CHAPTER IV

HOSPITAL DEPARTMENTS

Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments they have. Hospitals
may have acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma center, burn unit, surgery,
or urgent care. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as cardiology or coronary care
unit, intensive care unit, neurology, cancer center, and obstetrics and gynecology.

Some hospitals will also have outpatient departments and whilst others may have chronic treatment units
such as behavioral health services, dentistry, dermatology, psychiatric ward, rehabilitation services
(Rehab), and physical therapy.

Common hospital support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, and on the
non-medical side, there often are medical records departments and/or a release of information department.
Nursing services are considered one of the most important aspects in the process of distinguished medical
care.

 Hospital Departments:

1. Accident and emergency (A&E): Also called Casualty Department, where you're likely
to be taken if you have arrived in an ambulance or emergency situation.

2. Admissions: At the Admitting Department, the patient will be required to provide

personal information and sign consent forms before being taken to the hospital unit or
ward. If the individual is critically ill, then, this information is usually obtained from a
family member.

3. Anesthetics: Doctors in this department give anesthetic for operations and procedures.
An anesthetic is a drug or agent that produces a complete or partial loss of feeling.
There are three kinds of anesthetic: general, regional and local.

4. Breast Screening: Screens women for breast cancer and is usually linked to the X-ray or
radiology department.

5. Burn Center (Burn Unit or Burns Unit): A hospital specializing in the treatment of
burns. Burn centers are often used for the treatment and recovery of patients with more
 severe burns.

6. Cardiology: Provides medical care to patients who have problems with their heart or
circulation.

7. Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD): (Sterile Processing Department (SPD) -

Sterile Processing - Central Supply Department (CSD) - Central Supply) - A place in
hospitals and other health care facilities that performs sterilization and other actions on
medical equipment, devices, and consumables.

8. Chaplaincy: Chaplains promote the spiritual and pastoral wellbeing of patients, relatives
and staff.

9. Coronary Care Unit (CCU): (Cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) - A hospital ward
specialized in the care of patients with heart attacks, unstable angina, cardiac
dysrhythmia and other cardiac conditions that require continuous monitoring and
treatment.

10. Critical Care: Also called intensive care, this department is for seriously ill patients.

11. Diagnostic Imaging: Also known as X-Ray Department and/or Radiology Department.

12. Discharge Lounge: Patients who don't need to stay in a ward are transferred to the
lounge on the day of discharge. Many hospitals now have discharge lounges with
facilities such as TV's, radio, puzzles, magazines, books and newspapers.

13. Elderly services: Covers and assists with a wide range of issues associated with seniors.

14. Finance Department: Performs all works related to budget and ideal use of the items of
such budget. Also, it prepares payrolls and monthly wages, and concludes contracts of
operation and maintenance and purchases. In addition, it makes available all amounts of
money required for procurement of all materials and equipment.
15. Gastroenterology: This department investigates and treats digestive and upper and lower
gastrointestinal diseases.

16. General Services: Support Services include services provided by Departments such as
Portering, Catering, Housekeeping, Security, Health & Safety, Switch, Laundry and the
management of facilities such as parking, baby tagging, access control, CCTV etc.

17. General Surgery: Covers a wide range of types of surgery and procedures on patients.

18. Gynecology: Investigates and treats problems relating to the female urinary tract and
reproductive organs, such as Endometriosis, infertility and incontinence.

19. Haematology: These hospital services work with the laboratory. In addition doctors
treat blood diseases and malignancies related to the blood.

20. Health & Safety: The role of the occupational health and safety department is to
promote and maintain the highest possible degree of health and safety for all employees,
physicians, volunteers, students and contractors, and actively participates in quality,
safety and risk initiatives. Numerous health and safety issues associated with healthcare
facilities include blood-borne pathogens and biological hazards, potential chemical and
drug exposures, waste anesthetic gas exposures, respiratory hazards, ergonomic hazards
from lifting and repetitive tasks, laser hazards, hazards associated with laboratories, and
radioactive material and x-ray hazards. In addition to the medical staff, large healthcare
facilities employ a wide variety of trades that have health and safety hazards associated
with them. These include mechanical maintenance, medical equipment maintenance,
housekeeping, food service, building and grounds maintenance, laundry, and
administrative staff.

