PROJECT REPORT Sample 6 Sem

A MAJOR PROJECT REPORT
ON
“SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering

(2019-2020)
Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
BHOPAL (M.P.)
Submitted By:
SATYAM KUMAR CHAURASIYA (0302CS161039)
SAURABH GUPTA (0302CS161040)
Approved By Under the Guidance of

Mr. Pradeep Tripathi Ms. Pratiksha Asati
(Head of the Department) (CSE Dept)
Computer Science & Engg.
Department Of Computer Science & Engineering

VINDHIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
SATNA (M.P.)
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal(M.P)

Vindhya Institute of Technology & Science
Satna (M.P)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled as “School
Management System” which has been completed & submitted
by Satyam Kumar Chaurasiya in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science for the session 2016-2020 is a
bonafied work by them and has been completed under my
guidance and supervision. It has not been submitted elsewhere
for any other degree.
H.O.D Guided By
Mr.Pradeep Tripathi Ms. Pratiksha Asati
(Computer Science & Engineering) (CSE Dept.)
Principal
Dr. Rakesh Tiwari
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P)
Vindhya Institute of Technology & Science

Satna (M.P)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled as “School
Management System” which has been completed & submitted
by Satyam Kumar Chaurasiya in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science for the session 2016-2020.
(External Examiner) (Internal Examiner)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A project like this one involves many people and

would be incomplete without the mention of all those people
whose guidance and encouragement helped in the successful
completion of this project.
Our heartily thanks to all faculty members of
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Vindhya
Institute of Technology & Science, Satna for their effort
towards our project.
We would like to thanks our H.O.D
Mr.Pradeep Tripathi who has been a great source of
inspiration for us and without whose humble guidance of
project was never to shape.
We are also indebted to our
guide Ms. Pratiksha Asati or his encouragement, guidance
and support.
We are also thankful to many people whose
timely help but paucity of space is restricting us from
mentioning their name. And finally we also thank to all my
colleagues who were constant support during the whole
project.
Satyam Kumar Chaurasiya (0302CS16139)

Saurabh Gupta (0302CS161040)
DECLARATION
We here by declare that the work which is being presented in the project report
entitled “School Management System” partial fulfillment of the

requirement of the degree of “Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science” branch is an authentic record of our work carried out under the able
guidance of “Ms. Pratiksha Asati”. The work has been carried out at Vindhya
Institute of Technology & Science, Satna.
Project Associate
Satyam Kumar Chaurasiya (0302CS161039)
Saurabh Gupta (0302CS161040)
Index
1. Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………8
2. Declaration …………………………………………………………………………..9
3.About Project
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Need Of School Management System
3.2.1 Student Information
3.2.2 Parent Access
3.2.3 Teacher Information
3.3 Abstract Of School Management System
3.4 Benefits
3.5 Our Mission
3.6 Applications
3.7 Objective
4. About Front End
4.1 Architecture Of Front End User
4.1.1 Architecture And Concepts
4.1.2 Transparent To Use
4.1.3 Flexible Storage: Various Storage Handler
4.1.4 Built-In Slam Defense To Avoid Overloading
4.1.5 Unique Approach To Caching
4.2 Software & Tools Used:
4.2.1 PHP
4.2.2 Html
4.2.3 Html 5
4.2.4 Css
4.2.5 Javascript
4.2.6 Bootstrap
5. About Back End
5.1 Mysql’s Logical Architecture
5.2 Softwares And Tools Used
5.2.1 My Sql
5.2.2 Wamp
6. Minimum Hardware Specification
6.1 Hardware Requirement
6.2 Software Requirement
7. Detail Description Of Technology Used
7.1 Reasons For Using Php
7.2 Html
7.3 Html 5
7.4 Css
7.5 Javascript
7.6 Mysql’s Logical Architecture
7.7 Softwares And Tools Used
8. Software Development Process
8.1 Life Cycle Used To Develop This Project
8.2 Systems Development Phases
8.2.1 Initiation
8.2.2 System Concept Development
8.2.3 Planning Requirement Analysis
8.2.4 Design
8.2.5 Development
8.2.6 Integration Test
8.2.7 Implementation
8.2.8 Operation & Maintenance
9. Module Description
9.1 Login:
9.1.1 Admin
9.1.1.1 Query
9.1.1.2 Attendance
9.1.1.3 Register
9.1.1.4 Update Result
9.1.2 User
9.1.2.1 Profile
9.1.2.2 Attendance
9.1.2.2.1 Today Attendance
9.1.2.2.2 Total Attendance
9.1.2.3 Result View
9.2 Main Page
9.3 Result
9.4 Faculty
9.5 Contact Us
9.6 Reset Password
10. Complete Dfd & E-R Diagrams
10.1 Introduction E-R Diagram
10.2 Data Flow Diagram
10.2.1 Introduction Of Dfd
10.2.2 Context Diagram
10.2.3 Need Of Dfd
10.2.4 Dfd For Admin Login
10.2.5 Dfd For User Login
10.2.6 Dfd For Account Creation
10.3 Usecase Diagram
11. Software Testing
11.1 Levels Of Testing
11.2 Functional Testing
11.3 Structural Testing
11.4 Unit Testing
11.5 Integrity Testing
11.5.1. White Box Testing
11.5.2 Black Box Testing
12. Complete Snapshots
13. Summary and Conclusion
14. Bibliography
3.About Project
School Management System
3.1 Introduction
School Management System Plays an essential role in the current educational system. School
authorities all over the world are engaged in a lot of day-to-day administrative and academic
activities to manage and provide a better academic experience to students effectively.
However, maintaining and keeping track of school administrative activities is not an easy
process in the fast-growing world. It requires hard work and often it is time-consuming.
To better perform the school administrative activities of educational institute and to assure
parents the real-time progress and security of their children, educational institutes
utilize School Management software nowadays. Such applications often offer many features
that help to enhance the performance of schools with minimum efforts. School Management
software does it by avoiding the manual paper works and automation of many academic and
administrative activities. Now let us take a look at why institutes need to implement it.
3.2 Need of School Management System

