Chapter 1 and 2

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Glue is an adhesive material that is widely used worldwide. From schools to offices, from
homes to buildings, this material is always present to help individuals in their daily lives. It can
be used in simple works or as an emergency utensil from torn books to stripped parts of paper
works. It can stick two or more things together. It can be made from plant or animal parts, or it
can be made from oil based chemicals. The first glues known may have been natural liquids that
come out of trees when they are cut. Later people learned to make glue by boiling animal feet,
cartilage or bones. Some very strong glue is made from fish bones, rubber or milk. Simple glue
can be made at home by mixing wheat flour and water. This glue will stick pieces of paper
together. Many kinds of art can be made using glue. A collage is a work of art made by using
glue to stick colored things onto paper.
Breadfruit tree are one of the highest yield food plants known. A single tree an produce
between 50 to 150 fruits per year (yield varies between wet and dry areas) and their round, oval
or oblong fruits an weight as much as 12 pounds. It was discovered that the Antipolo and
Breadfruit tree produces a natural sticky sap that can be used as glue. The sap of Antipolo is
placed on tall trees that can capture small birds because of it stickiness. And breadfruit latex is
also sticky that can be make as glue as well (Aloha Nui, 2019).
the researchers will conduct this study to promote an alternative way of making a glue
with the use of a natural source of products (Breadfruit and Antipolo tree) instead of hazardous
chemical products. This glue will come on handy to the students with problems about toxins and
is also easy to organize in times of financial crisis. This study focuses on the potential of
Breadfruit and Antipolo tree as renewable product that is significant for purposes.
Objectives
This study aimed to produce an alternative glue that is cheap and ecofriendly with the
used of Breadfruit tree (Artocarpus altilis) and Antipolo tree (Artocarpus blancoi) sap.
Specifically, it aims to:
1. Determine the efficacy/ durability of the alternative glue to stick to the paper.
2. Determine if there is a significant difference on the effectiveness between Breadfruit
tree (Artocarpus altilis) and Antipolo tree (Artocarpus blancoi) sap as an alternative glue and a
commercial stick glue.
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the effectiveness between Breadfruit tree
(Artocarpus altilis) and Antipolo tree (Artocarpus blancoi) sap as an alternative glue and a
commercial stick glue.
Significance of the study

The study focuses on the making of an alternative glue with the used of the sap of the
Breadfruit tree and Antipolo tree. The accomplishment of this study would be useful to the
students who could not afford to buy it. It could also be used by the indigent sector of the
community to improve their productivity and profitability of having Breadfruit tree and Antipolo
tree. This would also provide additional information about the potential of the sample plants.
Scope and Limitation
This study will only focus on using Breadfruit tree (Artocarpus Altilis) and Antipolo tree
(Artocarpus Blancoi) sap as our main ingredient, alongside ash. This study is to be carried out
within 30 days. This experiment will be conducted in Malalis' Residence, Alano Broca, Sta.
Maria District, Pagadian City. The product will then be tested on plastics, cartons or any kind of
papers.
Definition in Terms
Adhesive Glue. Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any
nonmetallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds
them together and resists their separation.
Alternative. It refers to the possibility of Breadfruit tree (Artocarpus Altilis) and Antipolo
tree (Artocarpus Blancoi) sap as an alternative adhesive glue.
Antipolo tree (Artocarpus Blancoi). It is a large tree that grows up to 30 meters tall. Its
stem, which has short and stout buttresses, grow up to 60 centimeters or more in
diameter. The outer bark of an antipolo tree is grayish-black; its inner bark exudes white
latex. The sap of Antipolo is placed on tall trees that can capture small birds because of it
stickiness
Breadfruit tree (Artocarpus Artilis). A single tree can produce between 50 to150 fruits per
year (yield varies between wet and dry areas) and their round, oval or oblong fruits can
weigh as much as 12 pounds. It produces a natural sticky sap that can be used as glue
Ecofriendly. Literally means earth-friendly or not harmful to the environment.
Fatal. Causing death or leading to failure or disaster.
Latex. A milky fluid found in many plants, such as poppies and spurges, which exudes
when the plant is cut and coagulates on exposure to the air. The latex of the rubber tree is
the chief source of natural rubber.
Sap. The fluid part of a plant or a tree, chiefly water with dissolved sugars and mineral
salt, that circulates in the vascular system of a plant.
Toxic. It is something poisonous, or something very harmful or bad.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This section focuses on Breadfruit and Antipolo tree and it's significance to our study.
Star apple sap as an alternative glue
Star apple is a common adhesive used in schools, houses, offices, and even in
construction. Cambridge Dictionary defines glue as a “sticky substance that is used for joining
things together permanently, produced from animal bones and skins or by a chemical process”.
Glue came into being when ancient tribes discovered that the bone, hides, skin, sinew, and other
connective tissues from animals could be processed to remove collagen, the protein in these
tissues (Mazur, 2013).
The extract in the Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) can make stuff because it consists
of an alkaloid, resin, resinic acid and substances which can be used as glue.
In 2016 (N.A.), a study about star apple sap as an alternative glue was conducted. The
researcher extracted the sap from the fruit and put it in a closed container. After a day, the
researcher tested the product in different kinds of paper and it was proven that the star apple sap
is a feasible alternative component glue.

CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subject/Sample
This study focused on Breadfruit tree (Artocarpus Altilis) and Antipolo tree (Artocarpus
Blancoi) as the subject for the experiment. The following materials were used in the conduct of
the experiment.
Materials and Equipment

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CHAPTER 1

Background of the Study

glue to stick colored things onto paper.

Specifically, it aims to:

2. Determine if there is a significant difference on the effectiveness between Breadfruit

commercial stick glue.

There is no significant difference on the effectiveness between Breadfruit tree

commercial stick glue.

Significance of the study

Scope and Limitation

them together and resists their separation.

tree (Artocarpus Blancoi) sap as an alternative adhesive glue.

Ecofriendly. Literally means earth-friendly or not harmful to the environment.

Fatal. Causing death or leading to failure or disaster.

the chief source of natural rubber.

salt, that circulates in the vascular system of a plant.

Toxic. It is something poisonous, or something very harmful or bad.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Star apple sap as an alternative glue

tissues (Mazur, 2013).

is a feasible alternative component glue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials and Equipment

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