Designation: D 5147 – 02a

Standard Test Methods for

Sampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material 1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of 
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
ript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
superscript
supersc

1. Sco
Scope
pe D 573 Test Meth
Method
od for Rubbe
Rubber—Det
r—Deterior
erioratio
ation
n in an Air
4
1.1 These test methods
methods cover procedures
procedures for samp
sampling
ling and Oven
testing prefabricated, reinforced, polymer-m
polymer-modified
odified bituminous D 751 Test Methods
Methods for Coate d Fabrics5
Coated
sheet materials designed for single- or multiple-ply application D 1204 Test Meth
Method
od for Linea
Linearr Dime
Dimension
nsionalal Chang
Changes
es of 
in roofing and waterproofing membranes. These products may Nonrig
Non rigid
id The
Thermo
rmopla
plasti
sticc She
Sheeti
eting
ng or Fil
Filmm at Ele
Elevat
vated
ed
6
use various surfacing materials on one side. Temperature
1.2 These test methods
methods appear in the following
following order: D 4073
4073 Test Meth
Method
od for Tensile-T
Tensile-Tear
ear Stre
Strength
ngth of Bitum
Bitumi-
i-
3
Section
nous Roofing Membranes
D 4798 TeTest
st Method for Accelerated Weathering
Weathering Test Con-
Sampling 3 ditions and Procedures for Bituminous Materials (Xenon-
Conditioning 4
Thickness 5
Arc Method)3
Load Strain Properties 6 D 497
49777 Test Met
Method
hod for GraGranul
nulee Adh
Adhesi
esion
on to Min
Minera
erall
Tear Strength 7 Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion3
Moisture Content 8
Water Absorption 9
Dimensional Stability 10
3. Sampl
Sampling
ing
Low-Temperature Flexibility 11 3.1 From each shipment or or fraction thereof,
thereof, select at random
Heat Conditioning 12
Accelerated Weathering 13
a number of rolls equal to one half the cube root of the total
Granule Embedment 14 number of rolls in the lot. If the calculated number is fractional,
Compound Stability 15 express it as the next highest whole number. For convenience,
Coating Thickness 16
Precision and Bias 17
a table showing the number of rolls to be selected from the lots
of various sizes is given in Test Method D 146. When mutually
1.3 The values
values stated
stated in SI units
units are to be reg
regard
arded
ed as the agreed upon by the concerned parties, other sampling frequen-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information cies may be used and reported within the framework of these
only. procedures. The minimum sample shall consist of five rolls.
1.4   This sta
standa
ndardrd does not purport
purport to add
addre ress
ss all of the The rolls so selected constitute the representative sample used
safe
safety
ty co
conc
ncer
erns
ns,, if an
anyy, as
asso
soci
ciat
ated
ed wi
with
th it
itss us
use.
e. It is th
thee for all subsequent observations and tests pertaining to the lot of 
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- material being examined.
 priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Cond
Condition
itioning
ing
4.1 Unless otherwise specified,
specified, condition test specimens
specimens for
2. Referenced Documents
a minimum of 4 h at 23  6  3°C (73.4  6  3.6°F) and 50  6  5 %
2.1   ASTM Standards: relative humidity before testing.
D 95 Test Met
Method
hod for Wate
aterr in Pet
Petrol
roleum
eum Pro
Produc
ducts
ts and
2
Bituminous Materials by Distillation 5. Thic
Thickness
kness
D 146 Test Met
Method
hod for Sam
Sampli
pling
ng and Test
esting
ing Bit
Bitume
umen-
n- 5.1 Sheet materials shall
shall be checked at five points
points across the
Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and Wa- roll width, to include the weathering surface. Measurements
terproofing3 shall taken in accordance with Test Methods D 751, Section 9
except as follows: Lay the sheet out smooth on a horizontal
surface and take measurements at two points, each being 150
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
6   15 mm (6 6   0.5 in.) from each edge, and at three points
Roofing and Wa
Roofing Waterproo
terproofing
fing and are the direct respon
responsibilit
sibility
y of Subco
Subcommittee
mmittee
D08.04 on Felts and Fabrics.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
4
published in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5147 – 02.  Annual Book of ASTM Standards,, Vol 09.01.
Standards
2 5
Standardss, Vol 05.01.
 Annual Book of ASTM Standard  Annual Book of ASTM Standards,, Vol 09.02.
Standards
3 6
Standardss, Vol 04.04.
 Annual Book of ASTM Standard Standards,, Vol 08.01.
