TRASNSPORT PROCESSES

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

Heat Transfer 10. A flat wall is to be constructed of firebrick, insulating brick, and
building brick in series such that the heat loss will not exceed 250
1. The driving force in heat transfer is BTU/hr-ft2 when the hot face of the firebrick is 20000F and the cold
a. concentration gradient face of the building is 1000F. What minimum wall thickness is
c. viscosity gradient required?
b. temperature gradient a. 22 in c. 3 in
d. thickness of the solid in question b. 9 in d. 18 in

2. Thermal diffusivity of a material Data:

a. has the unit m2 /sec.
b. is defined as k/ρ x Cp. k, BTU/hr- brick max allow,
c. is the ratio of thermal conductivity to thermal capacity. ft-0F thickness, in 0F

d. all (a), (b) and (c). fireclay brick 0.90 4.5 -

insulating brick 0.12 3.0 1800
3. Under the same temperature gradient across various metal plates of building brick 0.40 4.0 300
the same thickness, the heat conducted per unit of surface area will
be largest across
a. lead c. iron 11. What actual heat loss will occur in Problem 10?
b. copper d. nickel a. 200 BTU/hr-ft2 c. 240 BTU/hr-ft2
b. 180 BTU/hr-ft2 d. 160 BTU/hr-ft2
4. If a man touches two metals which were kept together at room
temperature, why would one metal feel colder than the other 12. The following data was obtained in a test on a flat-walled furnace the
a. one has a high heat transfer coefficient linings of which consist of a 4.5 in non-corrosive brick of unknown
b. one has a high thermal conductivity conductivity and the outer wall of 8 in clay brick, also of unknown
c. one has a lower temperature conductivity. The temperature of the inner wall (flame side) was
d. one has a higher heat capacity found to be 11050F and that of the outer wall 3650F. This furnace was
lagged with 2 in of magnesia (k=0.04) thermocouples inserted at
5. Cork is a good insulator because it has various points and the following data taken.
a. free electrons Temperature of inner wall (flame side) 13550F
b. atoms colliding frequency Temperature at the junction of brick layers 12900F
c. low density Temperature at the junction of ordinary brick and magnesia 8900F
d. porous body
Temperature of the outer surface of magnesia 1900F
6. The insulation ability of an insulator with the presence of moisture Calculate the % of heat loss that is saved by the lagging.
would a. 50% c. 37%
a. increase c. remains unaffected b. 28% d. 44%
b. decrease d. none of the above
13. A hallow metal sphere is heated so that the inside wall temperature
7. A furnace wall is constructed of firebrick 6 in thick. The temperature is 3000F. The sphere has an internal diameter of 6 inches and is 2
of the inside of the wall is 1300 0F and the temperature of the outside inches thick. What is the heat loss from the sphere if the outer surface
of the wall is 175 0F. If the mean thermal conductivity under these is maintained at 2120F? The thermal conductivity of the metal is 8
conditions is 0.17 BTU/hr-ft-0F, what is the rate of heat loss through BTU-ft/hr-ft2-0F?
10 ft2 of wall surface? a. 7650 BTU/hr c. 1802 BTU/hr
a. 5700 BTU/hr c. 3825 BTU/hr b. 4156 BTU/hr d. 5529 BTU/hr
b. 1070 kcal/hr d. 2354 kcal/hr
14. A current of 250 amperes is passing through a stainless wire with
For numbers 8 to 9: diameter of 5.08 mm. The wire is 2.44 m long and has an electrical
A furnace is constructed with 0.20 m of firebrick, 0.10 m of insulating resistance of 0.0843 ohms. The outer surface is held constant at
brick, and 0.20 m of building brick. The inside temperature is 1200 K 154.6 0C. The thermal conductivity of the wire is 22.5 W/m-K. The
and the outside temperature is 330 K. If the thermal conductivities center temperature of the wire is
are as shown in the figure, estimate the heat loss per unit area and a. 435 K c. 256 K
the temperature at the junction of the firebrick and the insulating b. 380 K d. 621 K
brick.
15. Heat transfer occurs by natural convection because change in
temperature causes differences in
a. viscosity c. thermal conductivity
b. density d. heat capacity

16. The inner wall of a furnace is at a temperature of 700 0C. The

composite wall is made of two substances, 10 and 20 cm thick with
thermal conductivities of 0.05 and 0.1 W/m-K respectively. The
ambient air is at 30 0C and the heat transfer coefficient between the
outer surface of wall and air is 20 W/m2-K. The rate of heat loss from
8. The heat loss per unit area is
the outer surface in W/m2 is
a. 961 W/m2 c. 1056 W/m2
a. 165.4 c. 172.8
b. 1248 W/m2 d. 1567 W/m2
b. 167.5 d. 175.1
9. The temperature at the junction of the firebrick and the insulating
brick is
a. 983 K c. 1063 K
b. 1115 K d. 1472 K
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