3.2.1 Student Information
Every information that are related to students can be easily accessed using a school
management system. It helps teachers to quickly obtain information about students fast and
easy reducing their workload. The student database in a school management system contains
much information about students such as their Examination grades, Parental information,
Medical history, details related to school fee, etc. Many School management system offers
real-time information and announcements through SMS as well.
3.2.2 Parent Access
Parents play a crucial part in the child's education. They are continuously involved in it. And
it is necessary to keep them updated and notified about the progress of their child. Previously
schools had to conduct parents meetings to keep update parents about the academic
performance of their children. Parent meetings were time-consuming and many parents faced
trouble attending meetings because of their work schedule, family issues, etc. With the
introduction of School ERP software, parent notification becomes simple and
straightforward. School ERP systems can notify parents about their children through mobile
apps and SMS services etc. This way they are notified instantly, and it helps to keep updated
about their child's academic performance in real time.
3.2.3 Teacher Information
A school management system not only gives the information about students. It can provide
real-time information about teacher’s activities also. School administrators can access a
particular teacher’s class schedule, daily reports of the teacher, etc. With the Help of artificial
intelligence school management systems can even monitor the performance of teachers and
give real-time suggestions to improve the teaching quality. It also provides a dedicated portal
for teachers making it easier for them to find all the information related to students and
school activities.
3.3 Abstract of School Management System
The Title of the project is School Management System to computerize the School. The Front
end used is ASP.NET with Visual Basic.NET. The Back End used is SQL Server. In this
project there are several modules such as Data Entry module, Data Records module. These
modules are further divided in to sub modules. That is Class Setup, Student Setup, Teacher
Setup, Fees Setup, Student Attendance, Employee Attendance, Subject Setup, Add Expense,
Expense Detail, Examination Setup and Exam Details are in Data Entry module. Student
Details, Teacher Records, Student Attendance, Employee Attendance, Fees Records are in
the Data Records module. These modules give way in managing the organization efficiently.
So, this project helps in efficient management of human resource inside the organization.
Also, it consumes less time consumption. The main and important benefit of this proposed
system is that it is very much user friendly and accurate. So the employees and the
administrators feel so much comfortable to work with it. Also in all the modules the regularly
updated information are very much useful when they are extracted.
3.4 Benefits
Our Vision
In the IT era, there are almost not any fields exist where computers are not used.
Techshot would like to contribute to the total SATISFACTION to its esteemed
CUSTOMERS by providing them with the high quality products.
Techshot wants to make products highly reliable, affordable, & consistent which
will serve the customer domain.
Techshot concerned for its customers & serves them in precise time, with right
product of right quality. By enhancing consulting and other potentials, we help move
customers forward in each & every part of their businesses, from strategic planning to day-
to-day operations.
Our Clients benefit from access to information solutions that help them better cope-
up their business, cooperate with customers and make financial and operational decisions.
3.5 Our Mission
To endow with strategic and technical expertise to companies wanting to leverage the
latest innovations. Our mission is to Define Quality Policy for the IT era, set new span for
Services to Students.
3.6 Applications
This application is built such a way that it should suits for all type of services in future. So
every effort is taken to implement this project in this application, on successful
implementation in this school system.
3.7 OBJECTIVE
4. About Front End:
The front end is an interface between the user and the back end. The front and back ends may
be distributed amongst one or more systems.
In network computing, front end can refer to any hardware that optimizes or protects network
traffic. It is called application front-end hardware because it is placed on the network's
outward-facing front end or boundary. Network traffic passes through the front-end hardware
before entering the network.
In compilers, the front end translates a computer programming source code into an
intermediate representation, and the back end works with the intermediate representation to
produce code in a computer output language. The back end usually optimizes to produce
code that runs faster. The front-end/back-end distinction can separate the parser section that
deals with source code and the back end that generates code and optimizes.
These days, front-end development refers to the part of the web users interact with. In the
past, web development consisted of people who worked with Photoshop and those who could
code HTML and CSS. Now, developers need a handle of programs like Photoshop and be
able to code not only in HTML and CSS, but also JavaScript or jQuery, which is a compiled
library of JavaScript.
Most of everything you see on any website is a mixture of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript,
which are all controlled by the browser. For example, if you’re using Google Chrome or
Firefox, the browser is what translates all of the code in a manner for you to see and with
which to interact, such as fonts, colors, drop-down menus, sliders, forms, etc. In order for all
of this to work, though, there has to be something to support the front-end; this is where the
backend comes into play.
4.1 Architecture of Front End user:

4.1.1 Architecture and Concepts
The query cache plugin is implemented as a PHP extension. It is written in C and operates
under the hood of PHP. During the startup of the PHP interpreter, it gets registered as a
mysqlnd plugin to replace selected mysqlnd C methods. Hereby, it can change the behaviour
of any PHP MySQL extension (mysqli, PDO_MYSQL, mysql) compiled to use the mysqlnd
library without changing the extensions API. This makes the plugin compatible with each
and every PHP MySQL application. Because existing APIs are not changed, it is almost
transparent to use. Please, see the mysqlnd plugin API description for a discussion of the
advantages of the plugin architecture and a comparison with proxy based solutions.
4.1.2 Transparent to use

At PHP run time PECL/mysqlnd_qc can proxy queries send from PHP (mysqlnd) to the
MySQL server. It then inspects the statement string to find whether it shall cache its results.
If so, result set is cached using a storage handler and further executions of the statement are
served from the cache for a user-defined period. The Time to Live (TTL) of the cache entry
can either be set globally or on a per statement basis.
A statement is either cached if the plugin is instructed to cache all statements globally using a
or, if the query string starts with the SQL hint (/*qc=on*/). The plugin is capable of caching
any query issued by calling appropriate API calls of any of the existing PHP MySQL
extensions.
4.1.3 Flexible storage: various storage handler

Various storage handler are supported to offer different scopes for cache entries. Different
scopes allow for different degrees in sharing cache entries among clients.
• default (built-in): process memory, scope: process, one or more web requests
depending on PHP deployment model used
• APC: shared memory, scope: single server, multiple web requests
• SQLite: memory or file, scope: single server, multiple web requests

• MEMCACHE: main memory, scope: single or multiple server, multiple web
requests
• user (built-in): user-defined - any, scope: user-defined - any
Support for the APC, SQLite and MEMCACHE storage handler has to be enabled at compile
time. The default and user handler are built-in. It is possible to switch between compiled-in
storage handlers on a per query basis at run time. However, it is recommended to pick one
storage handler and use it for all cache entries.
4.1.4 Built-in slam defense to avoid overloading

To avoid overload situations the cache plugin has a built-in slam defense mechanism. If a
popular cache entries expires many clients using the cache entries will try to refresh the
cache entry. For the duration of the refresh many clients may access the database server
concurrently. In the worst case, the database server becomes overloaded and it takes more
and more time to refresh the cache entry, which in turn lets more and more clients try to
refresh the cache entry. To prevent this from happening the plugin has a slam defense
mechanism. If slam defense is enabled and the plugin detects an expired cache entry it
extends the life time of the cache entry before it refreshes the cache entry. This way other
concurrent accesses to the expired cache entry are still served from the cache for a certain
time.The other concurrent accesses to not trigger a concurrent refresh. Ideally, the cache
entry gets refreshed by the client which extended the cache entries lifespan before other
clients try to refresh the cache and potentially cause an overload situation.
4.1.5 Unique approach to caching

PECL/mysqlnd_qc has a unique approach to caching result sets that is superior to application
based cache solutions. Application based solutions first fetch a result set into PHP variables.
Then, the PHP variables are serialized for storage in a persistent cache, and then unserialized
when fetching. The mysqlnd query cache stores the raw wire protocol data sent from MySQL
to PHP in its cache and replays it, if still valid, on a cache hit. This way, it saves an extra
serialization step for a cache put that all application based solutions have to do. It can store
the raw wire protocol data in the cache without having to serialize into a PHP variable first
and deserializing the PHP variable for storing in the cache a
4.2 Software & Tools Used:
1. PHP:-
4.2.1 Introduction
PHP is now officially known as “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”. It is a server-side
scripting language usually written in an HTML context. Unlike an ordinary HTML page, a
PHP script is not sent directly to a client by the server; instead, it is parsed by the PHP binary
or module, which is server-side installed. HTML elements in the script are left alone, but
PHP code is interpreted and executed. PHP code in a script can query databases, create
images, read and write files, talk to remote servers – the possibilities is endless. The output
from PHP code is combined with the HTML in the script and the result sent to the user’s
web-browser, therefore it can never tell the user whether the web-server uses PHP or not,
because the entire browser sees is HTML.
PHP’s support for Apache and MySQL further increases its popularity. Apache is
now the most-used web-server in the world, and PHP can be compiled as an Apache module.
MySQL is a powerful free SQL database, and PHP provides a comprehensive set of
functions for working with it. The combination of Apache, MySQL and PHP is all but
unbeatable.
That doesn’t mean that PHP cannot work in other environments or with other tools.
In fact, PHP supports an extensive list of databases and web-servers. While in the mid-1990s
it was ok to build sites, even relatively large sites, with hundreds of individual hard-coded
HTML pages, today’s webmasters are making the most of the power of databases to manage
their content more effectively and to personalize their sites according to individual user
preferences.
Reasons for using PHP

