This document outlines allowable tolerances for pressure vessels, including:
1) The mean external diameter can deviate up to 1.5% from design drawings and out of roundness cannot exceed 1.5% of diameter or 1250-D/200 mm.
2) Straightness cannot deviate more than 0.5% of total length and profile irregularities are limited to 2-2.5% of gauge length or 1 m maximum.
3) Dished ends must meet tolerances for dimensions like crown radius, thickness, and deviation from cylindrical shape.
4) Assembly tolerances specify limits for alignment of plates and gaps between components.
5) Overall length must conform
This document outlines allowable tolerances for pressure vessels, including:
1) The mean external diameter can deviate up to 1.5% from design drawings and out of roundness cannot exceed 1.5% of diameter or 1250-D/200 mm.
2) Straightness cannot deviate more than 0.5% of total length and profile irregularities are limited to 2-2.5% of gauge length or 1 m maximum.
3) Dished ends must meet tolerances for dimensions like crown radius, thickness, and deviation from cylindrical shape.
4) Assembly tolerances specify limits for alignment of plates and gaps between components.
5) Overall length must conform
This document outlines allowable tolerances for pressure vessels, including:
1) The mean external diameter can deviate up to 1.5% from design drawings and out of roundness cannot exceed 1.5% of diameter or 1250-D/200 mm.
2) Straightness cannot deviate more than 0.5% of total length and profile irregularities are limited to 2-2.5% of gauge length or 1 m maximum.
3) Dished ends must meet tolerances for dimensions like crown radius, thickness, and deviation from cylindrical shape.
4) Assembly tolerances specify limits for alignment of plates and gaps between components.
5) Overall length must conform
This document outlines allowable tolerances for pressure vessels, including:
1) The mean external diameter can deviate up to 1.5% from design drawings and out of roundness cannot exceed 1.5% of diameter or 1250-D/200 mm.
2) Straightness cannot deviate more than 0.5% of total length and profile irregularities are limited to 2-2.5% of gauge length or 1 m maximum.
3) Dished ends must meet tolerances for dimensions like crown radius, thickness, and deviation from cylindrical shape.
4) Assembly tolerances specify limits for alignment of plates and gaps between components.
5) Overall length must conform
The mean external diameter derived from the circumference shall not deviate by more than 1,5 % from the external diameter shown on the manufacturer's design drawing. F.1.2 Out of roundness
Out of roundness, O, the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum diameter and the mean diameter as defined by Formula (F.1).
O
2 Dmax Dmin (F.1) Dmax Dmin Out of roundness, O, shall not exceed 1,5 % of the specified external diameter, with a maximum (in millimetres) of Formula (F.2): D 1 250 O (F.2) 200
where D is the mean external diameter, in mm; Dmax is the measured maximum diameter, in mm; Dmin is the measured minimum diameter, in mm; O is the out of roundness ratio. These tolerances shall apply to the shell, including the straight flange length on the dished ends. At nozzle positions, a greater out of roundness may be permitted if justified by calculation or strain gauge measurement. Single dents or knuckles shall be within tolerance. Dents (if present) shall be smooth and their depth (i.e. the deviation from the surface of the shell) shall not exceed 1 % of their length or 2 % of their width. Greater dents and knuckles are permissible if they are proven acceptable by calculation or strain gauge measurements. Maximum stresses local to these deviations shall be in accordance with the calculation method, e.g. EN 13445-3. The cylindrical shell tolerance on pressure vessels designed for vacuum conditions, where the thickness of the pressure vessel is governed by the vacuum criterion, shall be circular to within 0,5 % of radius (i.e. 0,005R) measured from the true centre. F.1.3 Deviation of straightness
The deviation from straightness shall not exceed 0,5 % of the total length of the pressure vessel. F.1.4 Irregularities in profile
Irregularities in profile shall not exceed the following:
49 BS EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 (E)
a) 2 % of the gauge length (checked by a 20° gauge); or
b) 2,5 % of the gauge length (checked by a 20° gauge) where the length of the irregularities does not exceed one quarter of the tangential length of the shell strake part between two circumferential seams, with a maximum of 1,0 m; or
c) if either of the above are exceeded, proof by calculation or strain gauge measurement shall be required to show that the stresses are permissible.
