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    Design Steps

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Hassan
    This document discusses the key design considerations for packed column absorbers and strippers. Some important factors to consider include operating pressure and temperature, choice of absorbent, number of equilibrium stages, heat effects, type of packing material, height and diameter of the column. The document provides equations to calculate the number of theoretical stages, column height, and diameter based on parameters like gas and liquid flow rates, absorption factor, and desired pressure drop.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Design Steps

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Hassan
    42 views5 pages
    This document discusses the key design considerations for packed column absorbers and strippers. Some important factors to consider include operating pressure and temperature, choice of absorbent, number of equilibrium stages, heat effects, type of packing material, height and diameter of the column. The document provides equations to calculate the number of theoretical stages, column height, and diameter based on parameters like gas and liquid flow rates, absorption factor, and desired pressure drop.

    Original Title

    DESIGN STEPS

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    This document discusses the key design considerations for packed column absorbers and strippers. Some important factors to consider include operating pressure and temperature, choice of absorbent, number of equilibrium stages, heat effects, type of packing material, height and diameter of the column. The document provides equations to calculate the number of theoretical stages, column height, and diameter based on parameters like gas and liquid flow rates, absorption factor, and desired pressure drop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views5 pages

    Design Steps

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Hassan
    This document discusses the key design considerations for packed column absorbers and strippers. Some important factors to consider include operating pressure and temperature, choice of absorbent, number of equilibrium stages, heat effects, type of packing material, height and diameter of the column. The document provides equations to calculate the number of theoretical stages, column height, and diameter based on parameters like gas and liquid flow rates, absorption factor, and desired pressure drop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Important Conditions

     Pressure of the column.

     Temperature of entering liquid and gas streams.

     Humidity of the gas stream.

     Ratio of the liquid and gas stream rates.

    General Design Steps


    1. Entering gas (liquid) flowrate, composition, temperature, and pressure

    2. Desired degree of recovery of one or more solutes

    3. Choice of absorbent/(stripping agent)

    4. Operating pressure and temperature

    5. Number of equilibrium stages

    6. Heat effects and need for cooling

    7. Type of absorber (stripper)

    8. Height of absorber (stripper)

    9. Diameter of absorber (stripper)

    10 Costing
    Packed Column Design (Absorber/Stripper)
    1. Entering gas (liquid) flow rate, composition, temperature, and pressure

    Set from the preceding unit operation.

    2. Desired degree of recovery of one or more solutes

     set by the designer.

     It may be a recovery to ensure product purity requirements

     To satisfy a purity requirement if the recovered solute is a feed stream to another unit.

    3. Choice of absorbent/(stripping agent)

    Ideal absorbent should:

     have a high solubility for the solute(s)

     have a low volatility to reduce loss of absorbent

     be noncorrosive

     have a low viscosity to provide a low pressure drop

     be nontoxic

     be available and not expensive

    4. Operating pressure and temperature

    In general , operating pressure should be high and temperature low for an absorber, to
    minimize:

     stage requirements

     absorbent flow rate

     the equipment volume required to accommodate the gas flow


    5. Number of equilibrium stages

    Nt= [ln [(1-A-1)(y1-y2°)/(y2-y2°)+A-1]] / ln (A)

    where A absorption factor = L'/mG'

    y1 mole fraction of solute in entering gas

    y2 mole fraction of solute in exiting gas

    y2° mole fraction of solute in equilibrium with


    incoming

    E = Nt / Na

    Where E stage efficiency

    Na actual number of stages

    Nt theoretical number stages

    6. Heat effects and need for cooling

     the heat of solution of the solute

     the heat of vaporization or condensation of the solvent

     the change of the sensible heat between the gas and the liquid phases

     the loss of sensible heat form the fluids to internal and external cooling coils or to the
    atmosphere via the tower walls

    They direct whether the temperature along the absorber/stripper temperature will change or
    not.
    7. Type of absorber (stripper)

    Absorption and stripping are frequently conducted in packed columns, particularly when:

     the required column diameter is less than 2 ft;

     the pressure drop must be low, as for a vacuum service

     Corrosion considerations favor the use of ceramic or polymeric materials

     Low liquid holdup is desirable.

    8. Height of absorber (stripper)

    Height of the column is based on the

     number of trays

     tray spacing

     The end lengths to allow the vapor and liquid to disengage(10 ft or 15 % extra)

    H (ft) = S N + end length

    9. Diameter of
    absorber (stripper)

    Packing Selection

    Generally, the
    column diameter to
    packing size ratio
    should be greater
    than :

     30 for Raschig rings,

     15 for ceramic
    saddles,
     10 for rings or plastic saddles. 

    Calculate Gas flux against Selected Pressure Drop

    Absorbers and Strippers = 0.2 to 0.6 in water / ft packing


                                          = 16 to 48 mm water / m packing

     Ax = Vapor Flow / G

     Diameter = [Ax / (PI/4)]0.5

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