EC4 English PDF

Eurocode 4 Folder : Columns
Concrete encasement composite column with eccentric force application:
F
H
e
H
F
System:
Height h = 8,00 m
Eccentricity e = 0,15 m
Beam type = SEL("steel/profils"; Name; ) = HEB
Nominal height NH = SEL("steel/"type; NH; ) = 340
Aa = TAB("steel/"type; A; NH=NH) = 171,00 cm²
hp = TAB("steel/"type; h; NH=NH) = 340,00 mm
s= TAB("steel/"type; s; NH=NH) = 12,00 mm
t= TAB("steel/"type; t; NH=NH) = 21,50 mm
b= TAB("steel/"type; b; NH=NH) = 300,00 mm
Iya = TAB("steel/"type; Iy ; NH=NH) = 36660,00 cm4
W pa = 1.14*TAB("steel/"type; Wy ; NH=NH) = 2462,40 cm³
W pa = 2408,00 cm³
Materials:
Concrete = SEL("concrete/EC"; Name; ) = C30/37
Steel = SEL("steel/EC"; NameEN; ) = S235
Ecm = TAB("concrete/EC"; Ecm ; Name=Concrete) = 32000,00 N/mm²
fck = TAB("concrete/EC"; fck; Name=Concrete) = 30,00 N/mm²
The value for α for use in a contry should lie between 0,8 - 1,0 and me be found in a National Annex.
The Recommended Value for α is 1,0
α= 1,00
Ea = TAB("steel/EC"; E; NameEN=Steel) = 210000,00 N/mm²
fyk = TAB("steel/EC"; fy; NameEN=Steel) = 235,00 N/mm²
Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Partial safety factors:

Dead load γG = 1,35
Imposed Load γQ = 1,50
Concrete γc = 1,50
Construction steel γa = 1,10
Profile steel sheetingγap = 1,10
Longitudinal shearγvs = 1,25
Elastic modulus γ = 1,35
Load:
gk = 450,00 kN
qk = 1000,00 kN
Calculation:
NEd = gk * γ G + qk * γ Q = 2107,50 kN
MEd = NEd * e = 316,13 kNm
VEd = MEd / h = 39,52 kN
fcd = α * fck / γ c = 20,00 N/mm²
fyd = fyk / γ a = 213,64 N/mm²
Ecd = Ecm / γ = 23703,70 N/mm²
Ac = ( hp * b ) *10-2 -A a = 849,00 cm²
Iyc = ( hp ³ * b / 120000 ) - Iya = 61600,00 cm4
Local buckling of parts of the steel section:
√
235
ε= = 1,00
fyk
b/t
= 0,32 < 1
ε * 44
Load-bearing capacity of the column under centric pressure with buckling risk:
A a * fyd + A c * fcd
Npl,Rd = = 5351,24 kN
10
Structural verification procudure applicable?
A a * fyd
δ= = 0,68
10 * N pl,Rd
0.2 / δ = 0,29 < 1

δ / 0.9 = 0,76 < 1
⇒ Structural verification procudure applicable.
On the effect of lateral shear:

Av = ( 1.04 * hp * s ) * 10-2 = 42,43 cm²
A v * fyd
Vpl,Rd = = 523,35 kN
√ 3 * 10
VEd / Vpl,Rd = 0,08 < 0,5

⇒ The lateral shear force has no effect on the load-bearing capacity.

Cross section bearing capacity under pressure and single-axis bending:

Plastic limit moment at point D:
2
b * hp
W pc = - W pa = 6262,00 cm³
4000
Mmax,Rd = ( Wpa *fyd + 1/2 * Wpc * fcd ) * 10-3 = 577,07 kNm
ND = 1/20 * Ac * fcd = 849,00 kN
Plastic limit moment in points B and C:
Npm,Rd = ( Ac * fcd ) * 10-1 = 1698,00 kN
N pm,Rd
hN = = 7,80 cm
-1 -2
0,2 * b * 10 * fcd + 2 * s * 10 * ( 2 * fyd - fcd )
hN
= 0,61 ≤1
-1
( b / 2 - t ) * 10
⇒ Plastic neutral axis is in the rib!
W pan = s/10 * hN² = 73,01 cm³
W pcn = ( b * hN ² ) * 10-1 - Wpan = 1752,19 cm³
MN,Rd = (W pan * fyd + 1/2 * Wpcn * fcd )*10-3 = 33,12 kNm
The plastic limit moment in points B and C is:
Mpl,Rd = Mmax,Rd - MN,Rd = 543,95 kNm
NB = 0,00 kN
NC = 2 * ND = 1698,00 kN
Load-bearing capacity of a composite column under pressure and single-axis bending:

Npl,Rk = (A a * fyk + Ac * α * fck)*10-1 = 6565,50 kN
Effective elastic bending rigidity:

EIe = (E a * Iya + 0.8 * Ecd * Iyc) * 10-5 = 88667,18 kN/m²
Reference degree of slenderness:

2
π * EIe
Ncr = = 13673,57 kN
2
h
√
N pl,Rk
λ' = = 0,69
N cr
⇒ Long-term behaviour (creep and shrinkage) may be disregarded.
Strut curve b:
Type = SEL("comp/buck"; Desc; ) = concrete-encased profile strong axis
line = TAB("comp/buck"; line; Desc=Type) = b
κ= TAB("comp/buck"; κ ; line=line; λlat=λ') = 0,789
κd = NEd / Npl,Rd = 0,394
Proportion of edge moments r = 0,00
κN = κ*((1-r)/4) = 0,197
The resulting values for point C are:

κc = NC / Npl,Rd = 0,317
µc = 1,00
1 -κ
µk = * µc = 0,309
1 - κc

1 - κd
µd = * µk = 0,887
1 -κ
The length µ is:

µ= µ d - µ k * (κ d - κ N) / (κ - κ N) = 0,784
Structural verification of load-bearing capacity:

N Ed
= 0,50 ≤1
κ * N pl,Rd
M Ed
= 0,82 ≤1
0,9 * µ * M pl,Rd

Concrete-filled hollow section:
d
t
h
t
F
System:
Column height h = 7,00 m
Outside pipe diameter d = 273,00 mm
Pipe thickness t = 6,30 mm
Load:
gk = 500,00 kN
qk = 600,00 kN
Materials:
fck = TAB("concrete/EC"; fck; Name=Concrete)| = 30,00 N/mm²

α= 1,00

Concrete γc = 1,50
Profile steel sheeting γap = 1,10
Longitudinal shear γvs = 1,25
Concrete elastic modulus γ = 1,35

Calculation:
fyd = fyk / γ a = 322,73 N/mm²
fcd = α * fck / γ c = 20,00 N/mm²
NEd = γ G * gk + γ Q * qk = 1575,00 kN
fyd = fyk / γ a = 322,73 N/mm²
π
Aa =
400
2
(
* d -(d - 2 * t )
2
) = 52,79 cm²
π
Ia =
640000
4
(
* d -(d - 2 * t )
4
) = 4695,82 cm4
Ecd = Ecm / γ = 24296,30 N/mm²

2
π*(d - 2 * t )
Ac = = 532,56 cm²
400
4
π*(d - 2 * t )
Ic = = 22570,10 cm4
640000
Local buckling of parts of the steel section:
√
235
ε= = 0,81
fyk
()(
d
t
/ 90 * ε 2 ) = 0,73 ≤1
Structural verification of the column's load-bearing capacity:

Npl,Rd = ( Aa * fyd + Ac * fcd ) * 10-1 = 2768,81 kN
( )
Structural verification procudure applicable?
fyk
Aa *
γa
δ= = 0,62
N pl,Rd * 10
0.2 / δ = 0,32 < 1

δ / 0.9 = 0,69 < 1
⇒Structural verification procudure applicable

Npl,Rk = (A a * fyk + Ac * α * fck)*10-1 = 3471,72 kN
Effective elastic bending rigidity:

EIe = (E a * Ia + 0,8 * Ecd * Ic)*10-5 = 14248,18 kNm²
Reference degree of slenderness:

Ncr = π² * EIe / h² = 2869,87 kN
√
N pl,Rk
λ' = = 1,10
N cr
0,8
λ'g = = 2,11
(1 - δ)

λ' / λ'g = 0,52 < 1

⇒ Long-term behaviour (creep and shrinkage) may be disregarded.
Concrete-filled hollow section, therefore strut curve a
Type = SEL("comp/buck"; Desc; ) = concrete-filled hollow section
line = TAB("comp/buck"; line; Desc=Type) = a
κ= TAB("comp/buck"; κ ; line=line; λlat=λ') = 0,596
NRd = κ * Npl,Rd = 1650,21 kN
Structural verification:
NEd / NRd = 0,95 < 1
The ultimate load bearing capacity is almost completely exploited.