There are some indisputable great reasons to work with PHP. As an open source product,
PHP is well supported by a talented production team and a committed user community.
Furthermore, PHP can be run on all the major operating systems with most servers.
a) Learning PHP is easy

Basic is easy any interpreted language should be easy to learn. Since you are isolated from
the system (no pointers to use, no memory to allocate). The other advantage that all modern
interpreted languages share is good associative array constructs.
b) Its Performance
While we can build an application that serves millions of pages a day on a server, when we
really look at the performance of the language it sucks. We are still orders of magnitude from
real performance. Not only that, but since PHP is designed around a single process model our
ability to share data structures or connection pool resources is left to native code libraries.
• The low cost
There are many languages which are available at very less cost. There are some languages
which are available at very less cost like below:
• PHP
• C
• C++ etc
d) It’s Open Source, We can modify it

We can modify it if you need a hole in your head! Technically the point is that it’s an open
source project and they release patches often. You’re point is that the community is actively
working out the bugs. So, what any active language is doing this...
Unfortunately C, C++ and Perl have all “died” at this point and will pretty much remain
static at their current functionality.
Portability
C is portable; it’s just the OS bits that aren’t. A lot PHP isn’t portable to Windows since
people don’t use the OS abstractions to avoid some problems.
It has interfaces to a large variety of database systems
PHP supports a large variety of the database.
Support available
Online Support is available for using PHP.
e)PHP Syntax
You cannot view the PHP source code by selecting “View source” in the browser – you will
only see the output from the PHP file, which is plain HTML. This is because the scripts are
executed on the server before the result is sent back to the browser.
Basic PHP Syntax

A PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends with ?>. A PHP scripting block
can be placed anywhere in the document.
On servers with shorthand support enabled you can start a
scripting block with <? And end with ?>.However, for maximum compatibility, we
recommend that you use the standard form (<?php) rather than the shorthand form.
A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting
code.
4.2.2 HTML
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create
web pages.
HTML was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland. It was designed to
allow scientists to display and share their research.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets(like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>,
although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The
first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called
opening tags and closing tags).
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or
audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to
interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically
along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming
language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects
to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create
structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs,
lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as Java
Script which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.
HTML is descriptive markup language. Library of various markup languages is defined in

various browsers.
a) HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The
value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
<imgsrc="url" alt="some_text">
b) HTML FORMS
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
The <form> tag is used to create an

HTML form:
<form>
input elements
</form>
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons,
submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and
label elements.
c) Image tag (<img>) :

To add an image to an HTML document, we just need to include an <IMG> tag with a
reference to the desired image. The <IMG> tag is an empty element i.e. it doesn’t require a
closing tag and we can use it to include from small icons to large images.
Syntax: <imgsrc=”URL” alt=”alternative text”>
d) HTML Lists :
An ordered list:
An unordered list:
• The first list item
• List item
• The second list item
• List item
• The third list item
• List item
4.2.3 HTML 5
HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML. The previous version of HTML, HTML 4.01,
came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then. HTML5 is still a work in progress.
However, the major browsers support many of the new HTML5 elements and APIs.
HTML5 is cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web
Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with
XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.
Some rules for HTML5 were established:
a) New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
b) Reduce the need for external plug-ins (like Flash)
c) Better error handling
d) More markup to replace scripting
e) HTML5 should be device independent
f) The development process should be visible to the public
4.2.4 CSS
CSS tutorial or CSS 3 tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of CSS technology.
Our CSS tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals. The major points of CSS are
given below:
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.
• CSS is used to design HTML tags.
• CSS is a widely used language on the web.
• HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used for web designing. It helps the web
designers to apply style on HTML tags.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web
pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any
kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone
specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their
presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for table less web
design).
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based
browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow
the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is
being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS file,
readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the
one the author has specified.
4.2.5 JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly used as
part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the
user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that
is displayed. It is also being used in server-side network programming (with Node.js), game
development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications.
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first-class
functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and naming
conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different
semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme
programming languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented,
imperative, and functional programming styles.
The application of JavaScript in use outside of web pages—for example, in PDF documents,
site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets—is also significant. Newer and faster JavaScript
VMs and platforms built upon them (notably Node.js) have also increased the popularity of
JavaScript for server-side web applications. On the client side, JavaScript was traditionally
implemented as an interpreted language but just-in-time compilation is now performed by
recent (post-2012) browsers.
5. About Back End:

In a previous blog, we talked about how web programmers are concerned with launching
websites, updates, and maintenance, among other things. All of that works to support the
front-end of the website. The back-end has three parts to it: server, application, and database.
To better explain how all of this works, let’s use the example of a customer trying to
purchase a plane ticket using a website. Everything that the customer sees on the webpage is
the front-end, as we have explained before, but once that customer enters all of his or her
information, ssssuch as their name, billing address, destination, etc, the web application
stores the information in a database that was created previously on the server in which the
website is calling for information.
The web application creates, deletes, changes, renames, etc items in the database. For
example, when a customer purchases a ticket, that creates an item in the database, but when
they have a change in their order or they wish to cancel, the item in the database is changed.
.In short, when a customer wants to buy a ticket, the backend operation is the web application
communicating with the server to make a change in a database stored on said server.
Technologies like PHP, Ruby, Python, and others are the ones backend programmers use to
make this communication work smoothly, allowing the customer to purchase his or her ticket
with ease.
5.1 MySQL’s Logical Architecture

The topmost layer contains the services that aren’t unique to MySQL. They’re services most
network-based client/server tools or servers need: connection handling, authentication,
security, and so forth.
.
The third layer contains the storage engines. They are responsible for storing and retrieving
all data stored “in” MySQL. Like the various filesystems available for GNU/Linux, each
storage engine has its own benefits and drawbacks. The server communicates with them
through the storage engine API. This interface hides differences between storage engines and
makes them largely transparent at the query layer. The API contains a couple of dozen low-
level functions that perform operations such as “begin a transaction” or “fetch the row that
has this primary key.” The storage engines don’t parse SQL[4] or communicate with each
other; they simply respond to requests from the server.
5.2 Softwares and tools used:
5.2.1 My Sql:
Introduction:
The database has become an integral part of almost every human's life. Without it, many
things we do would become very tedious, perhaps impossible tasks. Banks, universities, and
libraries are three examples of organizations that depend heavily on some sort of database
system. On the Internet, search engines, online shopping, and even the website naming
convention would be impossible without the use of a database. A database that is
implemented and interfaced on a computer is often termed a database server.
PHP Main Features of MySQL