21. Intensive Care Unit (ICU): (Intensive Therapy Unit, Intensive Treatment Unit (ITU),
Critical Care Unit (CCU) - A special department of a hospital or health care facility that
provides intensive treatment medicine and caters to patients with severe and life-
threatening illnesses and injuries, which require constant, close monitoring and support
from specialist equipment and medications.

22. Human Resources: Role is to provide a professional, efficient and customer focused
service to managers and staff and in turn facilitate the delivery of a professional,
efficient and customer focused service to patients.
23. Infection Control: Primarily responsible for conducting surveillance of hospital-
acquired infections and investigating and controlling outbreaks or infection clusters
among patients and health care personnel. The department calculates rates of hospital-
acquired infections, collates antibiotic susceptibility data, performs analysis of
aggregated infection data and provides comparative data to national benchmarks over
time.

24. Information Management: Meaningful information can be used in quality management,

continuous quality improvement and peer review. By improving the quality of
information, core data can be provided for randomized clinical trials, outcomes research
and many studies.

25. Maternity: Maternity wards provide antenatal care, delivery of babies and care during
childbirth, and postnatal support.

26. Medical Records: Includes a variety of types of "notes" entered over time by health care
professionals, recording observations and administration of drugs and therapies, orders
for the administration of drugs and therapies, test results, x-rays, reports, etc.

27. Microbiology: The microbiology department provides an extensive clinical service,

including mycology, parasitology, mycobacteriology, a high security pathology unit,
and a healthcare associated infection investigation unit, as well as routine bacteriology
and an expanding molecular diagnostic repertoire.

28. Neonatal: Closely linked with the hospital maternity department, provides care and
support for babies and their families.

29. Nephrology: Monitors and assesses patients with various kidney (renal) problems and
conditions.

30. Neurology: A medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease
involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their
coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Includes the brain,
spinal cord, and spinal cord injuries (SCI).
31. Nutrition and Dietetics: Dietitians and nutritionists provide specialist advice on diet for
hospital wards and outpatient clinics.

32. Obstetrics/Gynecology: Specialist nurses, midwives and imaging technicians provide

maternity services such as: antenatal and postnatal care, maternal and foetal
surveillance, and prenatal diagnosis.

33. Occupational Therapy: Helps physically or mentally impaired people, including

temporary disability, practices in the fields of both healthcare as well as social care.
Often abbreviated as "OT", Occupational Therapy promotes health by enabling people
to perform meaningful and purposeful occupations. These include (but are not limited
to) work, leisure, self care, domestic and community activities. Occupational therapists
work with individuals, families, groups and communities to facilitate health and well-
being through engagement or re-engagement in occupation.

34. Oncology: A branch of medicine that deals with cancer and tumors. A medical
professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The Oncology department
provides treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, for cancerous tumors
and blood disorders.

35. Ophthalmology: Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine which deals with the diseases
and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eye, hairs, and areas surrounding the
eye, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids. The term ophthalmologist is an eye
specialist for medical and surgical problems. The Ophthalmology department provides a
range of ophthalmic eye related services for both in and outpatients.

36. Orthopaedics: Treats conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, including joints,
ligaments, bones, muscles, tendons and nerves.

37. Otolaryngology (Ear, Nose, and Throat): The ENT Department provide comprehensive
and specialized care covering both Medical and Surgical conditions related not just
specifically to the Ear, Nose and Throat, but also other areas within the Head and Neck
region. It is often divided into sub-specialties dealing with only one part of the
traditional specialty (ontology, rhinology and laryngology).

38. Pain Management: Helps treat patients with severe long-term pain. Alternative pain
relief treatments such as acupuncture, nerve blocks and drug treatment, are also catered
 for.

39. Patient Accounts: The Patient Accounts Department answers all billing questions and
concerns, requests for itemized bills, and account balance inquiries. The patient
accounts department also assists patients in their insurance benefits for services
rendered.

