Design of Rigid (Concete) Pavement

for Detail Estimate for Widening & Strengthening of Tarra -Powni -Khauna Road,
Length-10.000 K.M.
(As per IRC:58-2002)
Legal limit on the maximum laden axle loads of commercial vehicles
from 8160 kg to 10200 kg
So design wheel load = 5100 kg

Traffic Intensity = 264 CVPD

Flexural strength of cement concrete = 38 kg/cm2

Characterstics compressive stength of concrete cube (15cm)

after 28 days curing for M-30grade, fck = 300 kg/cm2

Effective modulus of sub-grade reaction of the M-15 sub-base

= 8 kg/cm3
(K)

Elastic modulus of concrete (E) = 3x105 kg/cm2

Poisson's ratio = 0.15

Coefficient of thermal coeffiecient of concrete (α) = 10x10-6/0C

Unit Weight of CC(W) = 2400 kg/m3

Coefficient of friction (f) = 1.5

Width of expansion joint gap = 2cm

Maximum variation in temperature between summer and winter

(T2-T1) = 350C

Joint Spacing:-
Joint Width
Allowable expansion in concrete
∂ = 1/2 x 2

So that, spacing of expansion joint,

Le= ∂//100 x α x (T2-T1)
Le= 1/100 x 10 x 10-6 x 35
Le= 28.57 m

Which is less than maximum specified spacing of 140m and so acceptable

Contraction joint spacing in plain CC,

Lc = 2xScx104
Wxf
= 2x 0.8 x 104
2400 x 1.5
= 4.444m Say : 4.45 m
Which is less than maximum specified spacing of 4.5 m and hence acceptable
[Table 7, IRC 58-2002]
Therefore, provide contraction joint at 4.50m spacing & Expansion joint at every 7th such joint

1 of 8
i.e. 6 x 4.50 = 27.00 m spacing (instead of 28.57 m)

2 of 8
Design of slab thickness :-

Assume thickness of slab = 30 cm

Radius of relative stiffness,

I= [Eh3/12K(1-µ2)]1/4
= [(3x105x203)/12x8(1-0.152]1/4
= 198.86 cm
L = 450
I = 198.86
= 2.26

B 400
I = 198.86
= 2.01

L
I = 2.26

So, C = 0.251

Temperature differential for 30 cm thick slab

for chhattisgarh region = 21.00C [From Table1,
Page 8(IRC; 58-2002)]

Edge warping stress = CEαT

2
= 0.226x3x10 x10x10-6x21.7
5

2
= 7.35

a = [0.8521 x P + S P ]
0.5 0.5

qxTT π .5227xq

Where, [ a= radius of area of contract of wheel]

a = 0.8521 x 5100 +31 5100 ]
0.5 0.5

8xπ π 0.5227x8
= [ 172.91 + 344.61]0.5
= 22.75 cm
q = tyre pressure = 8 kg/cm2
s = c/c distance between two tyres = 31 cm

Stressess for wheel loads :-

Radius of relative stiffness (I) = 96.38 cm

The equivalent of resisting section is given by
a = 22.75
h 30
Therefore, b = √[ 1.6a2 +h2) - 0.675h]
= √{ 1.6x22.752 + 302)- 0.675x30
= 37.33cm
Stress at the edge (σ)
From Westergaards equation
σ = 0.529P [ 4 log10 (I) + log10 b - 0.4048] ( 1+0.54µ)

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h2

4 of 8
 σ = 0.529 x 5100 [4 log10 (96.38/41.33-0.4048](1+0.54µ)
302
= 15.032 kg/cm2
Total of temperature wraping stress and the sheel load stress
=7.35 + 10.832
= 18.182 kg/cm2
Which is less than (45 kg/cm2) the flexural strength at cement concrete
So the pavement thickness of 30cm is safe under combined action of Wheel load and temperature

Check for Corner Stress:

Corner stress is not critical in a doweled pavement. The corner stress can be be calculated from the
following formula.
3P [ 1-(a√2/I)1.2)
Corner Stress = h2

Where,
P= 5100 kg
h=30cm
a=22.75cm
I=198.86 cm
Corner Stress = 3 x 5100 [ 1-(22.75 √2/108.2)1.2] 7.59 kg/cm2
(30)2

The Corner Stress is less than the Flexural Stength of the concrete i.e. 45 kg/cm2
So the pavement thickness of 30 cm is safe.