If irregularity in the profile occurs at the welded seam and is associated with “flats” adjacent to the weld, the irregularity in profile or “peaking” shall not exceed e/3 (see Figure F.1), where e is the wall thickness. NOTE A conservative method of measurement (covering peaking and ovality) is given in Annex H.
Other types of gauges (e.g. bridge gauges, needle gauges) may be acceptable for measurements.
F.2Dished end tolerance
F.2.1 Thickness of material
The thickness of the material after forming shall at no point be less than the thickness determined in accordance with Annex D. F.2.2 Profile
Dished ends shall be within the tolerances specified in Table F.1. The crown radius shall be not greater than the value specified in the design, and the knuckle radius shall be not less than the value specified in the design.
50 BS EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 (E)
Key R crown radius r knuckle radius H dish height h straight flange e wall thickness D external diameter C ȋɎD) O out of roundness (see F.1) Ƚi deviation of the bore from cylindrical shape: inner side Ƚo deviation of the bore from cylindrical shape: outer side
Figure F.1 — Example of a dished end profile
Table F.1 — Dished end tolerances
Feature Tolerance of the Notes
feature D = 1 000 mm ± 0,4 % Special manufacturing conditions may require C D > 1 000 mm ± 0,3 % smaller tolerances.
O 1 % of D Special manufacturing conditions may require
smaller tolerances. H + 0,015D or 10 mm The tolerance shall not fall below zero. whichever is the greater e = 10 mm - 0,3 mm The actual wall thickness shall not fall below the e > 10 mm - 0,5 mm minimum value calculated in Annex D.
Ƚi 2° For dished ends where the outer side angle is
influenced by an upsetting due to the forming Ƚo 5° process, the deviation of the straight flange from the cylindrical shape shall be measured only on the inside of the dished end.
51 BS EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 (E)
F.3Assembly tolerances F.3.1 Middle line alignment
F.3.1.1 For longitudinal joints in the cylindrical shells, the middle lines of adjacent plates shall be aligned within the following tolerances:
— 1 mm for plate thickness e up to and including 10 mm;
— 10 % of thickness for plate thickness e above 10 mm.
F.3.1.2 For circumferential joints, the middle lines of adjacent plates shall be in alignment with the following tolerances:
— 1 mm for plate thickness e up to and including 10 mm; and
— the sum of 10 % of the thinner part and 1 mm for plate thickness e above 10 mm.
F.3.2 Surface alignment
The misalignment at the surface of the plates for plate thickness e shall either be as specified in a) and b), or if this misalignment is exceeded, the surface shall be tapered with a slope of 1:4 over a width that includes the width of the weld, with the lower surfaces built up with added weld metal, if required, to provide the required taper. Trimming of plate surfaces shall not be permitted if this reduces the thickness below the required minimum. a) For longitudinal joints in shells the surfaces of adjacent plates shall be aligned within the following tolerances:
— e/4 for thickness e up to and including 12 mm;
— 3 mm for plate thickness e over 12 mm.
b) For circumferential joints the surface of adjacent plates shall be aligned within the following tolerances:
— e/4 for plate thickness e up to and including 20 mm;
— 5 mm for plate thickness e over 20 mm.
F.4Attachments, nozzles and fittings
Pads, doubler plates, lugs, brackets, supports, and other attachments shall fit closely to the shell. The gap at all exposed edges to be welded shall not exceed 2 mm. Except where specific dimensions are shown on the fully dimensioned drawing, the maximum gap between the outside of any branch or shell and the inside edge of the hole in the shell, flange, reinforcing ring, or backing ring shall not exceed 1,5 mm for openings up to 300 mm in diameter and 3 mm for openings over 300 mm. To achieve this gap it may be permissible to machine over a sufficient length of the outside diameter of the pressure vessel or nozzle to accommodate the attachment to be welded. The machined length shall not extend beyond the toes or edges of the attachment welds, and shall not reduce the nozzle wall thickness to a value less than the design thickness.
52 BS EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 EN 12493:2013+A2:2018 (E)
F.5Overall length The length of the finished pressure vessel shall conform to the nominal length shown on the manufacturing drawing (see 8.1).