40. Patient Services: The Patient Services Manager is a source of information and can
channel patient queries in relation to hospital services to the appropriate departments.

41. Pharmacy: Responsible for drugs in a hospital, including purchasing, supply and
distribution.

42. Physiotherapy: Physiotherapists work through physical therapies such as exercise,

massage, and manipulation of bones, joints and muscle tissues.

43. Purchasing & Supplies: Purchasing & Supplies Department is responsible for the
procurement function of the hospital.

44. Radiology: The branch or specialty of medicine that deals with the study and
application of imaging technology like x-ray and radiation to diagnosing and treating
disease. The Department of Radiology is a highly specialized, full-service department
which strives to meet all patient and clinician needs in diagnostic imaging and image-
guided therapies.

45. Radiotherapy: Also called radiation therapy, is the treatment of cancer and other
diseases with ionizing radiation.

46. Renal: Provides facilities for peritoneal dialysis and helps facilitate home Hemodialysis.

47. Rheumatology: Rheumatologists care for and treat patients for musculoskeletal
disorders such as: bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves.
 48. Sexual Health: Also known as genitourinary medicine - Provides advice, testing and
treatment for sexually transmitted infections, family planning care, pregnancy testing
and advice, care and support for sexual and genital problems.

49. Social Work: Clinical social workers help patients and their families deal with the broad
range of psychosocial issues and stresses related to coping with illness and maintaining
health. Social workers, resource specialists and advocates form a network that addresses
the challenges families face, increases accessibility to health care and other human
services, and serves as a bridge between the hospital setting and a patient's family life,
home and community.

50. Urology: The urology department is run by consultant urology surgeons and
investigates areas linked to kidney and bladder conditions.

GRAMMAR INSERT : AGREEMENT /CONCORD

Agreement/Concord adalah kesesuaian antara penyusun-penyusun suatu kalimat berdasarkan aturan

kebahasaan tertentu. Misalnya, didalam bahasa Inggris, bentuk kata kerja (dalam pola present tense) akan
berbeda antara subject orang pertama tunggal dan orang ketiga tunggal. Penggunaan concord dalam
bahasa inggris :

A. Subject-Verb Agreement (Kesesuaian antara Subjek dan kata kerja ( verb))

1. Didalam bahasa Inggris, terdapat aturan tertentu tentang kesesuaian antara subjek dan kata kerja
dalam suatu kalimat. Jika subjek dalam bentuk tunggal maka kata kerja yang digunakan juga harus
disesuaikan, begitu pula jika subjek dalam suatu kalimat berbentuk jamak.

Contoh :

Incorrect : His knowledge of languages and International relations aid him in his work

Correct : His knowledge of languages and international relations aids him in his work

Incorrect : Nato were going to hospital by himself yesterday

 Correct : Nato was going to hospital by himself yesterday

Incorrect : My mother cook delicious fish

Correct : My mother cooks delicious fish

Incorrect : Since the shipment of supplies for our experiments were delayed, we will have to
reschedule our work

Correct : Since the shipment of supplies for our experiments was delayed, we will have to
reschedule our work

Incorrect : The production of different kinds of artificial materials are essential to the
conservation of our natural resources

Correct : The production of different kinds of artificial materials is essential to the

conservation of our natural resources

Task 1

Part A : Choose the correct answer.

Groups of tissues, each with its own function,make up the organs In the human body

A. It makes up the organs

B. Make up the organs
C. They make up the organs
D. Makes up the organs

Part B : Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.

The Zoning Improvement Plan, better known as zip codes, enable postal clerks to speed the
A B C
routing of an ever-increasing volume of mail.

2. Jika dalam suatu kalimat terdapat dua subjek yang dihubungkan dengan penghubung “either …or”,
“neither …. Nor…”, dan “not only …but also ….” Maka kata kerja yang digunakan harus
menyesuaikan dengan subjek terakhir (yang paling dekat dengan kata kerja)
 Contoh :

Incorrect : Either my brother or my sister love watching action movies

Correct : Either my brother or my sister loves watching action movies
Incorrect : Not only sister but also my parents is here
Correct : Not only sister but also my parents are here
Incorrect : Neither my mother nor my sister are here
Correct : Neither my mother nor my sister is here
Incorrect : Not only the teacher but also the student are here
Correct : Not only the teacher but also the student is here
Incorrect : Neither my sister nor my friends likes watching movie
Correct : Neither my sister nor my friends like watching movie.