• Tested with a broad range of different compilers.
• Works on many different platforms.
• The MySQL Server design is multi-layered with independent modules.
• Fully multi-threaded using kernel threads. It can easily use multiple CPUs if they are
available.
• Provides transactional and non-transactional storage engines.
• Uses very fast B-tree disk tables with index compression.
• Relatively easy to add other storage engines. This is useful if you want to provide an SQL
interface for an in-house database.
• A very fast thread-based memory allocation system.
• Very fast joins using an optimized one-sweep multi-join.
• In-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.
• SQL functions are implemented using a highly optimized class library and should be as
fast as possible. Usually there is no memory allocation at all after query initialization.
• The server is available as a separate program for use in a client/server networked

environment.
5.2.2 WAMP:-
• Install WAMP by double clicking on the icon, an installation wizard will be

opened.
b) Click on next button to continue , and then again box will be appeared on the screen
asking you for acceptance or not acceptance of the license agreement.
c) For this select option “I accept the terms in the license agreement”. Click on next
button.
d) Then again wizard will be opened asking you about the location of placing the folder.
For selecting location click on browse and click next.
e) The next wizard will ask you about auto start the WAMP i.e. if you want to start the
WAMP automatically then click on the checkbox and if do not want then it remain
unchecked.
f) Click on next button to precede further, the next wizard will display you the
summary of the setting . Click on install button for installation.
g) After installation the next wizard will be opened asking you about directory for your
root folder .if you are not sure , just leave the default directory .for proceeding further
click on next button.
• The next wizard will ask you about your server just fill localhost and click on
next button.
• The next wizard will be appeared on the screen asking you about the email
address for sending mails. Just leave the default email address if you are not
sure. Click on the next button.
• This wizard will ask you about the browser by default browser is internet
explorer you can set default browser according to your requirement .click on
next button.
• On clicking next a popup menu will displayed asking you “would you like to
install the new WAMP homepage ?” click on yes option.
• Finally click on finish after complete installation of WAMP on your system.
6. Minimum Hardware Specification:

6.1 Hardware Requirement
Processor : Intel Core Duo 2.0 GHz or more
RAM : 1 GB or More
Hard disk : 80GB or more
Monitor : 15” CRT, or LCD monitor
Keyboard : Normal or Multimedia
Mouse : Compatible mouse
6.2 Software Requirement

Front End : Visual Basic 2005 Express edition
With Sql Server Compact Edition
Microsoft SDK 2.0
Or
Visual Basic 2008 Express edition
With Sql Server Compact Edition
Microsoft SDK 3.0
Back End : MS Sql Server

Operation System : Windows 7 with server pack 2
Or
Windows 8.1
7.DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY USED

PHP is now officially known as “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”. It is a server-side
scripting language usually written in an HTML context. Unlike an ordinary HTML page, a
PHP script is not sent directly to a client by the server; instead, it is parsed by the PHP binary
or module, which is server-side installed. HTML elements in the script are left alone, but
PHP code is interpreted and executed. PHP code in a script can query databases, create
images, read and write files, talk to remote servers – the possibilities is endless. The output
from PHP code is combined with the HTML in the script and the result sent to the user’s
web-browser, therefore it can never tell the user whether the web-server uses PHP or not,
because the entire browser sees is HTML.
PHP’s support for Apache and MySQL further increases its popularity. Apache is
now the most-used web-server in the world, and PHP can be compiled as an Apache module.
MySQL is a powerful free SQL database, and PHP provides a comprehensive set of
functions for working with it. The combination of Apache, MySQL and PHP is all but
unbeatable.
That doesn’t mean that PHP cannot work in other environments or with other tools.
In fact, PHP supports an extensive list of databases and web-servers. While in the mid-1990s
it was ok to build sites, even relatively large sites, with hundreds of individual hard-coded
HTML pages, today’s webmasters are making the most of the power of databases to manage
their content more effectively and to personalize their sites according to individual user
preferences.
7.1 Reasons for using PHP

There are some indisputable great reasons to work with PHP. As an open source product,
PHP is well supported by a talented production team and a committed user community.
Furthermore, PHP can be run on all the major operating systems with most servers.
7.1.1 Learning PHP is easy

Basic is easy any interpreted language should be easy to learn. Since you are isolated from
the system (no pointers to use, no memory to allocate). The other advantage that all modern
interpreted languages share is good associative array constructs.
7.1.2 Its Performance

While we can build an application that serves millions of pages a day on a server, when we
really look at the performance of the language it sucks. We are still orders of magnitude from
real performance. Not only that, but since PHP is designed around a single process model our
ability to share data structures or connection pool resources is left to native code libraries.
• The low cost

There are many languages which are available at very less cost. There are some languages
which are available at very less cost like below:
PHP
C++ etc
7.1.4 It’s Open Source, We can modify it

We can modify it if you need a hole in your head! Technically the point is that it’s an open
source project and they release patches often. You’re point is that the community is actively
working out the bugs. So, what any active language is doing this...
Unfortunately C, C++ and Perl have all “died” at this point and will pretty much remain
static at their current functionality.
Its Portability
C is portable; it’s just the OS bits that aren’t. A lot PHP isn’t portable to Windows since
people don’t use the OS abstractions to avoid some problems.
It has interfaces to a large variety of database systems
PHP supports a large variety of the database.
Support available
Online Support is available for using PHP.
7.1.5 PHP Syntax

You cannot view the PHP source code by selecting “View source” in the browser – you will
only see the output from the PHP file, which is plain HTML. This is because the scripts are
executed on the server before the result is sent back to the browser.
Basic PHP Syntax

A PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends with ?>. A PHP scripting block
can be placed anywhere in the document.
On servers with shorthand support enabled you can start a
scripting block with <? And end with ?>.However, for maximum compatibility, we
recommend that you use the standard form (<?php) rather than the shorthand form.
A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting
code.
7.2 HTML
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create
web pages.
HTML was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland. It was designed to
allow scientists to display and share their research.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets(like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>,
although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The
first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called
opening tags and closing tags).
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or
audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to
interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically
along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming
language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects
to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create
structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs,
lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as Java
Script which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.
HTML is descriptive markup language. Library of various markup languages is defined in

various browsers.
7.2.1 HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The
value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
<imgsrc="url" alt="some_text">
7.2.2 HTML FORMS

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons,
submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and
label elements.
7.2.3 Image tag (<img>) :
To add an image to an HTML document, we just need to include an <IMG> tag with a
reference to the desired image. The <IMG> tag is an empty element i.e. it doesn’t require a
closing tag and we can use it to include from small icons to large images.
Syntax: <imgsrc=”URL” alt=”alternative text”>
7.2.4 HTML Lists :
An ordered list:
An unordered list:
• The first list item
• List item
• The second list item
• List item
• The third list item
• List item
7.3 HTML 5
HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML. The previous version of HTML, HTML 4.01,
came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then. HTML5 is still a work in progress.
However, the major browsers support many of the new HTML5 elements and APIs.
HTML5 is cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web
Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with
XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.
Some rules for HTML5 were established:
a) New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
b) Reduce the need for external plug-ins (like Flash)
c) Better error handling
d) More markup to replace scripting
e) HTML5 should be device independent
f) The development process should be visible to the public
7.4 CSS
CSS tutorial or CSS 3 tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of CSS technology.
Our CSS tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals. The major points of CSS are
given below:
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.
CSS is used to design HTML tags.
CSS is a widely used language on the web.
HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used for web designing. It helps the web designers to apply
style on HTML tags.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web
pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any
kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone
specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their
presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for table less web
design).
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based
browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow
the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is
being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS file,
readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the
one the author has specified.
With plain HTML you define the colors and sizes of text and tables throughout your pages. If
you want to change a certain element you will therefore have to work your way through the
document and change it. With CSS you define the colors and sizes in "styles". Then as you
write your documents you refer to the styles. Therefore: if you change a certain style it will
change the look of your entire site. Another big advantage is that CSS offers much more
detailed attributes than plain HTML for defining the look and feel of your site.
7.5 JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly used as
part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the
user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that
is displayed. It is also being used in server-side network programming (with Node.js), game
development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications.
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first-class
functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and naming
conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different
semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme
programming languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented,
imperative, and functional programming styles.
The application of JavaScript in use outside of web pages—for example, in PDF documents,
site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets—is also significant. Newer and faster JavaScript
VMs and platforms built upon them (notably Node.js) have also increased the popularity of
JavaScript for server-side web applications. On the client side, JavaScript was traditionally
implemented as an interpreted language but just-in-time compilation is now performed by
recent (post-2012) browsers.
JavaScript was formalized in the ECMA Script language standard and is primarily used as
part of a web browser (client-side JavaScript). This enables programmatic access to objects
within a host environment.
JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world.
It is the language for HTML, for the Web, for computers, servers, laptops, tablets, smart
phones, and more.
You can use JavaScript to:
a) Change HTML elements
• Delete HTML elements
• Create new HTML elements
• Copy and clone HTML elements
7.6 MySQL’s Logical Architecture