 Annual Book of ASTM Standards

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 5147 – 02a
equally spaced between these two points. Compute the average instructions, or read directly, calculate the percent elongation
thickness and the standard deviation of the thicknesses based determined from the chart, without an extensiometer, as
on the total number of point measurements from all of the rolls follows:
taken in accordance with 1.2 of these test methods. a  2  b
5.2 Using the samples measured in 5.1, take five measure- Percent elongation 5 3 100 at break (1)
b
ments along the selvage edge, each being 150  6  15 mm (6  6
0.5 in.) apart. The presser foot shall be positioned midway where:
between the surfacing and sheet edge or midway between the a = jaw separation at specimen break,
laying line and sheet edge, in the case of smooth products. = maximum extension on chart 3  jaw separation rate
chart speed
5.3 Report the individual point measurements, average, and and
estimated standard deviation. Refer to the measurements taken b = initial jaw separation.
in 5.1 as sheet thickness and the measurements taken in 5.2 as 6.1.3.2 Determine the average percent elongation at break in
selvage thickness. each direction and the deviation of percent elongation at break 
in each direction based on the total number of measurements
6. Load Strain Properties taken.
6.1 This test method covers the determination of the load 6.1.3.3 Calculate the percent elongation at peak load ob-
strain (tensile elongation and strain energy) properties of  tained from the extensiometer in accordance with the manu-
polymer-modified bituminous sheets. facturer’s instructions, or read directly, calculate the strain at
6.1.1   Specimens—Prepare five specimens from each sample peak load determined from the chart, without an extensiometer,
roll in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for each as follows:
temperature to be tested. Specimens shall be 25 mm (1.0 in.) c  2  d 
wide by a minimum of 150 mm (6.0 in.) long for sheet percent elongation 5 3 100 at peak load (2)
b
materials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at
−18°C (0°F). Specimens shall be 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) wide by a where:
minimum of 100 mm (4.0 in.) long for materials having an c = jaw separation at maximum load,
= maximum extension on chart 3  jaw separation rate
ultimate elongation of greater than 75 % at −18°C (0°F).
chart speed
6.1.2   Procedure: and
6.1.2.1 Condition each specimen at least 2 h at the selected b = initial jaw separation.
test temperature. If conditioning is done outside the machine 6.1.3.4 Calculate the average percent elongation at peak 
clamps, allow the specimen to equilibrate at the testing load in each direction and the standard deviation of percent
temperature for at least 15 min before the testing force is elongation at peak load in each direction based on the total
applied. number of measurements taken.
6.1.2.2 Test specimens at both 23 6  3°C (73.4 6  3.6°F) and 6.1.3.5 Calculate the average breaking load in each direc-
−18  6  3°C (0  6  3.6°F). tion and the standard deviation of the breaking loads in each
6.1.2.3 Use a constant rate of elongation (CRE) tension direction based on the total number of measurements taken.
testing machine, preferably with automatic load and strain 6.1.3.6 Calculate the average peak load in each direction
recording equipment, and clamps that permit a uniform clamp- and the standard deviation of the peak loads in each direction
ing pressure on the specimen without slipping. The initial based on the total number of measurements taken.
clamp separation shall be 75 6   2 mm (3.0 6   0.125 in.) for 6.1.3.7 If the load elongation curve is not available, estimate
sheet materials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at the strain energy. The strain energy should be reported as either
−18°C (0°F), and 50 6   2 mm (2.0 6   0.125 in.) for sheet measured or estimated. 7
materials having an ultimate elongation greater than 75 % at 6.1.3.8 Calculate the average strain energy at peak load and
−18°C (0°F). at break in each direction and the standard deviation of the
6.1.2.4 Maintain a rate of separation of 50 mm/min 63 % strain energies in each direction based on the total number of 
(2.0 in./min  6 3 %) for specimens tested at 23  6  3°C (73.4  6 measurements taken.
3.6°F) and a rate of separation of 2.0 mm/min 63 % (0.08 6.1.4   Report :
in./min 6 3 %) for specimens tested at −18  6  3°C (0  6  3.6°F).
