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Rigs 12

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Sampling

through hollow
flight augers
• Hollow flight augers
are commonly
employed in high
groundwater
conditions
• Drive samplers can be
inserted inside the
hollow cylinders
• Note sample
disturbance caused by
penetration of the plug
Hollow flight augers

• Hollow flight augers can be used with most


conventional drill rigs. The stems cost more per lineal
foot, but the hole can be advanced between sampling
rounds without having to withdraw the drill stems
Hollow Flight
Augers
• Hollow flight augers
began appearing in the
late 1920s for drilling
geotechnical borings
in running sands and
low cohesion materials
• This shows a
conventional SPT
sampling barrel being
set inside hollow flight
augers.
MUD ROTARY
DRILLING
• Mud rotary drilling rigs are typically used for
deeper applications, such as holes more than
50 or 100 feet deep, below the water table
Rotary Wells Usually Drilled with
Tricone Bits

• The tricone bit was developed by Hughes Tool Co. in 1933 to drill
deeper oil wells. It has been refined many times since then. It
uses three distinctive rotating cutting heads, with interior flushing
of the drill cuttings by the drilling mud
Drilling Mud
Circulation Tanks
• Mud rotary drilling
employs a dense drilling
fluid under its own
hydrostatic pressure to
support the walls of an
open borehole
• The drilling fluid is usually
comprised of bentonite,
but some drillers will use
soap or a variety of other
agents, depending on
local experience
Rotary Rigs

• Rotary rigs with their masts extended. A


water truck usually accompanies the rig, to
provide the drilling fluid.
Large Mud
Rotary Drill Rig
• Most deep water wells
are drilled with larger
mud rotary rigs, like
this Gardner-Denver
1500 series rig with a
40 ft mast.
• The biggest headache
is loss of circulation,
most common in
limestone or adjacent
to broken rock along
faults
DIFFICULT
CONDITIONS FOR
SUBSURFACE
SAMPLING
• Common causes of caving in a shallow
borehole

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