The topmost layer contains the services that aren’t unique to MySQL. They’re services most
network-based client/server tools or servers need: connection handling, authentication,
security, and so fort
The third layer contains the storage engines. They are responsible for storing and retrieving
all data stored “in” MySQL. Like the various file systems available for GNU/Linux, each
storage engine has its own benefits and drawbacks. The server communicates with them
through the storage engine API. This interface hides differences between storage engines and
makes them largely transparent at the query layer. The API contains a couple of dozen low-
level functions that perform operations such as “begin a transaction” or “fetch the row that
has this primary key.” The storage engines don’t parse SQL or communicate with each other;
they simply respond to requests from the server.
7.7 Softwares and tools used:

7.7.1 My Sql:
Introduction:
One of the fastest SQL (Structured Query Language) database servers currently on the
market is the MySQL server, developed by T.C.X. Data consult AB. MySQL, available for
download at www.mysql.com, offers the database programmer with an array of options and
capabilities rarely seen in other database servers. MySQL is free of charge for those wishing
to use it for private and commercial use. Those wishing to develop applications specifically
using MySQL should consult MySQL's licensing section, as there is charge for licensing the
product.
These capabilities range across a number of topics, including the following:

a) Ability to handle an unlimited number of simultaneous users.
b) Capacity to handle 50,000,000+ records.
c) Very fast command execution, perhaps the fastest to be found on the market.
d)Easy and efficient user privilege system.
However, perhaps the most interesting characteristic of all is the fact that it's free. That's
right, T.c.X offers MySQL as a free product to the general public.
Reasons to Use MySQL
a) Scalability and Flexibility
The MySQL database server provides the ultimate in scalability, sporting the capacity to
handle deeply embedded applications with a footprint of only 1MB to running massive data
warehouses holding terabytes of information. Platform flexibility is a stalwart feature of
MySQL with all flavors of Linux, UNIX, and Windows being supported.
b) High Performance
A unique storage-engine architecture allows database professionals to configure the MySQL
database server specifically for particular applications, with the end result being amazing
performance results.
C) High Availability
Rock-solid reliability and constant availability are hallmarks of MySQL, with customers
relying on MySQL to guarantee around-the-clock uptime. MySQL offers a variety of high-
availability options from high-speed master/slave replication configurations, to specialized
Cluster servers offering instant failover, to third party vendors offering unique high-
availability solutions for the MySQL database server.
d) Robust Transactional Support

MySQL offers one of the most powerful transactional database engines on the market.
Features include complete ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated, durable) transaction support,
unlimited row-level locking, distributed transaction capability, and multi-version transaction
support where readers never block writers and vice-versa.
e) Web and Data Warehouse Strengths

MySQL is the de-facto standard for high-traffic web sites because of its high-performance
query engine, tremendously fast data inserts capability, and strong support for specialized
web functions like fast full text searches.
f) Strong Data Protection

Because guarding the data assets of corporations is the number one job of database
professionals, MySQL offers exceptional security features that ensure absolute data
protection. In terms of database authentication, MySQL provides powerful mechanisms for
ensuring only authorized users have entry to the database server, with the ability to block
users down to the client machine level being possible.
g) Management Ease
MySQL offers exceptional quick-start capability with the average time from software
download to installation completion being less than fifteen minutes. This rule holds true
whether the platform is Microsoft Windows, Linux, Macintosh, or UNIX.
PHP Main Features of MySQL

• Tested with a broad range of different compilers.
• Works on many different platforms.
• The MySQL Server design is multi-layered with independent modules.
• Fully multi-threaded using kernel threads. It can easily use multiple CPUs if they are
available.
• Provides transactional and non-transactional storage engines.
• Uses very fast B-tree disk tables with index compression.
• Relatively easy to add other storage engines. This is useful if you want to provide an SQL
interface for an in-house database.
• A very fast thread-based memory allocation system.
• Very fast joins using an optimized one-sweep multi-join.
• In-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.
• SQL functions are implemented using a highly optimized class library and should be as
fast as possible. Usually there is no memory allocation at all after query initialization.
8. Software Development Process:
8.1 Life Cycle Used to develop this Project
Life cycle used ---- SDLC

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), or Software Development Life Cycle, in systems
engineering and software engineering relates to the process of developing systems, and the
models and methodologies, that people use to develop these systems, generally computer or
information systems.
In software engineering this SDLC concept is developed into all kinds of software
development methodologies, the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the
process of dev
8.1 Overview
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is any logical process used by a systems analyst to
develop an information system, including requirements, validation, training, and user
ownership. An SDLC should result in a high quality system that meets or exceeds customer
expectations, within time and cost estimates, works effectively and efficiently in the current
and planned Information Technology infrastructure, and is cheap to maintain and cost-
effective to enhance.
Computer systems have become more complex and usually (especially with the advent of
Service-Oriented Architecture) link multiple traditional systems often supplied by different
software vendors. To manage this, a number of system development life cycle (SDLC)
models have been created: waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix, rapid prototyping,
incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. Although in the academic sense, SDLC can be
used to refer to various models, SDLC is typically used to refer to a waterfall methodology.
In project management a project has both a life cycle and a "systems development life cycle"
during which a number of typical activities occur. The project life cycle (PLC) encompasses
all the activities of the project, while the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is focused
on accomplishing the product requirements.
8.2 Systems Development Phases

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adheres to important phases that are essential for
developers, such as planning, analysis, design, and implementation, and are explained in the
section below. There are several Systems Development Life Cycle Models in existence. The
oldest model, that was originally regarded as "the Systems Development Life Cycle" is the
waterfall model: a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes the input for
the next. These stages generally follow the same basic steps but many different waterfall
methodologies give the steps different names and the number of steps seems to vary between
4 and 7. There is no definitively correct Systems Development Life Cycle model, but t he
steps can be characterized and divided in several steps.
8.2.1 INITIATION PHASE
The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies a need or an opportunity. The
purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:
· Identify and validate an opportunity to improve business accomplishments of the
organization or a deficiency related to a business need.
· Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that need.
· Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to satisfy the need
including questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a change in the business process
offer a solution?
· Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship.
8.2.2 System Concept Development Phase
The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or opportunity is
validated by the Agency/Organization Program Leadership and the Agency/Organization
CIO. The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to:
· Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.
· Identify system interfaces.
· Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business need.
· Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success factors, and
performance measures.
· Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the basic functional
requirements
· Assess project risks
· Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, and
· Develop high-level technical architecture, process models, data models, and a concept of
operations.
• PLANNING PHASE
8.2.3.1 Problem Recognition