6.1.2.5 Record the percent elongation of each specimen at
specimen break and also at peak load using an extensiometer,
7
The estimation technique requires knowledge of the maximum tensile strength
or calculate the percent elongation at specimen break and also
and elongation values of the test specimen. This technique can only be used for
at peak load from the chart of the stress versus time knowing fibrous glass-reinforced specimens. If the values generated by this technique are in
the speed of the chart drive and the jaw separation rate. question, verification must be made by analysis of the load-elongation curve. Strain
energy for fibrous glass-reinforced specimens is estimated by:
6.1.2.6 Record the breaking load and peak load of each
@1/2 3  peak load @ kN  ~lbf !# 3  elongation @ mm ~in.!##
specimen. se =
25 mm  ~ 1 in.! 3  gage length @mm  ~in.!#
6.1.3   Calculation: where 25 mm (1 in.) = sample width.
Strain energy represented as the area under the load-elongation curve may also be
6.1.3.1 Determine the percent elongation at break obtained calculated by direct computer integration or analog techniques such as, the
from the extensiometer in accordance with the manufacturer’s trapezoidal rule, use of planimeter, or gravimetrical analysis.

2
 D 5147 – 02a
6.1.4.1 For each specimen in each direction, record the 9.1.3 Determine the mass of each specimen to the nearest
temperature of the test, specimen size, and individual measure- 0.1 g after immersion. Determine moisture content in accor-
ments of peak load in kN/m (lbf/in.), percent elongation at peak  dance with Test Method D 95. Express water as a percent of 
load, breaking load in kN/m (lbf/in.), percent elongation at dry mass.
break, method of determining elongation, strain energy in 9.1.4 Determine the total percent of moisture gained by
kNm/m2 (inch-pound/in.2) at peak load, strain energy in kNm/  subtracting the moisture content as obtained in Section 8 from
m2 (inch-pound/in.2) at break, and method of determining the moisture content after immersion as determined in this
elongation. section.
6.1.4.2 Report the average and the standard deviation in 9.1.5 Calculate the average percent of moisture gain and the
each direction based on the total measurements taken of peak  standard deviation of percent of moisture gains based on the
load in kN/m (lbf/in.), breaking load in kN/m (lbf/in.), percent total number of measurements taken.
elongation at peak load percent elongation at break, strain 9.1.6 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
energy in kNm/m2 (inch-pound/in.2) at peak load and strain estimated standard deviation.
energy in kNm/m 2 (inch-pound/in.2) at break.
10. Dimensional Stability
7. Tear Strength 10.1 This test method determines a dimensional stability of 
7.1 This test method determines the tensile tear strength of  polymer-modified bituminous sheets in accordance with Test
polymer-modified bituminous sheets. Method D 1204, except as noted in the following.
7.1.1 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll in each 10.1.1 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll: one
direction in accordance with Test Method D 4073. Condition specimen from each edge of the sheet and three randomly
specimens as set forth in Section 4 of these test methods. across the sheet.
7.1.2 Test procedure shall be in accordance with Test 10.1.2 Condition the specimens in an oven maintained at 80
Method D 4073, except that the rate of jaw separation shall be 6  3°C (176 6  3.6°F) for 24 h  6  15 min.
50 mm/min  6 3 % (2.0 in./min  6 3 %) for testing at 23  6  3°C 10.1.3 After oven conditioning, cool the specimens and
(73.4  6  3.6°F). measure as indicated in Test Method D 1204.
7.1.3 Calculate the average tear strength in each direction 10.1.4 Calculate the absolute dimensional change based on
and the standard deviation of the tear strength in each direction the absolute difference between the initial measurements and
based on the total number of measurements taken. the measurement after conditioning for each specimen.
7.1.4 Report the individual specimen values, average, and 10.1.5 Calculate the average absolute dimensional change
estimated standard deviation of the specimens in each direc- in each direction and the standard deviation of the absolute
tion. dimensional changes in each direction based on the individual
results calculated in 10.1.4.
8. Moisture Content 10.1.6 Report the initial measurements of the individual
8.1 This test method determines moisture content in specimens, measurements of individual specimens after condi-
polymer-modified bituminous sheets. tioning, dimensional change in each direction for each speci-
8.1.1 Prepare five specimens measuring approximately 100 men, absolute dimensional change in each direction for each
by 100 mm (4 by 4 in.) from each sample roll. specimen, absolute average, and estimated standard deviation
8.1.2 Determine the mass of each specimen to the nearest in each direction.
0.1 g. Determine the moisture content in accordance with Test
Method D 95. Express water as a percent of dry mass. 11. Low-Temperature Flexibility
8.1.3 Calculate the average moisture content and the stan- 11.1 This test method determines the low-temperature flex-
dard deviation of the moisture contents based on the total ibility of polymer-modified bituminous sheets.
number of measurements taken. 11.1.1 Low-temperature flexibility is defined as the lowest
8.1.4 Report the individual specimen values, average, and temperature recorded at which no visual signs of cracking in
estimated standard deviation. the membrane are observed after bending 180 6   5° at the
desired temperature around a 25 6   2 mm (1.00 6   0.05 in.)
