In Trigonometry formulas, we will learn about the basic formulas used to solve trigonometric

problems such as trigonometric ratios (sin, cos, tan, sec, cosec & tan), Pythagorean identities,
product identities, etc. Some of the formulas including the sign of ratios in different quadrants, 
involving cofunction identities (shifting angles), sum & difference identities, double angle
identities, half-angle identities, etc. are also given here in a brief.
Learning these formulas will help students of Class 10, 11 and 12 to score good marks in this
concept. They can find the trigonometry table along with inverse trigonometry formulas to solve
the problems based on them.
 Below is the link is given to download the pdf format of Trigonometry formulas for free so that
students can learn them offline too.

Trigonometry Formulas List

When we learn about trigonometric formulas, we consider it for right-angled triangles
only. In a right-angled triangle, we have 3 sides namely – Hypotenuse, Opposite side
(Perpendicular) and Adjacent side (Height). The longest side is known as the hypotenuse, the
side opposite to the angle is perpendicular and the side where both hypotenuse and opposite
side rests is the adjacent side.
Here is the list of formulas for trigonometry.

 Basic Formulas
 Reciprocal Identities
 Trigonometry Table
 Periodic Identities
 Co-function Identities
 Sum and Difference Identities
 Double Angle Identities
 Triple Angle Identities
 Half Angle Identities
 Product Identities
 Sum to Product Identities
 Inverse Trigonometry Formulas

Basic Formulas
There are basically 6 ratios used for finding the elements in Trigonometry. They are called
trigonometric functions. The six trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, secant, co-secant,
tangent and co-tangent.
By using a right-angled triangle as a reference, the trigonometric functions or identities are
derived:

 sin θ = Opposite Side/Hypotenuse
 sec θ = Hypotenuse/Adjacent Side
  cos θ = Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse
 tan θ = Opposite Side/Adjacent Side
 cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Opposite Side
 cot θ = Adjacent Side/Opposite Side

Reciprocal Identities
The Reciprocal Identities are given as:

 cosec θ = 1/sin θ
 sec θ = 1/cos θ
 cot θ = 1/tan θ
 sin θ = 1/cosec θ
 cos θ = 1/sec θ
 tan θ = 1/cot θ
All these are taken from a right angled triangle. With the length and base side of the right
triangle given, we can find out the sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant and cotangent
values using trigonometric formulas. The reciprocal trigonometric identities are also derived
by using the trigonometric functions.

Trigonometry Table
Below is the table for trigonometry formulas for angles which are commonly used for solving
problems.

Angles (In Degrees) 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°

Angles (In Radians) 0° π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2 2π

sin 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1 0 -1 0

cos 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0 -1 0 1

tan 0 1/√3 1 √3 ∞ 0 ∞ 0

cot ∞ √3 1 1/√3 0 ∞ 0 ∞

csc ∞ 2 √2 2/√3 1 ∞ -1 ∞

sec 1 2/√3 √2 2 ∞ -1 ∞ 1

Periodicity Identities (in Radians)

These formulas are used to shift the angles by π/2, π, 2π, etc. They are also called cofunction
identities.

 sin (π/2 – A) = cos A & cos (π/2 – A) = sin A

  sin (π/2 + A) = cos A & cos (π/2 + A) = – sin A
 sin (3π/2 – A)  = – cos A & cos (3π/2 – A)  = – sin A
 sin (3π/2 + A) = – cos A & cos (3π/2 + A) = sin A
 sin (π – A) = sin A &  cos (π – A) = – cos A
 sin (π + A) = – sin A & cos (π + A) = – cos A
 sin (2π – A) = – sin A & cos (2π – A) = cos A
 sin (2π + A) = sin A & cos (2π + A) = cos A
All trigonometric identities are cyclic in nature. They repeat themselves after this periodicity
constant. This periodicity constant is different for different trigonometric identity. tan 45 =
tan 225 but this is true for cos 45 and cos 225. Refer to the above trigonometry table to verify
the values.