Task 2 : Error analysis : paired conjunctions. Directions: what is wrong with these sentences?
1. Either Jhon will call Mary or Bob

Correct : either Jhon will calls Mary or Bob

2. Not only sue saw the mouse but also the cat

Correct : Not only sue saw the mouse but also the cats

3. Either Mr. Anderson or Ms. Wiggins are going to teach our class today

Correct : Either Mr. Anderson or Ms. Wiggins is going to teach our class today

4. I enjoy not only reading novels but also magazines

Correct : I enjoy not only reading novel but also magazine
5. Yes, either Omar or Rosa have my book.
Correct : Yes, either Omar or Rosa have my books

3. Jika indefinite subject (kata ganti tak tentu) digunakan dalam suatu kalimat, maka kata kerja yang
digunakan adalah kata kerja bentuk tunggal
Beberapa bentuk indefinite subject

1. Anybody 8. Neither
2. Anyone 9. Everyone
3. Anything 10. Everybody
4. Each 11. Everything
5. Either 12. Nobody
6. no one 13. somebody
7. nothing 14. someone
The following subjects require either a singular or plural verb depending on a qualifying phrase or
context from the sentences:

1. all
2. any
3. some
4. the rest
Avoid using plural verb with singular subject, and singular verbs with plural subjects.

Contoh :

Incorrect : Everyone who major in architecture and fine arts study History of Art 450
Correct : Everyone who major in architecture and fine arts studies History of Art 450
Incorrect : Either of these buses go past the University.
Correct : Either of these buses goes past the University.
Incorrect : Anyone who wish to participate in the state lottery may do so by purchasing a ticket at
a store that displays the official lottery seal
Correct : Anyone who wishes to participate in the state lottery may do so by purchasing a ticket
at a store that displays the official lottery seal
Incorrect : No one know where she is living right now
Correct : No one knows where she is living right now
Incorrect : Anything happen for a reason
Correct : Anything happens for a reason

Task 3 .
 Part A : Choose the correct answer.

Each of the radioisotopes produced artificially ………… its own distinct structure

A. have
B. has
C. having
D. have had

Part B : Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.

Everyone who has traveled across the United States by car, train, or bus are surprised to see
A B C
such a large expanse of territory with such variation among the lifestyles of the people
D
4. Jika kata benda dilekati oleh every atau each dan menjadi subject dari kalimat maka bentuk kata
kerja yang digunakan adalah bentuk tunggal. Sedangkan dua kata benda atau lebih dihubungkan
dengan “and” menggunakan kata kerja jamak (plural verb)

Contoh :

Incorrect : Every student in this class intend to go to the music concert tomorrow
Correct : Every student in this class intends to go to the music concert tomorrow
Incorrect : Each employee want to have high salary
Correct : Each employee wants to have high salary
Incorrect : Every man, woman, and child need love.
Correct : Every man, woman, and child needs love.
Incorrect : Each book and magazine are listed in the card catalog.
Correct : Each book and magazine is listed in the card catalog.
Incorrect : My brother and sister lives in Boston.
Correct : My brother and sister live in Boston.