9. Water Absorption diameter mandrel in approximately 2  6 1 s.
9.1 This test method determines water absorption of  11.1.2 Cracking is defined as a fracture of the polymer-
polymer-modified bituminous sheets. modified bitumen coating that visibly exposes the reinforce-
9.1.1 Prepare five specimens measuring approximately 100 ment of the sheet. The condition of cracking shall be visible to
by 100 mm (4 by 4 in.) from each sample roll. Seal all cut the naked eye and shall not include separation of granules or
edges having exposed reinforcement with hot bitumen before other surfacing material that does not extend through the
testing. modified bitumen coating surface to the reinforcement.
9.1.2 Immerse the specimens in a distilled water bath 11.1.3 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll in both
maintained at 50  6  3°C (122  6  3.6°F) for 100  6  4 h, remove the longitudinal and transverse direction for each temperature
the specimens, blot off surface water with a dry cloth, immerse to be tested. Specimens shall be 25  6  2 mm (1.00  6  0.05 in.)
the specimens in technical grade acetone for 2 6   1 s, and wide by 150  6  2 mm (6.00 6  0.005 in.) long.
permit to air dry in laboratory for 15 6   2 min at 23 6 3°C 11.1.4 Begin testing at a temperature at which the sheet is
(73.4  6  3.6°F) and 50  6  5 % RH. known to pass, allowing the refrigerated unit, mandrel, and

3
 D 5147 – 02a
specimens to equilibrate for a minimum of 2 h and decrease or 13. Accelerated Weathering
increase temperature in 3  6  1°C (5 6  2°F) increments. 13.1 This test method determines the effects of accelerated
NOTE 1—If this information is not readily available, make preliminary weathering on polymer-modified bituminous sheets in accor-
screening tests at −12 6  1°C (10  6   2°F) intervals. dance with Section 7 of Test Method D 4798 except as noted in
the following.
11.1.5 After the specimens have been conditioned, position 13.1.1 Use a cycle of 60 min with 51-min arc only and 9
the center of the specimen firmly on the mandrel, weathering min of arc and waterspray per cycle.
side away from the mandrel, and bend the projecting ends 13.1.2 Expose the specimens for 83  6  0.35 days (2000  6  8
without exerting any stress other than that required to keep the cycles).
specimen in contact with the mandrel. Complete the entire 13.1.3 Orient the intended weathering surface toward the
procedure inside the refrigerated unit. light source.
11.1.5.1 Bend the specimen until the projecting ends of the 13.1.4 Expose a sufficient quantity of specimens from each
specimen are parallel to each other keeping the bottom surface sample roll for tensile, elongation, and low-temperature flex-
in contact with the mandrel through an arc of 180  6 5°. ibility testing after accelerated weathering. Specimens shall be
11.1.5.2 Visually examine the specimen immediately keep- cut to size and quantity after weathering.
ing the sample in the flexed position, on the mandrel, at the test 13.1.5 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
temperature, for any signs of cracking. estimated standard deviation for tensile, elongation, strain
11.1.5.3 Repeat the above for any remaining specimens. energy, and low-temperature flexibility as set forth in the test
11.1.5.4 If any cracking is observed, increase the tempera- methods for determination of these properties before and after
ture in the refrigerated unit by 3 6   1°C (5 6   2°F). If no weathering.
cracking was evident, decrease the temperature by 3  6  1°C (5
14. Granule Embedment
6  2°F). Condition ten new specimens at the next test tempera-
ture for a minimum of 2 h. If the specimens have been 14.1 Test in accordance with Test Method D 4977 and
preconditioned and the temperature change is no greater than report the average granule loss for each sample roll.
3°C (5°F), the specimens may be reconditioned for 30  6  5 min 15. Compound Stability
after the chamber reaches equilibrium.
15.1 This test method determines high-temperature stability
11.1.6 Repeat 11.1.5 until the lowest temperature at which of polymer-modified bituminous sheets.
none of the specimens show cracking is achieved. 15.1.1   Specimens—From each sample roll, prepare five
11.1.7 Report the low-temperature flexibility in °C (°F) as specimens in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for
the lowest temperature at which cracking does not occur. each test temperature. Specimens shall be 50  6  2 mm (2.0  6
11.1.8   Precision—The following data should be used for 0.05 in.) wide by 75  6  2 mm (3.0 6  0.05 in.) long.
 judging the acceptability of results on samples from the same 15.1.2   Apparatus:
lot from the same supplier: 15.1.2.1 Bulldog-type clamps with smooth surfaced, clamp-
11.1.8.1   Repeatability—Duplicate results by the same op- ing faces at least 50 mm (2 in.) wide are used to suspend the
erator should not be considered suspect unless they differ by specimens in a forced air oven.
more than 3°C (5°F). 15.1.2.2 The forced air oven shall be capable of maintaining
11.1.8.2   Reproducibility —The results submitted by each of  the preset test temperature to a tolerance of   6 3°C (65°F). Set
two laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they the forced air oven at 93  6  1°C (200  6  2°F) or 5.5°C (10°F)
differ by more than 6°C (10°F). below the expected failure temperature of unknown materials.
