydrous sodium sulfate in a sufficient amount so that the molal ratio of H 2SO4 to K2SO4 is 1.5, thereby raising
considerably the temperature at which the digestion is carried out (Gunning modification). The time required for the digestion
can also be reduced by addition of catalysts such as copper sulfate or selenium.
Prepared by: ENGR. RENA P. MORA 4
Acidimetric Analysis