Task 4 . Choose the correct answer in the parentheses

1. Each girl and boy in the sixth-grade class (has, have) to do a science project
2. The extent of Jane’s knowledge on various complex subjects (astounds, astound) me
3. Lettuce (is,are) good for you
4. Oranges, tomatoes, fresh strawberries, cabbage, lettuce ( is, are ) rich in vitamin C
 5. The professor and the student (agrees, agree) on that point.
6. Why (was,were) Susan and Alex late for the meeting?
7. Making pies and cakes (is,are) Mrs. Reed’s specialty
8. The subjects you will be studying in this course (is,are) listed in the syllabus
5. Kadang ada phrase yang memisahkan sebuah subjek dari kata kerjanya sendiri. Interrupting structures
ini tidak mempengaruhi basic agreement.
Contoh : The book on political parties is interesting.
The interrupting prepositional phrase on political parties tidak mempengaruhi kata kerja is, karena
kata kerja is harus ada kesesuaian dengan subjek book
Contoh :
Incorrect : The books, an English dictionary and a chemistry text, was on the shelf yesterday
Correct : The books, an English dictionary and a chemistry text, were on the shelf yesterday
Incorrect : Three swimmers from our team, Paul, Ed , and Jim, is in competition for medals
Correct : Three swimmers from our team, Paul, Ed , and Jim, are in competition for medals
Incorrect : My dog, as well as my cats, like food.
Correct : My dog, as well as my cats, likes food.
Task 5

Part A : Choose the correct answer.

Cupid, one of the ancient Roman gods, ………………………

A. Were a little winged child

B. Representing as a little winged child
C. Was represented as a little winged child
D. A little winged child

Part B : Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.

Columbus, Ohio, the capital of the state, are not the largest city in Ohio but also a typical
A B C
metropolitan area, often used in market research.
B. Subject – Verb agreement menggunakan There + be

a. There are twenty students in my class In the structure there + be is called an “expletive”. It
b. There’s a fly in the room has no meaning as a vocabulary word. It introduces
the idea that something exists in a particular place.
 Pattern: there + be + subject + expression of place
c. There are seven continents Sometimes the expression of place is omitted when
the meaning is clear. In (c) : the implied expression
of place is clearly in the world.
Singular verb Plural Verb
d. There is a book e. There are The subject follows be when there is used
on the shelf some books on d :The subject is book
the shelf e :the subject is books
f. Informal : there’s some books on the shelf In very informal spoken English, some native
speakers use a singular verb even when subject is
plural, as in f.
ketika menggunakan there + to be , maka yang menjadi subjek adalah kata benda setelah kata kerja,
sehingga kata kerja akan menyesuaikan dengan subjek setelah kata kerja

Misalny “There are the results of the election.” Yang menjadi subjek dalam kalimat tadi adalah results,
sehingga be are digunakan untuk disesuaikan dengan subject results yang bermakna plural.

Contoh :
Incorrect : There was ten people in line already when we arrived
Correct : There were ten people in line already when we arrived
Incorrect : There have been very little rain this summer
Correct : There has been very little rain this summer medals
Incorrect : I think that there were a problem
Correct : I think that there was a problem.
Task 6. Using There and Be. Direction: choose the correct answer in parentheses
1. There (isn’t, aren’t) any letters in the mail for you today
2. There (isn’t, aren’t) any mails for you today
3. There (is, are) a lot of problems in the world
4. There (is,are) a hole in his sock
5. There (is,are) over 600,000 kinds of insects in the world
6. How many kinds of birds (is,are) there in the world?
7. Why (isn’t, aren’t) there a hospital close to those villages?
8. There (was, were) a terrible earthquake in Iran last year
9. Why (is,are) there a shortage of available apartments for rent in this city at present/
10. There (is,are) more women than men in my office.
C. Subject – Verb Agreement : Some Irregularities (tak beraturan)

Singular Verb
a. The United States is big Kadang Proper noun yang diakhiri
b. The Philippines consists of more than 7,000 islands. dengan huruf –s menggunakan kata
c. The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City kerja berbentuk tunggal. Pronoun
d. Sears is a department store yang digunakan untuk proper noun ini
adalah It bukan They. The United
States = it (bukan they)
e. The news is interesting News adalah bentuk tunggal,
sehingga kata kerja nya juga dalam
bentuk tunggal
f. Mathematics is easy for her. Physic is easy for her too Field of study yang diakhiri dengan
huruf –ics menggunakan kata kerja
bentuk tunggal
g. Diabetes is an illness Istilah penyakit dalam bahasa inggris
yang diakhiri dengan huruf –s adalah
berbentuk tunggal/menggunakan kata
kerja berbentuk tunggal. Seperti :
diabetes, measles, mumps, rabies,
rickets, shingles.
h. Eight hours of sleep is enough Untuk mengekspresikan waktu, uang
i. Ten dollars is too much to pay dan jarak biasanya menggunakan kata
j. Five thousand miles is too far to travel kerja berbentuk tunggal
k. Two and two is four Arithmetic(perhitungan)
l. Two and two equals four menggunakan kata kerja tunggal
m. Two plus two is equals four
n. Five times five is twenty-five
Plural Verb
o. Those people are from Canada People, police, dan cattle tanpa
p. The Police have been called diakhiri huruf s berbentuk jamak dan
 q. Cattle are domestic animals menggunakan kata kerja jamak.
Singular Verb Plural Verb