Eurocode 4 Folder : Floors
Composite beams - Ultimate load bearing capacity:

q
l
System:
Beam length L = 12,00 m
Beam distance s = 3,60 m
Materials:
Beam type = SEL("steel/profils"; Name; ) = IPE
A= TAB("steel/"type; A; NH=NH) = 98,80 cm²
h= TAB("steel/"type; h; NH=NH)/10 = 45,00 mm
Iy = TAB("steel/"type; Iy ; NH=NH) = 33740,00 cm4
Shear connectors ∅ 22
hb = 100,00 mm
d= 22,00 mm
Distance of shear connectors eL = 15,00 cm
Load:
g1k = 15,28 kN/m
g2k = 7,74 kN/m (after removal of temporary props)
qk = 18,00 kN/m
beff
hd
h pb
Floor thickness hd = 16,00 cm

Thickness of profile steel sheeting hpb = 5,10 cm
Material properties:
Cross section load bearing capacity at full shear connection:

beff = 2*L/8 = 3,00 m
beff = MIN(beff ;s) = 3,00 m

Working state analysis of composite beams:

Form factors:
Short term load at point of time t =0:
n0 = Ea / Ecm = 6,67
Effective component thickness:
Beam width in air u = 360,00 cm
ho = 2 * hd * u / u = 32,00 cm
Final creep value t0 =14 days
according to EC2 Appendix1 ϕ = 2,70
constant continuous load ψ A,B = 1,10
Shrinkage ψ A,S = 0,55
Creep under continuous load nϕ = n0 * ( 1+ ψ A,B * ϕ) = 26,48
Shrinkage nS = n0 * ( 1+ ψ A,S * ϕ) = 16,57
Ac = 100 * beff * ( hd - hpb ) = 3270,00 cm²
Ic = 100 * beff * ( hd - hpb )³ / 12 = 32375,72 cm²m²
z's0 =
A* ( ) (
h
2
+ hd +
Ac
n0
*
h d - h pb
2 ) = 10,99 cm
Ac
A+
n0
( ) ( ( ) ( ))
2 2
Ic -4 h Ac h d - h pb -4
Iy + * 10 + A* + hd + * * 10 = 19,96 cm²m²
n0 2 n0 2
( z' ) ( ) Ac
2
* ( -1 )
-2
* A+ = -7,11 cm²m²
s0 * 10 n0
Ii0 = 12,85 cm²m²
z'sϕ =
A* ( )
h
2
+ hd +
Ac
nϕ
* ( h d - h pb ) / 2
= 20,14 cm
A + A c / nϕ
( ) ( ( ) ( ))
2 2
Iy + * 10 + A* + hd + * * 10 = 18,51 cm²m²
nϕ 2 nϕ 2
( z's ) ( ) Ac
2
* ( -1 )
-2
* A+ = -9,02 cm²m²
ϕ * 10 nϕ
Iiphi = 9,49 cm²m²
Ii ϕ = Iiphi = 9,49 cm²m²

z'sS =
A* ( )
h
2
+ hd +
Ac
nS
* ( h d - h pb ) / 2
= 16,48 cm
A + A c / nS
( ) ( ( ) ( ))
2 2
Iy + * 10 + A* + hd + * * 10 = 18,80 cm²m²
nS 2 nS 2
( z' ) ( ) Ac
2
* ( -1 )
-2
* A+ = -8,04 cm²m²
sS * 10 nS
IiS = 10,76 cm²m²
Calculation of midspan deflection:

Release of temporary prop at point of time t =0
B= g1k * 1.25 * L/2 = 114,60 kN
fB0 = 100 * B * L³ / ( 48 * Ea /10 * Ii0 ) = 1,53 cm
Assumption: 40% of the live load as a permanent load at point of time t =0:
Ratio= 0,40
fg2,0 = 100 * 5/384 *(g2k + Ratio* qk ) * L4 / ( Ea /10 * Ii0 ) = 1,49 cm
from imposed load (short term ratio):