A problem is well defined very rarely. It crops out with a vague feeling of some statements
that lead to vague conclusions. So the first task is to get more crucial information by
interviewing and meeting concerned people. It clarifies how the problem is felt, how often it
occurs, how it affects the business and which departments are suffering with this. This phase
consists of the following tasks.
• Problem Definition And Initial Investigation

This was a preliminary investigation done with a view to have a “feel” of the working of the
proposed system. This phase has been identified the end-user directly involved in the system
who were the managers, assistant officer and database administrator, and the development
department. By understanding the working of database, its flow and also after conducting
meetings and interviews with the concerned persons of the department, a clear idea about the
working was obtained. A flexible approach is adapted towards people who are interviewed.
Short hand written notes are prepared based on the response of the employees. The
interviews are preferably conducted at the work place of the person being interviewed.
Detailed investigation is done in order to define the scope of the problem .The interview is
concluded with a quick resume of the ground covered during the interview .The
Questionnaire technique is combined with interviews to get the best result. Proper care has
been taken in the design of such questionnaires so that the persons answering these questions
do not feel hesitant. An explanatory note that serves to gain cooperation and avoid
misunderstanding by setting out the purpose of the exercise clearly accomplishes each
questionnaire.
8.2.3.3 Feasibility study

A feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability impact on
organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources. The objective of a
feasibility study is not to solve a problem but to acquire a sense of its scope. During the
study, the problem definition is crystallized and the aspects of the problem to be included in
the system are determined. After initial investigation of the system that helps to have in-
depth study of the existing system, understanding its strength and weaknesses and the
requirements for the new proposed system.
Feasibility study was done in three phases documented below.

8.2.3.3.1 Behavioral feasibility: People are inherently resistant to change and
computers have been known to facilitate change. There is always some reluctance among the
users against the introduction of new system but they were told that this system would
eliminate the unnecessary overhead of database migration and conversion, which presently
had to be carried out on daily basis to facilitate transactions between the different
departments. The objective this feasibility phase is to take the operational staff into
confidence.
8.2.3.3.2 Economic feasibility: Economic feasibility is the most frequently used
method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system. More commonly known as
cost\benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected
from a candidate system and compare them with the costs. If benefits outweigh the costs,
then the decision is made to design and implement the system. A cost\benefit analysis was
done for the proposed system to evaluate whether it would be economically viable or not.
8.2.3.3.3 Technical feasibility: Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer
system. (Hardware/software) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition also the
organization already has sufficient high-end machines to serve the processing requirements
of the proposed system. So there is no need to purchase new software as the organization has
necessary software i.e.tomcat5.0, j2ee1.4, Microsoft SQL Server or hardware to support the
proposed system
8.2.3.4 ANALYSIS PHASE
Existing System Details and Problems

8.2.3.4.1It was difficult to set the JDK information on the system in the mean time. Moreover
it was a time consuming affair if a person is new to start working with java.
• It was difficult to solve the problems those were arising during a particular
installation of the software because of hardware compatibility issues.
• Moreover there is usage an issue concerned with the software .This issue has been
resolved by the WEB-IDE by providing Integrated Environment facility to its
users.
• This system provides the feature of uploading a java file already on the local
machine of the user or he can make altogether a new java program using this
IDE and save it on his local machine also..
8.2.3.5 User Requirements
Since end users are the ones who are finally going to use the system, their requirements
need to be identified. This involves questioning the end users what their expectations were.
The main requirement of the end user is that the system should be easy to use and take less
time. In addition to these another important factor was to eliminate the need for database
conversion and migration that had to be carried out presently. After conducting interviews
with the users a document called the software requirement specification was created. This is
the most important document that forms the basis for system development. It should be
consistent, complete, unambiguous, traceable and inter-related.
This document has the following components:
• Functional Requirements: The functional requirements specify relationship
between the inputs and outputs. All the operations to be performed on the
input data to obtain output are to be specified. This includes specifying the
validity checks on the input and output data, parameters affected by the
operations and the other operations, which must be used to transform the
inputs into outputs. Functional requirements specify the behavior of the
system for valid input and outputs.
8.2.3.5.2 Performance Requirements

This section includes performance of the product that are set by user interaction and studying
the existing system of the organization. These are stated in complete measurable terms, so
that they can be verified during system evaluation phase. Some of the performance
requirements are stated below.
8.2.4 DEVELOPMENT PHASE
Effective completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success of the Development
phase. The Development phase consists of:
· Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components.
· Testing individual elements (units) for usability.
· Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.
8.2.5 INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE
Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is conducted during the
integration and test phase. The user, with those responsible for quality assurance, validates
that the functional requirements, as defined in the functional requirements document, are
satisfied by the developed or modified system. OIT Security staff assesses the system
security and issue a security certification and accreditation prior to
installation/implementation. Multiple levels of testing are performed, including:
· Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly supported by end users
· Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with contract personnel
· Operational testing by the end user alone performing all functions.
8.2.6 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the user. In this
phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions. System performance
is compared to performance objectives established during the planning phase.
Implementation includes user notification, user training, installation of hardware, installation
of software onto production computers, and integration of the system into daily work
processes.
This phase continues until the system is operating in production in accordance with the
defined user requirements.
8.2.7 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE
The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued performance in
accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications are incorporated.
Operations continue as long as the system can be effectively adapted to respond to the
organization’s needs. When modifications or changes are identified, the system may reenter
the planning phase. The purpose of this phase is to:
· Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.
· Certify that the system can process sensitive information.
· Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional requirements continue
to be satisfied.
· Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired.
8.2.8 DISPOSITION PHASE
Disposition activities ensure the orderly termination of the system and preserve the vital
information about the system so that some or all of the information may be reactivated in the
future if necessary. Particular emphasis is given to proper preservation of the data processed
by the system, so that the data can be effectively migrated to another system or archived for
potential future access in accordance with applicable records management regulations and
policies. Each system should have an interface control document defining inputs and outputs
and data exchange. Signatures should be required to verify that all dependent users and
impacted systems are aware of disposition.
9. Module Description
Primer Public School is a website based on PHP. The purpose of this project was to develop
a Student management information system to assist in the management of student records.
This project includes mainly two modules i.e. login and main page.
• Login:
10.1.1 Admin
10.1.2 User
10.1. Admin: The page required user name and password to start the application. Login is a
process by which individual access to a computer system is controlled by identifying and
authenticating the user through the cardinalities presented by the user. Admin can add update
or delete student and update result and also take attendance.
10.2 User: User can register the account by fill the information about you and click on save
button. He/she can add the account for the further enquiry of the student. The user have to
login to get more information about the school.
10.2.1 Admin
Admin level user are a admin user, if he/she login a admin panel they work on a all the pages
of the admin site like add user, update user, delete user, add city, update city, delete city etc.
Main Page:
• 10.3.1 Main Window:- The SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is great
project. This project is designed for successful completion of project on SCHOOL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. The basic building aim is to provide student service to
the city recently. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is a browser based system
that is designed to store, process, retrieve and analyze information concerned with
the administrative and inventory management within a school. This project aims for
maintaining all the information pertaining to student and teacher and help them
manage in a better way.
10.3.2 Login- The page require donor id and password to open the donor panel. Login is a
process by which individual access to a computer system is controlled by identifying and
authenticating the user through the cardinalities presented by the user. Student can change
password, update profile or view result etc.
11.Complete DFD & E-R Diagrams
11.1 INTRODUCTION ER DIAGRAM
The entity-relationship data model is based on a perception of a real world that consists of a
collection of basic objects called entities and of relationships among these objects. An entity
is an “object” in the real world that is distinguishable from other objects. For e.g. each
customer is an entity and rooms can be considered to be entities. Entities are described by a
set of attributes. For e.g. the attributes Room no. and Room type describes a particular Room
in a hotel. The set of all entities of the same type and the set of all relationships of the same
type are termed as an entity set and relationship set respectively.
The logical structure of a database can be expressed graphically by an E- R diagram
consists of the following major components:
11.1.1 Entity
Entity
An entity is an “object” in the real world that is distinguishable from all other objects. An
entity set is a set of entities of the same type that share the same attributes.
11.1.2 Weak Entity
An entity set that may not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is termed as a
weak entity set.
Entity
11.1.3 Attribute
Attributes are descriptive properties possessed by each member of an entity set.
11.1.4 Key attribute
A key attribute is the unique, distinguishing characteristic of the entity. For example, Guest
ID might be the guest’s key attribute.
11.1.5 Multivalued attribute
In an instance where an attribute has a set of values for a specific entity is called multivalued
attribute.
11.1.6 Derived attribute
In these attributes the value can be derived from the values of