p. English is spoken in many q. The English drink tea Pada contoh (p) English : bahasa,
countries s. The Chinese have an sedangkan pada (q) The English =
r. Chinese is his native interesting history orang-orang Inggris. Untuk kata
speaker benda nationality yang di akhiri
dengan huruf –sh,-ese, and –ch bisa
berarti bahasa atau orang, contohnya:
English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese,
Vietnamese, Portuguese, And French.
t. The poor have many Beberapa kelompok Adjective bisa
problems ditambahkan the dan fungsinya
u. The rich get richer sebagai kata benda jamak (tanpa
akhiran-s) ditujukan untuk orang yang
memiliki kondisi/kualitas tersebut.
Contoh lainya: the young (orang-
orang muda), the elderly, the living,
the dead, the blind, the deaf, the
disabled. Kata benda ini biasanya
diikuti kata kerja bentuk jamak.
Note: the word “people” has a final -s (peoples) only when it is used to refer to ethnic or national group:
All the peoples of the world desire peach.

Task 7. Direction: Choose the correct answer in parentheses.

1. The United States (has, have) a population of around 250 million
2. The news about Mr. Hogan (is,are) surprising.
3. Massachusetts (is,are) a state in the northeastern part of the United States.
4. Physics (seeks,seek) to understand the mysteries of the physical world.
5. Statistics (is,are) a branch of mathematics
6. The statistics in that report on oil production (is,are) incorrect
7. Fifty minutes (is,are) the maximum length of time allowed for the exam.
8. Twenty dollars (is,are) an unreasonable price for the necklace
9. Six and seven (is,are) thirteen
10. Many people in the world (does,do) not have enough to eat
 11. The police (is,are) prepared in case there is a riot.

Task 8. Directions: correct the errors in subject-verb agreement

1. The books in my office is very valuable to me

2. All of the windows in our house were broken in the earthquake
3. All of the employees in that company is required to be proficient in a second language
4. A lot of the people in my class works during the day and attends class in the evening.
5. Listening to very loud music at rock concerts have caused hearing loss in some teenagers
6. Many of the satellites orbiting the earth is used for communications.
7. The news about the long-range effects of air pollution on the development of children’s lungs is
disturbing
8. Chinese have more than fifty thousand written characters
9. About two-thirds of the Vietnamese works in agriculture
10. More than of passengers affected by the delays was great.

D. Agreement - Subject and Adjective Pronouns

Didalam bahasa inggris harus ada kesesuaian antara subjek dan adjective pronoun yang ditujukan
untuk subjek itu sendiri.

Subject Pronous Possessive

Adjective
I My
You Your
He His
She Her
It Its
We Our
You Your
They Their
Note : It ditujukan untuk bayi yang masih kecil.
Contoh :
Incorrect : Those of us who are over fifty years old should get their blood pressure checked
regularly
Correct : Those of us who are over fifty years old should get our blood pressure checked regularly

Incorrect : Our neighbors know that when they go on vacation, we will get its mail for them

Correct : Our neighbors know that when they go on vacation, we will get their mail for them
 Incorrect : Wine tends to lose their flavor when it has not been properly sealed
Correct : Wine tends to lose its flavor when it has not been properly sealed.
Task 9.

Part A : Choose the correct answer.

The television programs we allow …….. to watch influence their learning

A. A children
B. Our children
C. Our child
D. Their childs

Part B : Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.