Ratio2 = 1 - Ratio = 0,60
fq = 100 * 5/384 * Ratio2 * qk * L4 / ( Ea /10 * Ii0 ) = 1,08 cm
From removal of temporary prop at point of time t =∞:

fB = fB0 * Ii0 / Ii ϕ = 2,07 cm
From gk2 + qpermanent at point of time t =∞:

fg2 = fg2,0 * Ii0 / Ii ϕ = 2,02 cm
From shrinkage at point of time t =∞:

Final shrinkage value εcS = 325*10-6
Nsch = (A c * Ea / nS * εcS) / 10 = 1346,88 kN

z sch = z'sS - (hd -hpb )/2 = 11,03 cm
Msch = Nsch * zsch / 100 = 148,56 kN
fsch = 100 * 1/8 * Msch * L² / ( Ea /10 * IiS ) = 1,18 cm
Maximum deflection:
max_f = fB + fg2 + fsch + fq = 6,35 cm
Recommended camber:
f0 = fB0 + fg2,0 = 3,02 cm
Maximum deflection in final state:
f= max_f - f0 = 3,33 cm
f/100 / ( L / 300 ) = 0,83 < 1
The deflection in the working state meets the required standard!

Composite floor in the final state:

q
l
System:
Steel profile with lugs; values according to manufacturer's specifications (approval )
m= 166,00
k= 0,15
Sheet thickness t = 0,86 mm
e= 17,00 mm
Stability fyp = 350,00 N/mm²
Cross section area Ap = 1562,00 N/mm²
τu,Rd = 280,00 kN/m
minimum width of concrete ribs b0 = 750,00 mm/m
Concrete:
Floor thickness ht = 14,00 cm
fctk005 = TAB("concrete/EC"; fctk05; Name=Concrete)| = 1,80 N/mm²
Influences:
Final state:
Permanent load of composite floor G1 = 3,30 kN/m
Permanent load of design loads G2 = 1,20 kN/m
Imposed load Q = 5,00 kN/m

Concrete γc = 1,50

Structural verification of the composite floor in the final state:

b= 1000,00 mm
Deflection:
MEd = ( γ G * ( G1 +G2 )+γ Q * Q) * L² / 8 = 39,10 kNm/m
Design resistance:
Ncf = (A p * fyp / γ ap )/1000 = 497,00 kN
α= 1,00
3
N cf * 10
( )
χ= = 29,82
fck
b* α*
γc
dp = 10*ht - e = 123,00 mm
d p - 0,5 * χ
Mp,Rd = N cf * = 53,72 kNm/m
3
10
MEd / Mp,Rd = 0,73 < 1
Longitudinal shear, m + k - method:

Design shear force at the footing point:
VEd = ( γ G*(G1 +G2 ) + γ Q * Q ) * L / 2 = 32,58 kN/m
Longitudinal shear resistance:
Shear length Ls = 1000 * L / 4 = 1200,00 mm
Vl,Rd =
b * dp * m *
( Ap
b * Ls
+k
)* 10
-3
= 36,02 kN/m
γ vs
VEd / Vl,Rd = 0,90 < 1
Longitudinal shear, partial shear connection ( EC4, Appendix E ):

Design value of the bond strength according to manufacturer's information:
Shear length at full shear connection η = 1,00
N cf
Lsf = = 1,77 m
-3
b * 10 * τu,Rd
Design resistance:
τRd = 0,09 * 3 √ fck = 0,26 N/mm²
kv = 1.6 - dp /1000 = 1,48 > 1
Ap = b0 * t = 645,00 mm²
Ap
ρ = = 0,007
b0 * dp
Vv,Rd = (b0 * dp * τRd * kv * ( 1.2 + 40 * ρ ))/1000 = 52,54 kN/m

VEd / Vv,Rd = 0,62 < 1

Composite beams - Ultimate load bearing capacity:
l
System:
Number of temporary props a = 1,00
Flange width b0 = 12,60 cm
Load:
g1k = 14,50 kN/m
g2k = 7,74 kN/m (Hilfsunterstützung entfernt)
qk = 18,00 kN/m
Materials:
h= TAB("steel/"type; h; NH=NH)/10 = 40,00 cm
t= TAB("steel/"type; s; NH=NH)/10 = 0,86 cm
Mpl = TAB("steel/"type; Mplyd ; NH=NH) = 289,00 kNm
Mpl = IF(Steel="S355";1,5;1)*Mpl = 433,50 kNm
Shear connectors∅ 22
hb = 100,00 mm
d= 19,00 mm
Ultimate strength fu = 450,00 N/mm²


