Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and Prevention and Treatment

Agent symptoms control

Tuberculosis Mycobacterium • 1. Inhalation • A cough that • Personal
 Tuberculosis (TB) tuberculosis of droplets lasts more respiratory
is a potentially • “Koch’s bacilli” • 2. Ingestion of than 3 weeks protective
fatal contagious • Causative infected • Chest pain equipment
disease that can agent of sputum (self • Coughing up • Avoid exposing
affect almost any Pulmonary TB swallowing) blood self to people
part of the body • Slender, • 3. Inoculation • Feeling tired al with active TB
but is mainly an
slightly curved of organism in l the time • BCG (Bacille
infection of the
bacilli to skin • Night sweats Calmette-
lungs.
 Globally, it is the • 4. • Chills Guérin)
leading cause of Transplacental • Fever Vaccination
deaths resulting • Loss of • Ventilation
from a single appetite • Proper cough
infectious • Weight loss etiquette
disease.

Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and Prevention and Treatment
Agent symptoms control
Influenza, also called The flu is caused by Flu viruses travel Common signs and • Prevention • bed rest and
flu or grippe, an acute influenza viruses that through the air in symptoms of the flu (CDC) recommends plenty of fluids to
viral infection of the infect the nose, droplets when include: annual flu vaccination treat the
upper or lower throat, and lungs. someone with the • Fever over for everyone age 6 flu.medication,
respiratory tract that is These viruses spread infection coughs, 100.4 F (38 C) months or older.  oseltamivir
marked by fever, chills, when people with flu sneezes or talks. You • Aching • Control (Tamiflu)
and a generalized cough, sneeze or talk, can inhale the muscles • Wash your  zanamivir
feeling of weakness sending droplets with droplets directly, or • Chills and hands. (Relenza)
and pain in the muscles the virus into the air you can pick up the sweats • Contain your  peramivir
and potentially into germs from an object • Headache coughs and (Rapivab) or
the mouths or noses • Dry, sneezes. baloxavir
of people who are persistent (Xofluza)
nearby cough
 Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and Prevention and Treatment
Agent symptoms control
• Polio, or Polio is caused by the • • • Poliovirus only • Sore throat Inactivated poliovirus • no cure for polio
poliomyelitis, poliovirus. The virus infects people. It • Fever vaccine (IPV) given as exists, the focus
is a disabling enters the body enters the body • Tiredness an injection in the leg is on increasing
and life- through the mouth. It through the mouth • Nausea or arm, depending on comfort,
threatening is spread through and spreads • Headache the patient’s age. speeding
disease contact with the feces through: • Stomach pain Only IPV has been recovery and
caused by the • Contact with the used in the United preventing
poliovirus. feces (poop) of an States since 2000. complications.
infected person. Oral poliovirus • Pain relievers
Droplets from a vaccine (OPV) is still • Portable
sneeze or cough of used throughout ventilators to
an infected person much of the world assist breathing
(less common

Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and Prevention Treatment

Agent symptoms and control
Typhoid is a bacterial ■ Typhoid is an ■ ■ ■ MODE OF The two major ■ Drink bottled The only effective
infection that can lead infection TRANSMInges symptoms of typhoid water, treatment for typhoid is
to a caused by the tion of food are fever and rash. preferably Antibiotics. The most
high fever, diarrhea, and bacterium and water Typhoid fever is carbonated. commonly used are
vomiting Salmonella contaminated particularly high, ■ Boil water for ciprofloxacin (for non-
typhimurium with human gradually increasing drinking pregnant adults) and
waste. over several days up ■ Cook food well ceftriaxone
■ Poor to 104 degrees
sanitation. Fahrenheit, or 39 to
■ Direct contact 40 degrees Celsius
with someone
who is
infected
 Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and Prevention and Treatment
Agent symptoms control
Hansen’s caused by slow- It is not known exactly The disease can cause Prevention of contact Treatment is done by
disease (also known as growing bacteria how Hansen’s disease skin symptoms such with droplets from multidrug therapy
leprosy) is an infection called Mycobacteriu spreads between as: nasal and other These are dapsone with
caused by slow-growing m leprae or also M. people.  Discolored patches secretions from rifampicin, and
bacteria lepromatosis. Prolonged, close of skin patients with clofazimine is added for
called Mycobacterium contact with  Thick, stiff or dry untreated M. leprae  some types of the
someone with skin and Growths disease.
leprae or also M.
untreated leprosy (nodules) on the
lepromatosis.
over many months is skin
It is a disease that
needed to catch the  Painless ulcers on
affects the nerves, skin,
disease. the soles of feet
eyes, and lining of the and painless
nose (nasal mucosa). swelling or lumps
on the face or
earlobes
 Loss of eyebrows
or eyelashes

Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and symptoms Prevention and Treatment
Agent control
Syphilis Syphilis is caused by mostly spread • Syphilis Signs and Don’t have intimate If you've had syphilis
Syphilis is a highly the bacteria through sexual Symptoms contact with for less than a year, one
contagious disease that’s Treponema pallidum. activity, including oral Syphilis infection has someone if you dose of penicillin is
mostly spread through These bacteria can and anal sex. three stages: know they’re usually enough to kill
sexual activity, including enter your body -Early or primary syphilis infected. the infection.
oral and anal sex through cuts on your -Secondary syphilis , use a condom
skin or through your -Tertiary syphilis. every time you have
mucous membranes. sex.
 Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and symptoms Prevention and Treatment
Agent control
Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is caused ■ ■ Sexual intercourse Signs and symptoms of Sexual transmitted • antibiotic ceftriaxone
by a bacteria named resulting in lesions on gonorrhea infection in men diseases can be — given as an
gonorrhea also called include:
‘clap’ or ‘drip’ is a “Neisseria glans penis, vulva, prevented by injection — with oral
• Painful urination azithromycin
contagious disease gonorrhoeae”, a vagina and cervix. • Pus-like discharge from abstinence or
bacterium that grows Intimate person-to- condom use. (Zithromax)
transmitted most often the tip of the penis
and multiply easily in person contact with The surest way to • If you're allergic to
through sexual contact • Pain or swelling in one
the mucus membrane lesions on lips, avoid transmission cephalosporin
with an infected person. testicle
antibiotics, such as
of the body. tongues or fingers Signs and symptoms of of STDs is to abstain
gonorrhea infection in women ceftriaxone, you
Transfusion of from sexual
include: might be given oral
infected blood intercourse gemifloxacin
• Increased vaginal
Materno-foetal (Factive) or injectable
discharge
transmission in • Painful urination gentamicin and oral
congenital syphilis if • Vaginal bleeding azithromycin.
mother is infected. between periods, such as
after vaginal intercourse
• Abdominal or pelvic pain

Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and symptoms Prevention and Treatment
Agent control
Sore eyes • Dry eyes • Direct contact • Begins in one eye • Wash hands
• Also known as • Eye Irritation with hands and may later frequently • Antibiotics eye
‘Sore eyes’ or ‘Pink • When your contaminated affect both eyes and drops or
eye’. eyes with eye • Watery to pus thoroughly ointments
• Sore eyes is encounter a secretions of like discharge with soap
manifested in substance to an infected • Redness of the and water
redness and which they are person eye with pain • Minimize
inflammation of overly Contact with and/ with itching hand-to-eye
the membranes sensitive. contaminated fingers, sensation contact
(conjunctiva) facial tissues, clothing, • Eyelids that are • Wear
covering whites of eye makeup, eye stock together eye/sunglass
the eyes and the medications, upon waking up es on windy
membranes in the
inner parts of the
eyelids.
Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and symptoms Prevention and Treatment
Agent control
Schistosomiasis genus Schistosoma - penetrate the Effects of -Avoid swimming or
Bilharzia is an acute and Schistosoma skin during Schistosomiasis wading in
chronic parasitic disease haematobium,  contact with fever freshwater when
caused by blood flukes S. japonicum, infested water. -Diarrhea you are in countries
(trematode worms) of the and S. mansoni -rash in which
genus Schistosoma respiratory symptoms schistosomiasis
occurs.
- Drink safe water. 

Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and symptoms Prevention and Treatment
Agent control
MONO OR INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS • Coughing or • Headache PREVENTION AND THERE IS NO SPECIFIC
MONONUCLEOSIS IS USALLY CAUSED sneezing • Fatigue CONTROL TREATMENT FOR
BY EBV (Epstein- • Kissing • Muscle weakness MONO IS ALMOST INFECTIOUS
MONO OR INFECTIOUS
Barr virus). THE • Sharing of • Rash consisting of flat IMPOSSIBLE TO MONONUCLEOSIS.
MONONUCLEOSIS, REFERS
VIRUS IS SPREAD food or drinks pink or purple spots on PREVENT.THIS IS HOWEVER, YOUR
TO A GROUP OF • Sexual
SYMPTOMS USUALY DIRECT CONTACT your skin or in your BECAUSE HEALTHY DOCTOR AY PRESCRIBE
WITH SALIVA intercourse mouth PEOPLE WHO HAVE A CORTICOSTEROID
CAUSED BY THE EPSTEIN- • Organ
BARR VIRUS (EBV). FROM THE MOUTH • Swollen tonsils BEEN INFECTED MEDICATION TO
transplantation
OF AN INFECTED • Night sweats WITH EBV IN THE REDUCE THROAT AND
IT USUALLY
PERSON OR OTHER • Swollen lymph glands PAST CAN CARRY TONSIL SWELLING.
TAKES 4 TO 8
BODILY FLUIDS, in the neck and armpits AND SPREAD THE
WEEKS FOR THE
SUCH AS BLOOD • Fever INFECTION
SYPTOMS TO
PERIODICALLY FOR
DEVELOP AFTER
THE REST OF
YOU’RE
THEIRLIVES
INFECTED
Definition Cause Agent Type of MOT Signs and symptoms Prevention and Treatment
Agent control
Leptospirosis is a It is caused by • contact of • a fever and chills • not swimming or doxycycline or
bacterial disease that bacteria of the skin with water, • coughing wading in water penicillin.
affects humans and caused by a moist soil or • diarrhea, vomiting, or that might be
animals. bacterium vegetation both contaminated with
called Leptospira  i contaminated • headache animal urine, or
In humans, it can cause a
nterrogans. with the urine of • red and irritated eyes eliminating contact
wide range of symptoms,
(Leptospires) infected animals. • jaundice with potentially
some of which may be • direct
The organism is •
mistaken for other infected animals.
carried by many contact with
diseases. Some infected • Protective clothing
animals and lives in urine or tissues of
persons, however, may infected animals, or footwear should
their kidneys. It ends
have no symptoms at all. or by be worn by those
up in soil and water
Leptospirosis can lead to through their urine. • inhalation exposed to
kidney damage, meningitis of aerosols of contaminated
(inflammation of the contaminated water or soil
membrane around the fluids, such as because of their
brain and spinal cord), liver may occur in job or recreational
failure, respiratory distress, abattoirs. activities.
and even death. • Ingestion
of foods
contaminated
with urine of
infected rats is an
occasional route
of infection.