other related attributes.
11.1.7 Relationships
A relationships an association among several entities.

Relationship
For e.g., we can define a relationship that associates customer Jon with Room 142.This
relationship specifies that Jon is a customer with Room No.142.
11.1.8 Recursive Relationship
In some cases, entities can be self-linked. For example, Employees can supervise other
employees in a hotel.
Employee
While using E-R diagrams, we can follow certain guidelines, which are as
follows:
• Unnecessary attributes should not be introduced.
• Entities should be merged with common attributes.
• A complex entity should be simplified by decomposing a complex attribute into sub
attribute
11.2 Data flow diagram
11.2.1 INTRODUCTION OF DFD:-
A DFD, in simple words, is a hierarchical graphical model of a system that shows the
different processing activities or functions that the system performs and the data interchange
among these functions. In the DFD terminology, it is useful to consider each function as a
process that consumes some input data and produces some output data.
The DFD (also known as the bubble chart) is a simple graphical formalism that can
be used to represent a system in terms of the input data to the system, various processing
carried out on these data, and the output data generated by the system) The main reason why
the DFD technique is so popular is probably because of the fact that DFD is a very simple
formalism- it is simple to understand and use. A DFD model uses a very limited number of
primitive symbols to represent the functions performed by a system and the data flow among
these functions. Starting with a set of high-level functions that a system performs, a DFD
model hierarchically represents various sub functions. In fact, any hierarchical model is
simple to understand. Human mind is such that it can easily understand any hierarchical
model of a system-because in a hierarchical model, starting with a very simple and abstract
model of a system; different details of the system can be slowly introduced through different
hierarchies.
11.2.2 CONTEXT DIAGRAM:
A special data flow diagram(DFD) known as context diagram that represents an entire
system as a single process and highlights the interfaces between the system and the outside
entities.
11.2.3 NEED OF DFD

DFD aim’s to capture the transformation that takes place within a system to the input data
so that eventually output is produced. It makes easier for user to understand the flow of
data.
11.2.4 Primitive Symbols Used for Constructing DFDs
SYMBOLS NAME SYMBOLS USED DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION OR Shows a part of system

PROCESS (CIRCLE) that transforms input in to
output.
EXTERNAL ENTITY Source or destination of

data flow.
DATA FLOW Shows movement of data

(ARROW) from one part of system to
another.
DATA STORE To model collection of

data at rest.
11.2.4.1 Function Symbol
A function symbol is represented as circle. This symbol is called a Process or a bubble.
Bubbles are annotated with the names of corresponding functions.
11.2.4.2 External entity Symbol

An external entity such as a manager, customer, etc. is represented by a rectangle. The
external entities are essentially those physical entities external to the software system, which
interact with the system by inputting data to the system or by consuming the data produced
by the system. In addition to the human users, the external entity symbols can be used to
represent external hardware and software such as another application software.
External
Entity
11.2.4.3 Data flow symbol
A directed arc or an arrow is used as a data flow symbol. A data flow symbol represents the
data flow occurring between two processes, or between an external entity and a process, in
the direction of the data flow arrow. Data flow symbols are usually annotated with the
corresponding data names.
11.2.4.4 Data Store Symbol
A data store represents a logical file. It is represented using two parallel lines. A logical file
can represent either a data store symbol which can represent either a data structure or a
physical file on disk. Each data store is connected to a process by means of a data flow
symbol. The direction of the data flow arrow shows whether data is being read from or
written into a data store. An arrow flowing in or out of a data store implicitly represents the
entire data of the data store and hence arrow connecting to a data store need not to be
annotated with the name of the corresponding data items.
11.2.5 DFD FOR ADMIN LOGIN

After entering to the home page of the website, admin can choose the ADMIN LOGIN
option where they are asked to enter username & password , and if he/she is a valid user then
admin login page will be displayed.
11.2.6 DFD FOR USER LOGIN
After entering to the home page of the website , student can choose the USER LOGIN
option where they are asked to enter username & password , and if he/she is a valid user then
a user login page will be displayed.
11.2.7 DFD FOR ACCOUNT CREATION

After the home page login there will be an option of CREATE AN ACCOUNT where after
entering user detail, if all the fields are filled then a request will be sent to the librarian who
will approve him as a registered member of the website.
12. SOFTWARE TESTING
Testing is the process of executing then programs with the intention of finding out errors.
During the process, the project is executed with set of test and the output of the website is
evaluated to determine if the project is performing as expected. Testing makes a logical
assumption that if all the parts of the module are correct then goal will be successfully
achieved. Testing includes after the completion of the coding phase. The project was tested
from the very beginning and also at each step by entering different type of data. In the testing
phase some mistakes were found, which did not come to knowledge at the time of coding the
project. Then changes were made in the project coding so that it may take all the relevant
data and gives the required result. All the forms were tested one by one and made all the
required changes.
Testing is vital to the success of the system. Testing makes a logical assumption that
if all the parts of the system are correct, the goal will be successfully achieved. A small
system error can conceivably explode into a much larger problem. Effective testing early in
the process translates directly into long-term cost savings from a reduced number of errors.
For the verification and validation of data various-nesting task are performed. Testing is itself
capable of finding the syntactical mistakes in the system but user need to test the system for
logical checking.
12.1 LEVELS OF TESTING:
The aim of the testing process is to identify all the defects in the website. It is not practical to
test the website with respect to each value that the input request data may assume. Testing
provides a practical way of reducing defects in the website and increasing the user’s
confidence in a developed system. Testing consists of subjecting the website to a set of test
inputs and observing if the program behaves as expected. If the program fails to Testing
behave as expected then conditions under which failure occurs are noted for later debugging
and correction. The following things are associated with testing:
Failure is a manifestation of an error. But the mere presence of an error may not necessarily
lead to a failure. A test case is the triplet [I, S, O] where I am data input to the system. S is
the state of the state of the system at which the data is input, O is the expected output of the
system A test suite is the set of all test cases with which a given software product is to be
tested.
12.2 FUCTIONAL TESTING:
Here the system is a black box whose behavior is determined by studying its inputs and
related outputs. The key problem is to select the inputs that have a huge probability of being
members of a set in many case, the selection of these test cases is based on the previous
studies.
12.3 STRUCTURAL TESTING:

A great deal can be learnt about the strength and the limitation of the application by
examinee the manner in which the system breaks. This type of testing has two limitations.
It tests failure behavior of the system circumstances may arise through an unexpected
combination of events where the node placed on the system exceeds the maximum
anticipated load.
The structure of the each module was checked at every step. Some structures were firstly
wrong, which came to notice at the time of the connectivity.
12.4 UNIT TESTING:

In unit testing the entire individual functions and modules were tested independently. By
following this strategy all the error in coding were identified and corrected. This method was
applied in combination with the white and black box testing techniques to find the errors in
each module.
Unit testing is normally considered an adjunct to the coding step. Unit test case
design was started after source level code had been developed, reviewed, and verified for
correct syntax. A review of design information provides guidance for establishing test cases
that were likely to uncover errors in each of the categories discussed above. Each test case
was coupled with a set of expected results.
12.4.1 Testing admin login form:-This form is used for log in of administrator of the
system. In this we enter the username and password if both are correct administration page
will open otherwise if any of data is wrong it will get redirected back to the login page and
again ask for username and password
Test For Admin Module
User Account Addition- In this section the admin can verify User details from student
academic info and then only add student details to main library database it contains add and
delete buttons if user click add button data will be added to student database and if he clicks
delete button the student data will be deleted
Book Addition- Admin can enter details of book and can add the details to the main book
table also he can view the books requests.
Test for User login module
Test for User login Form:-This form is used for log in of user .In this we enter the,
username and password if all these are correct User login page will open otherwise if any of
data is wrong it will get redirected back to the login page and again ask for username and
password.
Test for account creation:- This form is used for new account creation when user does not
fill the form completely it asks again to fill the whole form when he fill the form fully it gets
redirected to page which show waiting for conformation message as his data will be only
added by administrator after verification.
12.5 INTEGRITY TESTING:

Integrity phases the entire module using the bottom-up approach and tested them. Integrity
testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while at the same
time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The objective was to take
unit tested modules and build a program structure that has been dictated by design.
The testing strategy has two different approaches namely the top-down approach in
which the integration is carried out from the top-level module to the bottom and the bottom-
up approach in which the integration is carried out from the low-level module to the top.
The modules were tested using the bottom-up approach by introducing stubs for the
top-level functions. This test was used to identify the errors in the interfaces, the errors in
passing the parameters between the functions and to correct them.
There are two types of testing available:

1. Black Box Testing:-
In black box testing the structure of the program is not considered. Test cases are decided
solely on the basis of the requirements or specifications of the program or module, and the
consideration for selection of test classes. In this section, we will present some techniques for
generating test cases for black-box testing. In black-box testing, the testing only knows the
inputs that can be given to the system and what output the system can give. In other words
the basis for deciding test case in functional testing is the requirement or specification of the
system module. This form of testing is obvious functional or behavioral testing.
The most obvious functional testing procedure is exhaustive
testing, which as we have stated, is empirical. One criterion for generating test causes is to
strategy has little chance of resulting in a set of test causes that is close to optimal(i.e. that
detects the maximum errors with minimum test cases). Hence we need some other criterion
or rule for selecting test cases. There are no formal rules for designing test cases for
functional testing. In fact there are no precise criteria for selecting test cases however, there
have been found to be very successful in detecting errors. Here we mention some of these
techniques.
12.5.1.2 White Box Testing:-
In the previous section we discussed testing, which is concerned with the function that the
tested program is proposed to program and does not deal with the internal structure of the
program responsible for actually implementing that function. Those black-box testing is
concerned with functionality rather than implementation of the program. On the other hand,
white-box testing is concerned with testing implementation of the program. The intent of this
testing is not to exercise all the different input or output conditions(although that may be buy
products) but to exercise the different programming structures and data structures used in the
program. White-box testing is also called structure testing and we will use the two terms
interchangeably to test the structures of a program, structural testing aims to achieve test
cases that force the desired coverage of different structures various criteria have been
proposed for this. Unlike the criteria for functional testing which are frequently imprecise,
the criteria for structural testing are generally quite precise as they are based on program
structures, which are formal and precise.
13. Complete Snapshots
13.1 Home page- This is the home page or the main page of a School management
system. This is the main page of a client side. This page defines all about related to project.
This page also includes the gallery of the camps.
 Home
 Faculty
 Result
 Login
 Contact us
Figure 13.1 Home Page of life saver
13.2 Contact
Figure 13.2 Contact Us

13.3 Student Panel
This page is the welcome page of the donor panel. In this page include all the modules
related to Student like-
Change password
Update profile
View Result
View Attendance
Logout
Figure 13.8: Welcome to Donor Panel
13.4 Reset Password

Above snap short describe how the donor change our password .This is only used by a
Student
Figure 13.4: Reset Password
13.5 Result
Above snap short describe about result for student. This is only used by a student.
Figure 13.5: Result
13.6 Attendance
13.6.1 Today Attendance
13.6.2 Total Attendance
14. Summary and Conclusion

With the theoretical inclination of our syllabus it becomes very essential to take the atmost
advantage of any opportunity of gaining practical experience that comes along. The building
blocks of this Major Project ”School Management System” was one of these opportunities. It
gave us the requisite practical knowledge to supplement the already taught theoretical
concepts thus making us more competent as a computer engineer. The project from a
personal point of view also helped us in understanding the following aspects of project
development:
• The planning that goes into implementing a project.

• The importance of proper planning and an organized methodology.
• The key element of team spirit and co-ordination in a successful project.
The project also provided us the opportunity of interacting with our teachers and to gain from
their best experience
15. Bibliography
PHP Manual www.php.net/
https://www.google.com
http://www.w3schools.com

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A MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering

Approved By Under the Guidance of

Department Of Computer Science & Engineering

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal(M.P)

Vindhya Institute of Technology & Science

(External Examiner) (Internal Examiner)

A project like this one involves many people and

Satyam Kumar Chaurasiya (0302CS16139)

entitled “School Management System” partial fulfillment of the

3.2 Need of School Management System

3.2.3 Teacher Information

3.3 Abstract of School Management System

3.5 Our Mission

4. About Front End:

4.1 Architecture of Front End user:

4.1.2 Transparent to use

4.1.3 Flexible storage: various storage handler

• APC: shared memory, scope: single server, multiple web requests

• SQLite: memory or file, scope: single server, multiple web requests

• user (built-in): user-defined - any, scope: user-defined - any

4.1.4 Built-in slam defense to avoid overloading

4.1.5 Unique approach to caching

Reasons for using PHP

a) Learning PHP is easy

• The low cost

d) It’s Open Source, We can modify it

Basic PHP Syntax

HTML is descriptive markup language. Library of various markup languages is defined in

Syntax for defining an image:

The <form> tag is used to create an

c) Image tag (<img>) :

Syntax: <imgsrc=”URL” alt=”alternative text”>

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.

• CSS is used to design HTML tags.

• CSS is a widely used language on the web.

5. About Back End:

5.1 MySQL’s Logical Architecture

PHP Main Features of MySQL

• Works on many different platforms.

• The MySQL Server design is multi-layered with independent modules.

• Provides transactional and non-transactional storage engines.

• Uses very fast B-tree disk tables with index compression.

• A very fast thread-based memory allocation system.

• Very fast joins using an optimized one-sweep multi-join.

• In-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.

• The server is available as a separate program for use in a client/server networked

• Install WAMP by double clicking on the icon, an installation wizard will be

6. Minimum Hardware Specification:

Hard disk : 80GB or more

Monitor : 15” CRT, or LCD monitor

Keyboard : Normal or Multimedia

Mouse : Compatible mouse

6.2 Software Requirement

Back End : MS Sql Server

7.DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY USED

7.1 Reasons for using PHP