Jet Grouting

Ground Improvement By
Jet Grouting Method
By –
Tanmay Gupta
Arnab Sur
Baljeet Singh
Course Instructor –
Dr. Tanusree Chakraborty
Contents -
• Jet Grouting Process
• Applications of Jet Grout Process
• Strength / Improvement Measurement
• Case Study
Jet Grouting Process
What is Jet Grouting –

The jet grouting process is
recognized as a cement soil
stabilization. With the aid of high
pressure cutting jets of water or
cement suspension having a
nozzle exit velocity ≥ 100 m/sec
the soil around the borehole is
eroded.
The eroded soil is rearranged and
mixed with the cement
suspension. The soil-cement mix is
partly flushed out to the top of the
borehole through the annular
space between the jet grouting
rods and the bore-hole.
Jet Grouting is also called Soilcrete.

The name “Soilcrete” derives from the
concept “soil” to “concrete” a form of soil
with a concrete consistence, a description
that characterizes the type of soil
stabilization.
Different Methods of Jet Grouting –

There are three Jet Grouting methods. Selection of the most
appropriate method is generally determined by the soil
conditions, the geometry of the element to be constructed and
the application.
• Single fluid jet grouting

• Double fluid jet grouting
• Triple fluid jet grouting
Single fluid jet grouting

The grout directly fulfils three
distinctive functions - (a) breaking
down the soil matrix, (b) removal
of excess material and (c) mixing
with the soil.
This process is used for small to
medium sized jet grout columns.
Double fluid jet grouting

A two-phase internal fluid system
with a coaxial air-jet supply line
around the grout-jet supply in
order to increase the efficiency of
the mixing process and range of
action of the slurry.
Air-jetting also improves, thanks to
an air-lifting effect, the extraction
of the spoils along the drilling rod.
This process is mainly used for
panel walls, underpinning and
sealing slabs.
Triple fluid jet grouting

Coaxial air and high-velocity water
are used to erode the soil structure
with an additional improvement
through partial substitution of the
finest soil particles.
Cement grout is then injected
through independent nozzles
located below the water/air jets.
This process is used for
underpinning works, cut off walls
and sealing slabs and is mainly used
for the treatment of cohesive soils.
Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-4

Drilling Jetting Grouting Extension
Construction Forms
The basic geometric form of
soilcrete elements is created by
managing movements of drill rods.
Triple fluid
jet grouting
Jet Grouting Applications
Jet Grouting offers a very wide range of applications. Some of

them are listed below –
• Ground improvement under uniform loading (heavy storage
platforms, embankments) or under localized loads (building
footings, bridge piers).
• Impervious cut-off wall/impervious bottom for deep excavations
can be formed with Jet-Grout panels.
• Retaining walls using secant Jet-Grout columns designed as
gravity walls or retaining walls.
• Underpinning (settlement mitigation, excavation of additional
underground floors under existing building, excavation along
existing structures).
• Tunnel pre-arching structures
• Reinforcement of soils where existing utility lines and burred
structures are present.
Underpinning:
Underpinning by means of low
deformation gravity walls sometimes
also used as a ground water seepage
barrier, may be safely constructed
even from confined working areas.
Foundation Restoration:
Historical buildings may be endangered
in the event of settlements occurring.
Jet Grouting provides a safe foundation
with the maximum structural
protection.
Foundation Modification:
Changes in utilizations or modifications
of buildings often require an
enlargement or alteration of the
foundation. Jet Grouting is an
economical and flexible solution for
this task.
Deep Foundation:
Jet Grouting is used for new
foundations which require special care
in view of nearby existing structures
such as historical buildings and other
shock-sensitive constructions.
Tunnel Protection:
Tunnel protection is mainly constructed
in loose soils below or close to
endangered structures, sometimes
with the aim of reducing the
groundwater ingress into the tunnel
excavation.
Tunnel Arch Formation:

Horizontal Jet Grout Columns are
constructed to form the temporary
arch of a tunnel excavation.
Tunnel Arch Formation:

Shaft Supports:
Shafts with intersecting Jet Grouted
columns are constructed if a vibration
free installation is required and/or the
shafts enter into groundwater bearing
strata.
Earth Pressure Relief:

Structures exposed to earth pressures,
such as historical walls, abutments
may be relieved by the addition of Jet
Grouted Supports.
Dam sealing:
Jet Grouting may be used to repair
dam cores or enlarge cut-off walls in or
below dams.
Sealing slabs:
Sealing slabs are constructed by means
of overlapping columns within an uplift
proof depth. The sealing slabs may be
connected to any kind of vertical
sealing systems.
Jet Grouting Application - Underpinning
Jet Grouting Application - Shaft Construction
Jet Grouting Application – Tunnel Arch
Achieved Strength of Grout / Soilcrete
Achieved Strength of Grout