Design of Dowel Bars:

Desing wheel load = 5100 kg/cm2

Percentage of load transfer = 40
Slab thickness, h = 30 cm
Joint width, Z = 2.0 cm
Radius of releative stiffness, I = 198.86 cm

Permissible bearing stress = Fb = 10.16-d) fck

9.525
fck = characterstic compressive strength of concrete cube
(15cm) after 28 days curing.
= 300 kg/cm2 for M-30 grade

d= diameter of dowel bar

= 3.2 cm (Taken from table 8, IRC 58 - 2002)
Fb = (10.16-3.2)/ 9.525 x 400
= 292.283 kg/cm2

Assumed spacing between the dowel bars = 30cm (From table 8, IRC 58-2002)
First dowel bar in placed at distance = 15 cm From the pavement edge

Assumed length of dowel bar = 50cm (From table 8, IRC 58-2002)

Dowel bars upto a distance of 1.0 x radius of relative stiffness, from the point of load application are
effective in load transfer

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 Number of dowel bars participating in load transfer when wheel load is just over dowel bar close to the
edge of the slab

= 1+I/Spacing
= 1 + 198.86/20
=9.99
= 10 dowel bars

Assuming that the load transferred by the first dowel bar 'Pt' and assuming that the load on dowel bar at a
distance of 'I' from the first dowel to tbe zero, the total load transferred by dowel bar system.

= (1+(198.86-30)/198.86+(198.86-60)/198.86+(198.86-
90)/198.86) Pt.
= 3.09 Pt

load transfer by dowel bars = 40%

= 0.40 x 5100 kg
So, 3.09 Pt. = 0.40 x 5100
load carried by the outer
dowel bear Pt = 5100 x 0.4/3.09
= 660.20 Kg

Check for Bearing stress:

Moment of Intertia of dowel bar = π d4/64

= π x (3.2)4/64
= 5.15 cm4
Relative stiffness of dowel bar embedded in concrete =β = [Kd/4EI]1/4
= 41500 x 3.2 1/4

4x2.0x106x5.15
= 0.2382
Where,
E=modulusof Elasticity of the dowel, kg/cm2
I= moment of Interia of the dowel, cm4
K= modulus of dowel/ concrete interaction (dowel support, kg/cm2/cm)

Bearing stress in dowel bar = (PtxK) x(2+βxZ)/(4β3 EI)

= (660.20 x 41500) [ 2+(0.2382x2)]
4x(0.2382)3 x 2.0 x 106 x 5.15
= 120.03 kg/cm2
Which is less than Fb, i.e. 292.283 kg/cm2
Design of Tie bars:
Slab thickness = 30 cm
Lane width, b=2.75 m
Allowable tensile stress in plain bars, S=1250 kg/cm2 (As per IRC : 21-2000)
Allowable bond stress in plain tie bars, B = 17.5 kg/cm2
Density of concrete = 24000 kg/m3
Diameter of tie bar, d = 12 mm

6 of 8
Spacing and length of plain bar

Area of Steel bar pr meter width of Joint to resist the Frictional force at slab bottom
As = bxfxW
S
Where,
b = lane width in meter
W= weight of slab in kg/m2
S= allowable workig stress of steel in kg/cm2
= (2.75 x 1.75 x 0.20 x 2400)/1250
= 2.35 cm2 /m

Cross Sectional area of Tie bars

A = π/4(1.2)2
= `1.13 sq.cm.
Perimeter of tie bar
P=πd
= 3.77 cm
Spacing of tie bar
= A/As
= 100 x 1.13/2.35
= 48.08 cm
Providing spacing of 50 cm c/c
(Maximum spacing is 56 cm, Table 9, IRC:58-2002)

Length of tie bar, L= 2xSxA

BXP
= 2 X 1250x1.13
17.5x3.77
= 42.80 cm
Increase length by 10 cm for loss of bond due to painting and another 5 cm for tolerance in
placement.Therefore the length is

= 42.80 +10+5
= 57.80 cm
Say 58.00 cm
[Minimum length of tie bar = 51 cm from table 9, IRC:58 - 2002]

Spacing and the length of deformed tie bar:

Allowable tensible stress in deformed bars,
S= 2000 kg/cmw [ as per IRC:21-2000]
Allowable bond stress for deformed tie bars
B= 24.6 kg/cm2

Area of Steel bar per meter width of Joint to resist the Frictional force at slab bottom

As =bxfxW
S
Where,
b = lane width in meter
W= weight of slab in kg/m2
S= allowable working stress of steel in kg/cm2

7 of 8
 = (2.75 x 1.75 x 0.20 x 2400)
2000
= 1.47 cm2 /m
Spacing of the tie bars = A
As
= 100 x 1.13
1.47
= 76.87 cm
Provide spacing of 80cm c/c
[Maximum spacing 60 cm, for 30 thick slab & 12mm dia, Deformed bar, as per table 9, IRC : 58- 2002
Length of tie bar,
L= 2 x S x A
B XP
L= 2x2000x1.13
24.6x3.77
Increase length by 10cm for loss of bond due to painting and another 5 cm for tolerance in placement.
Therefore the length is,

= 48.73 + 10 + 5
= 63.73 cm
Say 64 cm

[ Minimum length for 12mm diameter deformed bar & 30 cm thick slab is 60 cm as per table 9, IRC 58-
2002]
So, 64cm long 12 mm diameter deformed bar is provided.

Sub- Divisional Officer Executive Engineer

Sub-Division No. 2, P.W.D. Vidhan Sabha Division
P.W.D. Raipur (C.G.) Raipur (C.G.)

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