For screening purposes, one sample can be exposed in 14 6
12. Heat Conditioning 3°C (25  6  5°F) increments.
15.1.3   Procedure:
12.1 This test method determines the effects of heat condi-
15.1.3.1 Clamp each specimen on the 50-mm (2.0-in.) edge
tioning on polymer-modified bituminous sheets. with a bulldog-type clamp.
12.1.1 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll in the 15.1.3.2 Suspend the specimen via the clamp in the forced
longitudinal and transverse directions of necessary sizes for air oven with the 75-mm (3.0-in.) edge of the specimen set
tensile, elongation, and low-temperature flexibility testing vertically.
before and after conditioning. Sufficient number of specimens 15.1.3.3 After the specimens have been conditioned for 2 h,
should be conditioned to accommodate subsequent testing. 15 6   5 min at the specified temperature, observe each
12.1.2 Condition specimens in a forced air oven at 70 6 specimen for signs of flowing, dripping, or drop formation on
3°C (158  6  5°F) for 90  6   0.25 days in accordance with Test the lower edge of the specimen.
Method D 573. Evaluate physical properties before and after 15.1.3.4 If flowing, dripping, or drop formation is not
conditioning. observed on any of the five specimens, increase the oven
12.1.3 Report the individual specimen values, average, and temperature by 14 6   3°C (25 6   5°F), allow the oven to
estimated standard deviation for tensile, elongation, strain equilibrate and repeat 15.1.3.
energy, and low-temperature flexibility, as set forth in the test 15.1.4 Report the highest temperature at which no flowing,
methods for determination of these properties, before and after dripping, or drop formation was observed. Maximum test
heat conditioning. temperature need not exceed 121°C (250°F).

4
 D 5147 – 02a
16. Coating Thickness coating with slow steady force. Clean the spatula and repeat the
16.1 This test method covers the determination of back  process being careful not to damage the reinforcing layer. After
surface coating thickness of polymer-modified bituminous removing the back surface coating, allow the specimen to cool
sheet materials. to the conditions established in Section 4. Upon cooling, the
back surface may be dusted with very fine talc to prevent
16.1.1   Specimens—Sample the rolls in accordance with
sticking of the thickness gage during measurement.
Section 3. One 150-mm (6-in.) wide specimen shall be taken
16.1.2.4 Again, measure the thickness in the five specified
by cutting across the width of the roll. The specimen size will
locations of the specimen and report according to Section 5.
be 150 mm (6 in.) times the manufactured width of the roll.
(This specimen may be taken from the sample used to 16.1.3   Calculation—Determine the back surface coating
thickness in millimetres (mils) as follows:
determine thickness in Section 5.)
16.1.2   Procedure: Back surface coating thickness 5  T i  2  T  f  (3)
16.1.2.1 On the back surface of the specimen, mark or where:
indicate five distinct locations for measurements. Place a mark  T i = initial thickness measurement and
50 mm (2 in.) from each edge and make three additional marks T  f  = thickness of measurement after the removal of the
equally spaced between the first two points. For products with back coating.
a selvage edge, place a mark 25 mm (1 in.) from the selvage 16.1.4   Report —Report the individual measurements in mils
demarcration and 50 mm (2 in.) from the opposite edge, then (mm), average, and standard deviation.
make three additional marks equally spaced between the first
two points. 17. Precision and Bias
16.1.2.2 Measure the thickness at the center of each marked 17.1 The precision and bias of these test methods as related
area and reported in accordance with Section 5, in millimetres to polymer-modified bituminous sheets have not been estab-
(mils). lished. Round robin test will be conducted to establish these
16.1.2.3 Carefully heat the back surface coating of the values.
specimen in the indicated area by waving a flame (or heat gun)
so the flame just touches the surface of the coating. Remove the 18. Keywords
back surface coating down to the reinforcement by placing the 18.1 bituminous sheet material; roofing membranes; sam-
edge of a heated flat spatula at an angle and scrape off the pling; testing; waterproofing membranes

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