Achieved Strength of Soilcrete mainly depends on soil type and

cement content per volume of jet grout slurry.
The compressive strength of Soilcrete ranges from 2 to 25 N/mm2
and is determined by the cement content and the remaining portion
of the soil in the Soilcrete mass.
The sealing effect of Soilcrete against water ingress is achieved by
selecting a suitable grout suspension and if necessary by the
addition of bentonite. The type and quantity of the injected grout
material as well as the kind and volume of the remaining soil
particles in the Soilcrete mass guiding the sealing properties.
Field Tests –
(1) Core Drilling and Sampling
Core is collected from the jet grouted soil by drilling. The
Compressive Strength and Stiffness of the collected core is
determined using Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)
test.
(2) Visual Inspection

The test columns are excavated down to 2-3 m from the
working platform level. The columns are inspected and the
diameters of the column are measured at every 500 mm.
(3) Integrity Testing

Integrity tests are performed 1 in every 20 production jet grout
columns to assess the length and the integrity of the columns.
However, in the interpretation of the integrity test results, it is
observed that there is a difficulty in receiving clear toe reflections
since the modulus of elasticity of a jet grout columns is very close to
that of the soil layers.
Case Study
Case Study
TEESTA DAM PROJECT

Case Study
TEESTA DAM PROJECT

Case Study
TEESTA DAM PROJECT

Case Study
Project - Construction of Underpass by using “Blade Shield Tunneling Method”

at northern end of Dumdum station under six Eastern Railway suburban tracks
at a skew angle with a cushion varying from 1 to 3 meters.
Blade Shield Tunneling is a system of Tunneling on soft soil constructed by

a number of Moveable Steel blades (Front & Rear) supported on two numbers
of circular shaped Iron rings connected with the steel plates covering the entire
circumference called as Shield. RCC rings is cast in situ inside the Rear blades
to form tunnel.
Design and Construction done by – Eastern Railway

Construction Period – 1987 to 1989
Planned Excavation Method
Case Study
Complications Faced –
Due to soft soil, the automatic nose dive tendency of shield could not be
controlled to the correct alignment/level of the tunnel for which the
tunneling works was stopped after execution of 18 meter length. The
front face of the shield was dipped into (Nose Dived) the soil.
Identified Cause and Remedy –

After necessary soil test, it was identified that the bearing capacity of the
soil at the bottom of Tunnel ring was not sufficient to carry such huge
load of the Shield assemble including the RCC tunnel rings. Hence it was
decided to provide Jet Grout piles through out the length of tunnel for the
improvement/increase the bearing capacity of the soil.
Case Study
• The nose dived shield was lifted up by hydraulic jack supported on RCC
pile cap on cement grout piles driven inside the ring area.
• On improved Bearing capacity of the soil mass throughout the stretches,

RCC tunnel had been completed successfully without any hindrance.
References
1) A Case Study: Two-fluid jet grouting for Tunneling Application – Soil stabilization and
permeability reduction By Marcelo Chuaqui, Frank Hu, Naresh Gurpersaud and Daniel
Lees.
2) News Letter, Indian Concrete Institute, Vol.-15 , No.-14, March, 2012.
3) Jet Grouting and Soil Mixing for Increased Lateral Pile Group Resistance by Kyle M.
Rollins, Mark Herbst, Matthew Adsero, and Dan Brown.
4) www.KellerGrundbau.com
5) STRENGTH & STIFFNESS PARAMETERS OF JET GROUTING

COLUMNS : FULL SCALE TEST AMSTERDAM By Almer E.C. van der Stoel, Harro J. van Ree
6) www.haywardbaker.com
7) www.soletanche-bachy.com
Thanks for your attention

Jet Grouting

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Jet Grouting

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Jet Grouting

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the different methods of jet grouting?

What are the different methods of jet grouting?

What are the steps involved in the jet grouting process?

What are the steps involved in the jet grouting process?

Ground Improvement By

Jet Grouting Method

• Applications of Jet Grout Process

• Strength / Improvement Measurement

What is Jet Grouting –

Jet Grouting is also called Soilcrete.

Different Methods of Jet Grouting –

• Single fluid jet grouting

Single fluid jet grouting

Double fluid jet grouting

Triple fluid jet grouting

Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-4

Jet Grouting offers a very wide range of applications. Some of

Tunnel Arch Formation:

Tunnel Arch Formation:

Earth Pressure Relief:

Achieved Strength of Grout

Achieved Strength of Soilcrete mainly depends on soil type and

(2) Visual Inspection

(3) Integrity Testing

TEESTA DAM PROJECT

TEESTA DAM PROJECT

TEESTA DAM PROJECT

Project - Construction of Underpass by using “Blade Shield Tunneling Method”

Blade Shield Tunneling is a system of Tunneling on soft soil constructed by

Design and Construction done by – Eastern Railway

Identified Cause and Remedy –

• On improved Bearing capacity of the soil mass throughout the stretches,

5) STRENGTH & STIFFNESS PARAMETERS OF JET GROUTING

You might also like