For numbers 17 to 18: 25. Heat transfer in turbulent flow may be described by an empirical
A steel pipeline, 2 in-sch40, contains saturated steam at 121.1 0C. equation correlating
The pipeline is insulated with 1 inch of asbestos (k=0.182 SI units). a. Nusselt, Peclet, Prandtl numbers
Assuming that the inside surface temperature of the pipe wall is at b. Nusselt, Prandtl, Stanton numbers
121.10C and the outer surface of the insulation is at 26.70C. c. Nusselt, Prandtl, Reynolds numbers
d. Nusselt, Graetz, Schimdt numbers
17. Calculate the heat loss (in Watts) for L=30.5 m.
a. 5400 c. 4910 26. Air at 206.8 kPa and an average of 477.6 K is being heated as it flows
b. 4375 d. 3862 through a tube of 25.4 mm inside diameter at a velocity of 7.62 m/s.
The heating medium is 488.7 K steam condensing on the outside of
18. How much steam in kg/hr is condensed due to the heat loss? the tube. Since the heat transfer coefficient of condensing steam is
a. 10.9 c. 8.13 several thousand W/m2-K and the resistance of the metal wall is very
b. 8.81 b. 9.74 small, it will be assumed that the surface wall temperature of the
metal in contact with air is 488.7 K. Calculate the heat flux for an L/D
For numbers 19 to 20: > 60.
Carbon tetrachloride, flowing at 19000 kg/hr is to be cooled from a. 70 W/m2 c. 60 W/m2
850C to 400C in a double pipe heat exchanger using 13500 kg/hr of b. 50 W/m 2 d. 80 W/m2
cooling water at 200C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 1500
W/m2-K. Assume specific heat of CCl4 is 0.88 J/g-0C. 27. In a 1–1 shell and tube heat exchanger, steam is condensing on
the shell side at TS °C, and the cold fluid is being heated on the
19. Determine the area (in m2) needed if flow is countercurrent. tube side from t1 °C to t2 °C. The following equation relates t 2 to
a. 5.7 c. 4.2 the other variables.
b. 1.9 d. 3.6

20. Determine the area (in m2) needed if flow is parallel

a. 7.8 c. 2.6
b. 3.9 d. 5.4 Where ‘U’ is the overall heat transfer coefficient, ‘A’ is the heat
transfer area, ‘W’ is the mass flow rate and ‘Cp’ is the heat
21. A cooling coil, consisting of a single length of tubing through which capacity. The tube side coefficient is controlling and the tube side
water is circulated, is provided in a reaction vessel, the contents of fluid is in turbulent flow. TS = 130°C, t1 = 30°C, t2 = 80°C. If the
which are kept uniformly at 360 K by means of a stirrer. The inlet and mass flow rate of the cold fluid is double while keeping all the
outlet temperatures of the cooling water are 280 K and 320 K other conditions it, find the new value of t 2 at steady state.
respectively. What would be the outlet water temperature if the length
a. 800C c. 660C
of the cooling coil were increased by 5 times? Assume the overall
b. 540C d. 750C
heat transfer coefficient to be constant over the length of the tube
and independent of the water temperature.
28. When heat is transferred from hot body to cold body, in a straight
a. 429 K c. 358 K
line, without affecting the intervening medium, it is referred as heat
b. 370 K d. 465 K
transfer by
a. conduction c. radiation
22. In an oil cooler, 216 kg/h of hot oil enters a thin metal pipe of diameter
b. convection d. convection and radiation
25 mm. An equal mass of cooling water flows through the annular
space between the pipe and a larger concentric pipe; the oil and
29. An ideal surface that absorbs all incident radiation, regardless of the
water moving in opposite directions. The oil enters at 420 K and is to
wavelengths and direction and is also considered to be a perfect
be cooled to 320 K. If the water enters at 290 K, what length of pipe
emitter is referred to as a
will be required? Take coefficients of 1.6 kW/m2 K on the oil side and
a. gray body c. black body
3.6 kW/m2 K on the water side and 2 kJ/kg-K for the specific heat of
b. black hole d. pin hole
the oil.
a. 1.9 m c. 3.5 m
30. In thermal radiation, for a black body
b. 4.8 m d. 2.7 m
a. α= 1 and ε is not equal to 1
b. α is not equal to 1 and ε= 1
23. The temperature of oil leaving a co-current flow cooler is to be
c. α and ε are not equal to 1
reduced from 370 to 350 K by lengthening the cooler. The oil and
d. α= 1 and ε= 1
water flowrates, the inlet temperatures and the other dimensions of
where α is absorptivity and ε is emissivity.
the cooler will remain constant. The water enters at 285 K and oil at
420 K. The water leaves the original cooler at 310 K. If the original
For numbers 31 to 32:
length is 1 m, what must be the new length?
A bare horizontal pipe of 50 mm outside diameter is placed in a room
a. 1.86 m c. 3.33 m
where the air temperature is 290 K. Saturated steam at 415 K flows
b. 2.52 m d. 4.50 m
through the pipe. Using emissivity of 0.9
24. It is desired to warm an oil of specific heat 2.0 kJ/kg K from 300 to
31. Estimate the heat transfer coefficient due to convection from the pipe
325 K by passing it through a tubular heat exchanger containing
to the room.
metal tubes of inner diameter 10 mm. Along the outside of the tubes
a. 7.4 W/m2-0C c. 12.8 W/m2-0C
flows water, inlet temperature 372 K, and outlet temperature 361 K.
b. 9.23 W/m2-0C d. 8.5 W/m2-0C
The overall heat transfer coefficient from water to oil, based on the
inside area of the tubes, may be assumed constant at 230 W/m2 K,
32. What is the total heat loss per meter length of pipe from the steam to
and 0.075 kg/s of oil is to be passed through each tube. The oil is to
the room?
make two passes through the heater and the water makes one pass
a. 258 c. 564
along the outside of the tubes. Calculate the length of the tubes
b. 345 d. 305
required.
a. 3 m c. 4 m
b. 5 m d. 6 m
 TRASNSPORT PROCESSES
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