Concrete γc = 1,50
beff
hd
h pb

Cross-sectional area of plate Ap = 15,62 kN/m
fctk005 = TAB("concrete/EC"; fctk05; Name=Concrete) = 1,80 N/mm²
fcd = fck / γ c = 16,67 N/mm²

fyd = fyk / γ a = 322,73 N/mm²
Holorib sheeting in accordance with building regulations approval:

fyp = 280,00 N/mm²
Conformation of fitness for purpose:

Stress resultants in ultimate state analysis of fitness for purpose:
rd = γ G * (g1k + g2k ) + γ Q * qk = 57,02 kN/m
MEd = rd * L² / 8 = 1026,36 kNm
VEd = rd *L / 2 = 342,12 kN
Cross section load bearing capacity with full shear connection:

beff = 2*L/8 = 3,00 m
beff = MIN(beff ; s) = 3,00 m
Av = 1.04 * h * t = 35,78 cm²
Npl,a,Rd = A * fyd / 10 = 2727,07 kN
Ncd = 0,85 * fcd * 100 * beff * ( hd - hpb ) = 46334,26 kN
αc = 1,00
z pl = Npl,a,Rd / ( 10 * α c * fcd * beff ) = 5,45 cm
⇒ The plastic neutral axis is in the concrete chord above the profile steel sheeting.

Distance to centre of gravity:

a= h / 2 + hd - zpl / 2 = 33,27 cm
⇒ Mpl,Rd = Npl,a,Rd * a / 100 = 907,30 kNm
Vpl,Rd = Av * fyk / ( 10 * √(3) * γ a ) = 666,68 kN
Structural verifications:
MEd / Mpl,Rd = 1,13 < 1
VEd / Vpl,Rd = 0,51 < 1
Longitudinal shear load capacity and shear connection:

hb / d = 5,26 > 4 -> shear connectors are ductile
α= IF(hb /d>4; 1; 0.2 * ((hb /d)+1)) = 1,00
Marginal force of a shear connector:
2
0,8 * fu * π * d
PRd1 = = 81,66 kN
3
4 * γ vs * 10
PRd2 =
( 0,29 * α * d *
2 √ fck * E cm
γ vs ) * 10
-3
= 73,13 kN
PRd = MIN( PRd1 ; PRd2 ) = 73,13 kN

single-row:
( )
Nr = 1,00 (one row of shear connectors)
-1
0,7 b0 h b * 10
k t1 = * * -1 = 1,66
√ Nr h pb h pb
k t2 = 0,85
kt = MIN ( kt1 ; k t2 ) = 0,85
PRd1 = k t * PRd = 62,16 kN
double-row:
( )
Nr = 2,00 (two rows of shear connectors)
-1
0,7 b0 h b * 10
k t1 = * * -1 = 1,17
√ Nr h pb h pb
k t2 = 0,70
kt = MIN ( kt1 ; k t2 ) = 0,70
PRd2 = k t * PRd = 51,19 kN
Possible shear connector configurations:

7 pairs of shear connectors at the end of the beam Anzp = 7,00
33 individual shear connectors in the span Anze = 33,00
aufn_V = Anze * PRd1 + 2 * Anzp * PRd2 = 2767,94 kN
Npl,a,Rd / aufn_V = 0,99 < 1

Structural verification against diagonal strut failure according to NAD for Germany:
Acv = 100 * ( hd - hpb ) = 1090,00 N/m
Normal concrete η = 1,00
0,2 * A cv * η * fck
ν Rd,2 = = 363,33 kN/m
γ c * 10
P Rd1
ν Ed = = 414,40 kN/m
-2
e L * 10
ν Ed,li = ν Ed *1/2 = 207,20 kN/m
ν Ed,li / ν Rd,2 = 0,57 < 1
This calculation disregards the input from profile steel sheeting!
Cross reinforcement necessary:

NAD τRd = 0,09 * 3 √ fck = 0,26 MN/mm²
A p * fyp
ν pd = = 397,60 kN/m
γ ap * 10
ν Rd,3 = 2.5 * Acv * η * ( τRd / 10 ) + ν pd = 468,45 kN/m
Structural verification of diagonal strut:

ν Ed,li / ν Rd,3 = 0,44 < 1
Working state analysis of composite beams:

Form factors:
Short term load at point of time t =0:
n0 = Ea / Ecm = 6,89
Effective component thickness:
Beam width in air u = 360,00 cm
ho = 2 * hd *u / u = 32,00 cm
Final creep value t0 =14 days
according to EC2 Appendix1 ϕ = 2,70
Creep under continuous load nϕ = n0 * 3 = 20,67
Shrinkage and creep nS = n0 * 2 = 13,78
Ac = 100 * beff * ( hd - hpb ) = 3270,00 cm²
Ic = 100 * beff * ( hd - hpb )³ / 12 = 32375,72 cm²m²

z's0 =
A* ( ) (
h
2
+ hd +
Ac
n0
*
h d - h pb
2 ) = 10,07 cm
Ac
A+
n0
( ) ( ( ) ( ))
2 2
Iy + * 10 + A* + hd + * * 10 = 15,14 cm²m²
n0 2 n0 2
( z' ) ( ) Ac
2
* ( -1 )
-2
* A+ = -5,67 cm²m²
s0 * 10 n0
Ii0 = 9,47 cm²m²
z'sϕ =
A* ( ) h
2
+ hd +
Ac
nϕ
* ( h d - h pb ) / 2
= 16,09 cm
A + A c / nϕ
( ) ( ( ) ( ))
2 2
Iy + * 10 + A* + hd + * * 10 = 13,89 cm²m²
nϕ 2 nϕ 2
( z's ) ( ) Ac
2
* ( -1 )
-2
* A+ = -6,28 cm²m²
ϕ * 10 nϕ
Iiphi = 7,61 cm²m²
Ii ϕ = Iiphi = 7,61 cm²m²
z'sS =
A* ( ) h
2
+ hd +
Ac
nS
* ( h d - h pb ) / 2
= 13,47 cm
A + A c / nS
( ) ( ( ) ( ))
2 2
Iy + * 10 + A* + hd + * * 10 = 14,20 cm²m²
nS 2 nS 2
( z' ) ( ) Ac
2
* ( -1 )
-2
* 10 * A+ = -5,84 cm²m²
sS nS
IiS = 8,36 cm²m²

Calculation of midspan deflection:

Release of temporary prop at point of time t =0
B= g1k * 1,25 * L/2 = 108,75 kN
2 3
10 * B * L
fB0 = = 1,97 cm
-1
48 * E a * 10 * Ii0
Assumption: 40% of the live load as a permanent load at point of time t =0:
Ratio= 0,40
5 2 4
* 10 * ( g 2k + Ratio * q k ) * L
384
fg2,0 = = 2,03 cm
-1
E a * 10 * Ii0
f0 = fB0 + fg2,0 = 4,00 cm
from imposed load (short term ratio):

Ratio2 = 1 - Ratio = 0,60
5 2 4
* 10 * ( Ratio2 * q k ) * L
384
fq = = 1,47 cm
-1
E a * 10 * Ii0
From removal of temporary prop at point of time t =∞:
fB = fB0 * Ii0 / Ii ϕ = 2,45 cm
From gk2 + qpermanent at point of time t =∞:

fg2 = fg2,0 * Ii0 / Ii ϕ = 2,53 cm
fd = fB + fg2 = 4,98 cm
Creep under continuous load only:

fk = fd - f0 = 0,98 cm
From shrinkage at point of time t =∞:

Final shrinkage value εcS = 325*10-6
Nsch = (A c * Ea / nS * εcS) / 10 = 1619,58 kN
z sch = z'sS - (hd -hpb )/2 = 8,02 cm
Msch = Nsch * zsch / 100 = 129,89 kN
1 2 2
* M sch * 10 * L
8
fsch = = 1,33 cm
-1
E a * 10 * IiS
Maximum deflection:
max_f = fB + fg2 + fsch + fq = 7,78 cm
Recommended camber:
f0 = fB0 + fg2,0 = 4,00 cm
Maximum deflection in final state:

f= max_f - f0 = 3,78 cm

f L
/ = 0,79 ≤1
100 250
The deflection in the working state meets the required standard!
Vibration behaviour:
√
2
10 * π E a * Ii0
ω= * = 20,69 (1/s)
L
2 ( g 1k + g 2k ) * 10 * 9,81
ω
f= = 3,29 Hz
2*π
The natural frequency should be no less than 3 Hz.
For sports or dance halls, it should be no less than 5 Hz.