Cofunction Identities (in Degrees)

The cofunction or periodic identities can also be represented in degrees as:

 sin(90°−x) = cos x
 cos(90°−x) = sin x
 tan(90°−x) = cot x
 cot(90°−x) = tan x
 sec(90°−x) = csc x
 csc(90°−x) = sec x

Sum & Difference Identities

 sin(x+y) = sin(x)cos(y)+cos(x)sin(y)
 cos(x+y) = cos(x)cos(y)–sin(x)sin(y)
 tan(x+y) = (tan x + tan y)/ (1−tan x •tan y)
 sin(x–y) = sin(x)cos(y)–cos(x)sin(y)
 cos(x–y) = cos(x)cos(y) + sin(x)sin(y)
 tan(x−y) = (tan x–tan y)/ (1+tan x • tan y)

Double Angle Identities

 sin(2x) = 2sin(x) • cos(x) = [2tan x/(1+tan  x)]

2

 cos(2x) = cos (x)–sin (x) = [(1-tan  x)/(1+tan  x)]

2 2 2 2

 cos(2x) = 2cos (x)−1 = 1–2sin (x)

2 2

 tan(2x) = [2tan(x)]/ [1−tan (x)]
2

 sec (2x) = sec x/(2-sec  x)

2  2

 csc (2x) = (sec x. csc x)/2

Triple Angle Identities

 Sin 3x = 3sin x – 4sin x 3

 Cos 3x = 4cos x-3cos x

3

 Tan 3x = [3tanx-tan x]/[1-3tan x]

3 2

Half Angle Identities

 sinx2=±1−cosx2−−−−−−√

 cosx2=±1+cosx2−−−−−−√

 tan(x2)=1−cos(x)1+cos(x)−−−−−−√

Also, tan(x2)=1−cos(x)1+cos(x)−−−−−−√=(1−cos(x))(1−cos(x))(1+cos(x))(1−cos(x))−−−−−

−−−−−−−−√=(1−cos(x))21−cos2(x)−−−−−−−−√=(1−cos(x))2sin2(x)−−−−−−−

−√=1−cos(x)sin(x) So, tan(x2)=1−cos(x)sin(x)

Product identities

 sinx⋅cosy=sin(x+y)+sin(x−y)2
 cosx⋅cosy=cos(x+y)+cos(x−y)2
 sinx⋅siny=cos(x+y)−cos(x−y)2

Sum to Product Identities

 sinx+siny=2sinx+y2cosx−y2
 sinx−siny=2cosx+y2sinx−y2
 cosx+cosy=2cosx+y2cosx−y2
 cosx−cosy=−2sinx+y2sinx−y2

Inverse Trigonometry Formulas

 sin  (–x) = – sin  x

-1 -1

 cos  (–x) = π – sin  x

-1 -1

 tan  (–x) = – tan  x

-1 -1

 cosec  (–x) = – cosec  x

-1 -1

 sec  (–x) = – sec  x

-1 -1

 cot  (–x) = π – cot  x

-1 -1

Trigonometry Formulas From Class 10 to Class 12

 Trigonometry Formulas For Class 12

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 11

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10

Trigonometry Formulas Major systems

All trigonometric formulas are divided into two major systems:

 Trigonometric Identities
 Trigonometric Ratios
Trigonometric Identities are formulas that involve Trigonometric functions. These identities
are true for all values of the variables. Trigonometric Ratio is known for the relationship
between the measurement of the angles and the length of the side of the right triangle.
Here we provide the students with a list of all Trigonometry formula. These formulas are
helpful for the students in solving problems based on these formulas or any trigonometric
application. Along with these, trigonometric identities help us to derive the trigonometric
formulas, which are sometimes asked in the examination.
We also provide the basic trigonometric table pdf that gives the relation of all trigonometric
functions along with their standard value. These trigonometric formulae are helpful in
determining the domain, range, and value of a compound trigonometric function. Students
can refer to the formulas provided below or can also download the trigonometric formulas
pdf that is provided above.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

What are the basic trigonometric ratios?

Sine, Cosine, Tangent, Cotangent, Secant and Cosecant.

What are formulas for trigonoemtry ratios?

Sin A = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse
Cos A = Base/Hypotenuse
Tan A = Perpendicular/Base

What ret he three main functions in trigonometry?

Sin, Cos and Tan are three main function in trigonometry.

What are the fundamental trigonometry identities?

The three fundamental identites are:
1. sin^2 A + cos^2 A = 1
2. 1+tan^2 A = sec^2 A
3. 1+cot^2 A = csc^2
Trigonometry formulas are applicable to which triangle?
Right-angled triangle

MATHS Related Links

Trigonometry Table Trigonometry Graphs

Trigonometry Values Trigonometry For Class 10

Sin 30 Degrees Tan 60 Degrees

Cos 30 Degrees Trigonometry Angles

Sin 45 Degrees Cos 60 Degrees