33. Two large parallel plates with gray surfaces are placed 75 mm apart. 43. For 00C and 2 atm abs
One has emissivity of 0.8 and at T=350 K; and the other has a. 3.87x10-5 m2/s c. 7.73x10-6 m2/s
emissivity of 0.4 and at T=300 K. Calculate the net heat transfer by b. 8.70x10-5 m2/s d. none of these
radiation in W/m2.
a. 108 c. 255 For numbers 44 to 45:
b. 142 d. 194 By what percentage would the rate of absorption be increased or
decreases by increasing the total pressure from 100 to 200 kPa in
Diffusion the following cases?

34. The Fick’s Law of Diffusion gives the rate of diffusion based on 44. The absorption of ammonia from a mixture of ammonia and air
a. pressure driving force containing 10% ammonia by volume, using pure water as solvent.
b. temperature driving force Assume that all the resistance to the mass transfer lies within the gas
c. concentration driving force phase.
d. all of these a. 0% c. 48%
b. 50% d. 100%
35. In steady-state equimolal counterdiffusion, the following are true:
a. NB = 0; NA is constant c. NA = -NB; NA + NB = 0 45. The same conditions as (44) but the absorbing solution exerts a
b. NA = 0; NB is nonzero d. NA + NB = constant partial vapor pressure of ammonia of 5 kN/m2.
a. 0% c. 48%
36. The enrichment of ethyl alcohol in the vapor phase from an aqueous b. 50% d. 100%
ethyl alcohol solution during rectification is an example of
a. unicomponent diffusion 46. Molecular diffusivity of a liquid –
b. equimolal counterdiffusion a. increases with temperature
c. phase drift b. may increase or decrease with temperature
d. convective diffusion c. decreases with temperature
d. is independent of temperature
37. Ammonia (A) being absorbed from air (B) into water is an example
of 47. A thick ethanol –water solution in the form of stagnant film 2 mm thick
a. steady-state equimolal diffusion at 293 K in contact at one surface with an organic solvent in which
b. stead-state unicomponent ethanol is soluble and water is insoluble. At point 1 the concentration
c. steady-state multicomponent diffusion of ethanol is 16.8 wt% and the solution density is 972.8 kg/m3. At
d. unsteady-state equimolal diffusion point 2 the concentration of ethanol is 6.8 wt% and density is 988.1
kg/m3. The diffusivity of ethanol is 0.740x10-9 m2/s. Calculate the
38. For a gas phase diffusion, unicomponent diffusion through a gas- steady state flux, NA.
liquid interface will likely to occur if a. 5x10-7 kmol A /s-m2 c. 2x10-7 kmol A /s-m2
a. one component is soluble and the other is not b. 6x10-7 kmol A /s-m2 d. 9x10-7 kmol A /s-m2
b. both components are soluble in the solvent
c. both components are insoluble in the solvent 48. It represents the total mass transferred to mass transferred by
d. none of these molecular diffusion.
a. Schmidt Number c. Reynolds Number
39. A mixture of He and N2 gas is contained in a pipe at 298 K and 1 atm b. Sherwood Number d. Nusselt Number
total pressure which is constant throughout. At one end of the pipe
at point 1 the partial pressure pA1of He is 0.6 atm and at the other For numbers 49 to 50:
end 0.2 m pA2 = 0.2 atm. Calculate the flux of He at steady state if Pure aniline is evaporating through a stagnant air film of 1 mm
DAB of the He-N2 mixture is 0.687 x 10-4 m2/s. thickness at 300 K and a total pressure of 100 kPa. The vapor
a. 5.63x10-6 kmol A /s-m2 pressure of aniline at 300 K is 0.1 kPa. The total molar concentration
b. 2.05x10-6 kmol A /s-m2 under these conditions is 40.1 mol/m3. The diffusivity of aniline in air
c. 1.94x10-6 kmol A /s-m2 is 0.74 x 10-5 m2/s.
d. 7.83x10-6 kmol A /s-m2
49. The numerical value of the mass transfer coefficient is 7.4 x 10-3. Its
40. Water in the bottom of a narrow metal tube is held at a constant units are
temperature of 293 K. The total pressure of air (assumed dry) is a. m/s c. mol/m2-s-Pa
1.01325 x 105 Pa (1.0 atm) and the temperature is 293 K (20 °C). b. cm/s d. kmol/ m2-s-Pa
Water evaporates and diffuses through the air in the tube, and the
diffusion path z2-z1 is 0.1524 m (0.5 ft) long. Calculate the rate of 50. The rate of evaporation of aniline is 2.97 x 10-4. Its units are
evaporation at steady state in kg mol/s-m2. The diffusivity of water a. mol/s c. mol/m2
vapor at 293 K and 1 am pressure is 0.250 x 10-4 m2/s. Assume that b. mol/cm2-s d. kmol/ m2-s
the system is isothermal.
a. 3.8x10-7 kmol A /s-m2 c. 2.0x10-7 kmol A /s-m2 51. Which of the following is true about rate of mass transfer in liquid?
b. 5.5x10-7 kmol A /s-m2 d. 1.6x10-7 kmol A /s-m2 a. NA = kG (Pab – Pai) c. NA = kC (Pab – Pai)
b. NA = kG (Cab – Cai) d. NA = kC (Cab – Cai)
For numbers 41to 43:
Normal butanol is diffusing through air at 1 atm abs. Using Fuller et. For numbers 52 to 53:
al. method, estimate the diffusivity for the following temperatures A stream of air at 100 kPa pressure and 300 K is flowing the top
and compare with the experimental data: surface of a thin flat sheet of solid naphthalene of length of 0.2 m with
a velocity of 20 m/s. The other data are
41. For 00C
Mass diffusivity of naphthalene vapor in air = 6 x 10-6 m2/s
a. 3.87x10-5 m2/s c. 7.73x10-6m2/s
b. 8.70x10-5m2/s d. none of these Kinematic viscosity of air = 1.5 x 10-5 m2/s
Concentration of naphthalene at the air solid naphthalene interface
42. For 25.90C = 1 x 10-5 kmol/m3
a. 3.87x10-5 m2/s c. 7.73x10-6 m2/s Calculate the following:
b. 8.70x10-5 m2/s d. none of these
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52. The average mass transfer coefficient over the flat plate.
a. 5.62x10-6 kmol/m2-s-kPa
b. 1.58x10-6 kmol/m2-s-kPa
c. 2.09x10-6 kmol/m2-s-kPa
d. 3.75 x10-6 kmol/m2-s-kPa

53. The rate of loss of naphthalene from the surface per unit width.
a. 1.88x10-8 kmol/s c. 2.65x10-8 kmol/s
b. 3.33 x10 kmol/s
-8 d. 6.6 x10-8 kmol/s

54. For turbulent mass transfer in pipes, the Sherwood number depends
upon the Reynolds number (Re) as
a. Re0.33 c. Re0.53
b. Re0.83 d. Re

55. A dimensionless number that represents the ratio of the molecular

momentum diffusion to the molecular mass diffusivity
a. Sherwood Number c. Schmidt Number
b. Reynolds Number d. Rayleigh Number