POS.: Composite beams - Ultimate load bearing capacity:

q
l
System:
Number of temporary props a = 1,00
Flange width b0 = 12,60 cm
Materials:
h= TAB("steel/"type; h; NH=NH)/10 = 45,00 cm
t= TAB("steel/"type; s; NH=NH)/10 = 0,94 cm
Mpl = TAB("steel/"type; Mplyd ; NH=NH) = 373,00 kNm
Mpl = IF(Steel="S355";1,5;1)*Mpl = 559,50 kNm
Shear connectors∅ 22
hb = 100,00 mm
d= 22,00 mm
Ultimate strength fu = 450,00 N/mm²
Load:
gk1 = 15,28 kN/m
gk2 = 7,74 kN/m (after removal of temporary props)
qk = 18,00 kN/m


Concrete γc = 1,50
beff
hd
h pb

Cross-sectional area of plate Ap = 15,62 kN/m
fctk005 = TAB("concrete/EC"; fctk05; Name=Concrete) = 1,80 N/mm²
fcd = fck / γ c = 16,67 N/mm²

fyd = fyk / γ a = 322,73 N/mm²
Holorib sheeting in accordance with building regulations approval:
fyp = 280,00 N/mm²
Conformation of fitness for purpose:

Stress resultants in ultimate state analysis of fitness for purpose:
rd = γ G * ( gk1 + gk2 ) + γ Q * qk = 58,08 kN/m
MEd = rd * L² / 8 = 1045,44 kNm
VEd = rd *L / 2 = 348,48 kN
Cross section load bearing capacity with full shear connection:

beff = 2*L/8 = 3,00 m
beff = MIN(beff ; s) = 3,00 m
Av = 1.04 * h * t = 43,99 cm²
Npl,a,Rd = A * fyd / 10 = 3188,57 kN

Ncd = 0.85 * fcd * 10 * beff * ( hd - hpb ) = 4633,43 kN
αc = 1,00
z pl = Npl,a,Rd / ( 10 * α c * fcd * beff ) = 6,38 cm
⇒ The plastic neutral axis is in the concrete chord above the profile steel sheeting.

Distance to centre of gravity:

a= h / 2 + hd - zpl / 2 = 35,31 cm
⇒ Mpl,Rd = Npl,a,Rd * a / 100 = 1125,88 kNm
A v * fyk
Vpl,Rd = = 819,65 kN
10 * √ 3 * γ a
Structural verifications:
MEd / Mpl,Rd = 0,93 < 1
VEd / Vpl,Rd = 0,43 < 1
Longitudinal shear capacity and shear connection:

hb / d = 4,55 > 4 -> shear connectors are ductile
α= IF(hb /d>4; 1; 0.2 * ((hb /d)+1)) = 1,00
Marginal force of a shear connector:
2
0,8 * fu * π * d
PRd1 = = 109,48 kN
3
4 * γ vs * 10
PRd2 =
( 0,29 * α * d *
2 √ fck * E cm
γ vs ) * 10
-3
= 98,05 kN
PRd = MIN( PRd1 ; PRd2 ) = 98,05 kN
( )
Number of rows of shear connectors Nr = 1,00
-1
0,7 b0 h b * 10
k t1 = * * -1 = 1,66
√ Nr h pb h pb
k t2 = 0,75
kt = MIN ( kt1 ; k t2 ) = 0,75
PRd = k t * PRd = 73,54 kN
Required number of shear connectors for full shear connection:
req_n = Npl,a,Rd / PRd + 0.49 = 44
prov_n = 100*L/2/eL +0.49 = 40
because: req_n / prov_n = 1,10 is a partial connection
The maximum transferrable concrete compression force is:
Nc = prov_n * PRd = 2941,60 kN
Degree of shear connection η = Nc / Npl,a,Rd = 0,92 < 1
Reduced plastic bending moment, calculated with linear interpolation:

MRd = Mpl + η * ( Mpl,Rd - Mpl ) = 1080,57 kNm
MEd / MRd = 0,97 < 1
Note: No reduction in interaction, because maximum moment and maximum lateral shear force do
not occur in the same place.