Although maple trees are among the most colorful varieties in the fall, they lose its leaves
A B C
sooner than oak trees.
D

E. Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expression of quantity

A particular agreement problem occurs when the subject is an expression of quantity such as all,
most, some followed by the preposition of. In this situation, the subject (all, most or some) can be
singular or plural, depending on what follows the preposition of. Ada beberapa aturan didalam
menggunakan expression of quantity + of dalam kalimat, antara lain:

 Hampir semua expression quantity of kata kerjanya di tentukan oleh kata benda (atau pronoun) yang
mengikuti of ...
Pattern nya :
Some of + singular noun = singular verb
Some of + plural noun = plural verb
Contoh:
1. Some of my books are there
2. Both of my friends are arrogant.
 Jika kata benda (dalam bentuk jamak ) dilekati oleh one of, each of, and every one of maka kata
kerjanya menggunakan kata kerja tunggal
 Pattern :
One of + plural noun = singular verb
Each of + plural noun = singular verb
Every one of + plural noun = singular verb
Contoh :
1. Each of the students goes to hospital
2. Everyone of the children likes ice cream
 Jika kata benda dilekati oleh a number maka bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja
bentuk jamak. Sebaliknya jika menggunakan the number maka kata kerjanya berbentuk tunggal.
Contoh :
1. The number of lecturers attends an important meeting in Malaya Hotel
2. A number of employees hold a protest for the low salary.
 Dalam bahasa Inggris formal jika kata benda dilekati oleh none of maka kata kerja yang digunakan
adalah kata kerja tunggal, sedangkan dalam bahasa Inggris informal none of menggunakan kata
kerja jamak.
Contoh :
1. None of my friends likes watching cinema (formal)
2. None of my friends like watching cinema ( informal)
Contoh lain (lihat perbedaannya)

Singular (tunggal) Plural (jamak)

Some of the book is good Some of the books are good
A lot of the equipment is new A lot of my friends are here
Two-thirds of the money is mine Two-thirds of the pennies are mine
One of my friends is here
Each of my friends is here
Everyone of my friends is here
None of the boys is here None of the boys are here. (informal)
The number of students in the class is A number of students were late for class
fifteen

Task 10. Direction choose the correct answer in parentheses

1. One of the chief materials in bones and teeth (is,are) calcium
2. A number of students ( is,are) absent today
3. None of the animals at the zoo (is,are) free to roam. All of them (is,are) in enclosures.
4. (Does/do) any of you know the answer to that question?
 5. What percentage of the earth’s surface (is,are) covered by water?
6. Some of the fruit in this bowl (is,are) rotten
7. Half of the students in the class (is,are) from Arabic-speaking countries.
8. Half of this money (is,are) yours

SUMMARY
Di unit ini kita sudah belajar tentang :
1. Subject – verb agreement
2. Subject – Verb agreement menggunakan = There + be
3. Beberepa ketidakaturan dalam subject-verb agreement
4. Subjek dan adjective pronouns dari subjek itu sendiri.
5. Subject-verb agreement : Menggunakan expression of quantity.

FORMATIVE TEST

Directions: some of the sentences in this test are correct. Some are incorrect. First, find the correct
sentences, and mark them a check (√). Then find incorrect sentences, and correct them.

1. Thirty-five thousand dollars are the average income for a four-person family living in a medium-
sized community
2. Mary Ovington, along with a number of journalists and social workers, were instrumental in
establishing the Negro National Committee, now called the NAACP.
3. Fossils show that early people was only four feet six inches tall on average.
4. Each of the Medic Alert bracelets worn by million of American who suffer from diabetes and
drug allergic reactions is individually engraved with the wearer’s name.
5. The Yon Ho, which is still in use today and is recognized as one of the world’s great canals, date
from the sixth century.
6. Since the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation started guaranteeing bank accounts $100,000 or
less, there is no reason for small investors to fear losing their savings.
7. One hundred eight-six thousand miles per second ate the speed of light.
8. Several arid areas in Arizona has been irrigated and reclaimed for cultivation
9. In spite of its fragile appearance, a newborn infant is extremely sturdy.
10. Over 90 percent of the world’s population now uses the metric system.