Shear connector configurations permissible?

a) Cross section class 1 or 2 ⇒ OK
b) req_η = 0.25 + 0.03 * L = 0,61
req_η/η = 0,66 < 1
c)
Mpl,Rd / ( 2.5 * Mpl ) = 0,80 < 1
All conditions a-c have to be met!
Connection of lateral concrete chord:

Lateral shear::
ν Ed = PRd / ( eL / 100 ) = 490,27 kN/m
Relevant:
ν Ed,li = ν Ed * 1 / 2 = 245,13 kN/m
Acv = ( hd - hpb ) * 100 = 1090,00 cm²/m
Normal concrete η = 1,00
ν Rd,2 = 0.2 * Acv * η * fck / ( γ c *10 ) = 363,33 kN/m
Structural verification against diagonal strut failure:

ν Ed,li / ν Rd,2 = 0,67 < 1
This calculation disregards the input from profile steel sheeting!
EC4 τRd1 = 0.25 * fctk005 / γ c = 0,30 MN/mm²

NAD τRd2 = 0,09 * 3 √ fck = 0,26 MN/mm²
τRd = MIN ( τRd1 ; τRd2 ) = 0,26 MN/mm²
ν pd = Ap * fyp /( γ ap * 10 ) = 397,60 kN/m
ν Rd,3 = 2.5 * Acv * η * ( τRd / 10 ) + ν pd = 468,45 kN/m
Structural verification of diagonal strut:

ν Ed,li / ν Rd,3 = 0,52 < 1
The cross reinforcement has been ignored in this calculation.
In the construction, provision should be made for 0.2% or the relevant cross section area Acv that
may also be taken into account as part of the bending reinforcement to absorb the negative moment
(moment at support) of the transversal continuous composite floor.

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Eurocode 4 Folder : Columns

Concrete encasement composite column with eccentric force application:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Partial safety factors:

Local buckling of parts of the steel section:

0.2 / δ = 0,29 < 1

On the effect of lateral shear:

VEd / Vpl,Rd = 0,08 < 0,5

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Cross section bearing capacity under pressure and single-axis bending:

Load-bearing capacity of a composite column under pressure and single-axis bending:

Effective elastic bending rigidity:

Reference degree of slenderness:

The resulting values for point C are:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

The length µ is:

Structural verification of load-bearing capacity:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Concrete-filled hollow section:

Ea = TAB("steel/EC"; E; NameEN=Steel) = 210000,00 N/mm²

Partial safety factors:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Ecd = Ecm / γ = 24296,30 N/mm²

Local buckling of parts of the steel section:

Structural verification of the column's load-bearing capacity:

0.2 / δ = 0,32 < 1

⇒Structural verification procudure applicable

Effective elastic bending rigidity:

Reference degree of slenderness:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

λ' / λ'g = 0,52 < 1

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Composite beams - Ultimate load bearing capacity:

Floor thickness hd = 16,00 cm

Cross section load bearing capacity at full shear connection:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Working state analysis of composite beams:

Ii0 = 12,85 cm²m²

Iiphi = 9,49 cm²m²

Ii ϕ = Iiphi = 9,49 cm²m²

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

IiS = 10,76 cm²m²

Calculation of midspan deflection:

from imposed load (short term ratio):

From removal of temporary prop at point of time t =∞:

From gk2 + qpermanent at point of time t =∞:

From shrinkage at point of time t =∞:

Nsch = (A c * Ea / nS * εcS) / 10 = 1346,88 kN

The deflection in the working state meets the required standard!

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Composite floor in the final state:

Partial safety factors:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Structural verification of the composite floor in the final state:

Longitudinal shear, m + k - method:

Longitudinal shear, partial shear connection ( EC4, Appendix E ):

Vv,Rd = (b0 * dp * τRd * kv * ( 1.2 + 40 * ρ ))/1000 = 52,54 kN/m

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Composite beams - Ultimate load bearing capacity: