BHSM

2020-2021

DATA
MEX
FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NIHONGO)

Prepared
by:

Ms.Ras
ilda B.
 DATAMEX COLLEGE OF SAINT ADELINE, INC.

CHAPTER I
WEEK 1
(Japan Culture)

I. MISSION

DCSA develops a culture of world-class education that will produce holistic graduates. Create
professionals, entrepreneurs, and train to be globally competitive in robotics, excellent
hospitality management, and computer programming in a technologically driven industry. DCSA
takes the lead in the innovation of modern technology and their bids through leading-edge
exploration and world-class facilities.

DCSA encourages each one to passionately toil for the good of the community, and help those
in need, particularly those in the marginalized sector.

II. VISION

DCSA envision being the hub of premier educational institutions in hospitality, information
technology, business, and education in Asia, recognized globally as a competitive institution of
quality education and research.

Core Values
These are the core values and Graduates Attributes:

D –a desire for Excellence

C- ompassionate and Competitive
S- socially Responsible
A - achiever

III. ONLINE NETIQUETTE

1. Students are expected to attend online class regularly.

2. Every pupil should notify their instructor for attendance.
3. Everyone needs to listen first for the instructions before browsing the module.
4. Students should read the module carefully to understand the content and to
answer questions correctly.
5. Pupils should not interrupt the instructor while discussing the topic. Mute the
microphone.
6. If there are questions that are not clear open the microphone then notify the
instructor, one pupil at a time.
7. Students should finish online class until the end of the lesson

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IV. RULES AND REGULATIONS

1. Students need not to be absent without valid reason.

2. Only two absences are allowed supported by excuse letter.
3. Pupils should not be late on the time schedule. Only 15 minutes grace period.
4. Every student should participate on the class, especially on the activity, exams and
assignments.
5. Students should listen on the discussion; students should mute the microphone and
need to open their camera.
6. Students are allowed to talk only after the discussion and if there are questions to ask.
7. Every students need to submit output by sending pictures of the activity or sending
documents via messenger /email.

V. LEARNING OUTCOME

Students will be able to:

1. Tell the culture, recognize the different writings of Japan and interpret Japanese
Language.
2. Practice Nihongo and converse the basic language.
3. Organize sentence pattern for proper communication in Nihongo.
4. Rate their knowledge on Nihongo as their skills to converse with Japanese
people.
5. Improve by practicing their skills on Nihongo and be familiar with the language.

VI. DISCUSSION

Introduction to Japanese Culture

Japan, island country lying off the east coast of Asia. It consists of a great string of
islands in a northeast-southwest arc that stretches for approximately 1,500 miles (2,400 km)
through the western North Pacific Ocean. Nearly the entire land area is taken up by the
country’s four main islands; from north to south these are Hokkaido (Hokkaidō), Honshu
(Honshū), Shikoku, and Kyushu (Kyūshū). Honshu is the largest of the four, followed in size by
Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. In addition, there are numerous smaller islands, the major
groups of which are the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands (including the island of Okinawa) to the south
and west of Kyushu and the Izu, Bonin (Ogasawara), and Volcano (Kazan) islands to the south

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and east of central Honshu. The national capital, Tokyo (Tōkyō), in east-central Honshu, is one
of the world’s most populous cities.

Figure 1.1 Map of Japan

Figure 1.2 Japan Flag

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Capital: Tokyo

Population: 126.5 million (2018) World Bank

Currency: Japanese yen

National language: Japanese, Nihongo

Points of interest: Mount Fuji, Kinkaku-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, MORE

People: Japanese people appear at first glance to be one of the most socially and
ethnically homogenous groups in the world. It is reasonable to equate Japan's rapid
post-war economic development to the 1990s with social solidarity and conformism.
Despite labour shortages since the 1960s, authorities resisted officially sanctioning
foreign workers until the 1980s, relying on increased mechanization and an expanded
female workforce instead.

Religion: Religion in Japan is a wonderful mish-mash of ideas from Shintoism and

Buddhism. Unlike in the West, religion in Japan is rarely preached, nor is it a doctrine.
Instead it is a moral code, a way of living, almost indistinguishable from Japanese social
and cultural values.Japanese religion is also a private, family affair. It is separate from
the state; there are no religious prayers or symbols in a school graduation ceremony, for
example. Religion is rarely discussed in everyday life and the majority of Japanese do
not worship regularly or claim to be religious.

However, most people turn to religious rituals in birth, marriage and death and take part
in spiritual matsuri (or festivals) throughout the year.

Social Convention: Manners and customs are an important part of many facets of
Japanese life. Japanese people grow up picking up the subtleties of this unique culture
as they go through life, respecting the invisible and varied societal rules. There are
many aspects of this seemingly complicated culture that as a foreign visitor you will not
be expected to know, but there are some things that will be easier to grasp than others.

In Japan, people greet each other by bowing. The bow ranges from a small nod of the
head (casual and informal) to a deep bend at the waist (indicating respect). A bow of the
head from a foreigner is usually sufficient; most Japanese people don’t expect
foreigners to know the bowing rules. Shaking hands in Japan is uncommon.

There are strict rules regarding indoor manners in Japan which are related to footwear.
Shoes are removed not only in the home, but also in many traditional ryokan (Japanese
style inns), some restaurants, temples, castles and other historic buildings. The border

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is not the door itself, but the entrance area which is called “genkan”, and shoes should
be always pointed towards the door rather than into the building.

When dining out, many restaurants have a mixture of both Western style tables and
chairs as well as low traditional tables, where it’s usual to sit on a pillow (this type of
dining is referred to as “zashiki”).

Chopsticks are used to eat most kinds of Japanese food and these should be held
towards their end, not in the middle or front third.

It’s not customary to tip in Japan. Instead it’s polite to say “gochisosama deshita”
(“thank you for the meal”) when leaving.

Gift giving is a common part of Japanese culture and various types of gifts are given on
different occasions. Gifts in sets of 4 are usually avoided, as the word for “four” is
pronounced the same as the word for “death”. Gift giving on birthdays and Christmas
was not previously a Japanese tradition, however due to the strong influence from the
West, many families and friends do now exchange gifts on these occasions.

Sports: Sumo, Kendo, Karate, Aikido, Judo, Modern Sports

Food: Rice, Raw food( Sushi, Sahimi), Tempura, Yakitori, Yakiniku, Udon(thick
noodles), yakisoba, sukiyaki, Shabu-Shabu, Okonomiyaki,Takoyaki

Drinks: Sake(Rice wine), Beer, mugicha (barley tea), sobacha (buckwheat tea),
genmaicha (brown rice tea), umecha (powdered plum tea),Matcha. Chanoyu-Tea
ceremony.

Geisha: Memoirs of a Geisha

Like most nations, Japan has always had some manner of pleasure quarter offering
various forms of entertainment. As Japan cut off all contact with the outside world during
the Edo era, the rich merchants of the cities continued to develop the arts of the country
in the major urban areas.

With the many courtesans of the time providing one area of fulfilment, the merchants
looked for other types of entertainment, including music, dance and poetry. From these
early stages, the world of the geisha developed, providing a service to entertain and
charm, working alongside the very desirable, and for most people unobtainable,
courtesan.

As this form of entertainment progressed, the first geisha on the scene were actually
men, appearing around the early eighteenth century. Women soon caught on, and the

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geisha as we know her today emerged with strict rules to not upstage the courtesans, or
steal their clients. As courtesan entertainment waned after the mid-eighteenth century,
geisha took their place, peaking around the 1900s in Tokyo.

Geiko and Maiko

Nowadays if you long to experience geisha culture, you must head to the cultural capital
of Kyoto. Under a hundred geisha remain in the city, living and working in the traditional
teahouses as they always have done. The inevitable declining numbers due to the strict
and secular world make this profession as elite and enigmatic as it always has been.

The modern geiko (Kyoto term for geisha) starts her life in the Kyoto okiya (geisha
house) these days around the age of 15, although traditionally it was much younger.
After learning skills in hospitality and traditional arts, she will go on to become a maiko -
an apprentice geiko.

The young maiko will follow her mentor and "older sister" geiko to appointments,
shadowing her movements and observing the skill of repartee and reserve with the
clients. As a professional entertainer, the geiko's role is not only to play music and
dance, but also to make the customers feel at ease with witty conversation and even
join in drinking games as the night progresses. As an amateur, the maiko is not
expected to be as charming and amusing, and instead relies on ornate jewelry, rich
kimono and young looks to speak for her.

Geiko and maiko may have many appointments per night, starting around 4pm and
working long into the early hours, scurrying from from bar to bar on their wooden geta
sandals. Typically, they will take Sundays off, changing into jeans, wearing their hair
down and going shopping like any other young woman. If you're walking around Kyoto
on a Sunday, you may be passing by a geisha without even realizing it.

Manga & Anime: Once almost completely unknown to the world outside Japan, manga
(Japanese comics) and anime (Japanese animation) have become a global
phenomenon - and their popularity is growing every day.

Samurai: Although samurai no longer exist, the influence of these great warriors still
manifests itself deeply in Japanese culture and samurai heritage can be seen all over
Japan - be it a great castle, a carefully planned garden, or beautifully preserved samurai
residences. It is also deeply ingrained in the psyche of the Japanese people.

The basis of samurai conduct is bushido, "the way of the warrior". This unique
philosophy valued honour, reckless bravery and selflessness, as well as duty to the
warrior's master with the purpose of giving up one's life and embracing death. There

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was no place for fear in the way of the warrior and this conduct of self-discipline and
respectful, ethical behavior was to become the role model behavior for other classes
throughout Japan's history.

Theatre: Most months of the year the theatre you will watch will be Kabuki, one of
Japan's three main traditional theatre genres. Kabuki began in the seventeenth century
and quickly developed a highly stylised type of acting that has been popular ever since.

All parts in Kabuki are played by men and some of its greatest actors specialize in
playing female characters. Kabuki stars are part of Japan's celebrity culture and you will
often see their faces on advertising billboards or in TV commercials.

Apart from Kabuki, the puppet theatre (Bunraku), with each puppet being manipulated
by three puppeteers, also dates from the seventeenth century, and Noh, a more stately
form of danced theatre in which many main actors wear wooden masks, can trace its
history back to the fourteenth century.

Cherry Blossom: Spring in Japan can only mean one thing: cherry blossom. Hanami.

Origami: The first book published about paper folding was the "Tsutsumi musibi no Ki"
by Sadatake Ise (1764). This contained instructions to fold 13 ceremonial folds. Then,
in 1797 'Sembazuru Orikata' - Folding of 1,000 cranes (image, right) - is considered to
be the first book documenting recreational paper folding to be published, offering
instructions on how to fold multiple interconnecting cranes from a single piece of paper,
cut into smaller squares and connected at the corners.

Whether these were traditional folk designs, or the creation of a single designer is
unknown, but the very fact of its publications shows that there was a widespread
interest in origami in 18th century Edo Japan.

Although not a published work, the 'Kan no mado', an encyclopedia compiled around
1845 and of which only one copy is in existence (in the library of the Asahi Newspaper
in Osaka), includes a section featuring ten ceremonial folds and thirty 'pastime' models
including a dragonfly folded from a piece of paper in the shape of a six-pointed star! (6
The art of paper folding,

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Figure 1.3 Origami -Crane

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Figure 1.4 Sample Origami Folding

VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY

1. Introduction to Japanese Culture

A. Japan Country
B. Geographical (Land Area)
C. Map of Japan,Capital
D. Flag of Japan,Currency
E. Population
F. People
G. Religion
H. Social Convention
I. Food
J. Drinks
K. Geisha
L. Manga&Anime
M. Samurai
N. Theatre
O. Cherry Blossom
P. Origami

VIII. GLOSSARY

1. Yen- Japan currency, their money

2. Nihon GO- Nihon(Japan), Go ( Language)
3. Zashiki- Pillow use on sitting
4. Genkan – Space after entering the door where shoes and slippers remain.
5. Kendo – Sport in Japan like fencing
6. Geisha- High ranking entertainer in Japan for high rank officials.
7. Bunraku- Theatre arts that use puppets.
8. Kabuki- Theatre Arts in Japan with different theme( Comedy, Drama, Action , etc.)
9. Hanami- The famous flower of Japan( Cherry Blossom)

IX. REFERENCES

https://www.insidejapantours.com/japanese-culture/people/
http://globalsherpa.org/japan/
https://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/guide-to-japan-etiquette-customs-culture-
https://www.santenjapan.com/what-is-nihongo/
https://www.vistawide.com/japanese/why_japanese2.htm

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https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/hTRmwbx_basic-japanese-greetings-hd-png-download/

X. ASSESSMENT
1. Enumerate the four main island of Japan?
2. Give the meaning of NihonGo?
3. Give at least 2 Etiquette or manners Of Japanese people?
4. What do you call the assistant of Geisha?

XI. REFLECTION

The lesson for this week will help the students understand the Japanese culture,
Manners, lifestyle and many more. The lesson will open the mind of the students to
the Japanese world and practices which can give a different outlook in life. We can
somehow adopt some of the practices of Japanese people specially their manners
for we can learn orderliness, also being minimalist in and outside our house. Further
lessons, can give the students the learning on the Japanese language, their writings,
greetings and vocabulary. The students will practice Nihon Go to properly
communicate with the Japanese people.

XII. ASSIGNMENT

1. Make a crane Origami, follow the instruction on Figure 1,4.

2. Send the picture of your output on my email or messenger.

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WEEK 2
What is Nihongo

I. LEARNING OUTCOMES

The Students will be able to:

1. Identify the proper meaning of “Nihongo”

2. Discuss Nihongo to other listener or student.
3. Use Nihongo accurately.
4. Integrate themselves to the language.
5. Appraise Nihongo from other language.

II. DISCUSSION

What is Nihongo:

NIhongo- (Nihon-Japan ,Go- language) -Japanese is the language used in Japan and
Japanese people use it to communicate with each other.

It is often referred to as one of the most difficult languages to learn by Japanese learners.

Unlike English and Spanish, Japanese is not the language that can be used internationally but it
might be popular among those who are interested in Japanese subcultures such as anime and
manga.

Japanese language is composed of Kanji, Hiragana and Katakana.

There’s only one way to pronounce each Hiragana and Katakana symbol so it doesn’t pose
much difficulty.

However, Kanji has myriads of variations and some look similar.

There are also Kanji symbols that pronounce the same but has different meanings as well.

You need to look at the whole sentence to determine the meaning of those Kanji symbols.

Furthermore, there are Chinese reading and Japanese reading for each Kanji symbol. One
single Kanji symbol can be pronounced in multiple different ways,

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which is making it harder for people to learn Japanese.

Nihongo Grammar:

English grammar uses SVO format but it is SOV in Japanese.

It is not always necessary to have the “Subject” in Japanese sentences. This ambiguity may be
the cause of further confusion.

You need to guess the “Subject” from conversations or from the flow of the sentences.

People often say that Japanese people are not clear on what they have to say and you need to
read between lines but those might be coming from Japanese grammar.

Nihongo Speaking:

You need to change your way of speaking depending on the generation or position of the
person you are speaking to.

If you are talking to your superior especially in the company, you use honorific.

Honorific is the way of speaking you use to express your respect for the person who is in the
higher position.

Without mastering this honorific, living in the society becomes difficult.

To be honest, Japanese society is not generous enough to forgive a little bit of rudeness in your
way of speaking.

Nihongo Dialect:

Japan is not a big country when compared to other bigger countries but it extends from north to
south.

Each area has developed its own dialect.

The language spoken in Kanto area is called the standard language whereas the language
spoken in Kansai area is Osaka-ben,

which is the well-known dialect in Japan.

Japanese language basically refers to the standard language so even when you studied hard,
you might get confused when you encounter the Osaka-ben speaker.

That’s how different each dialect is.

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The number of vocabularies required for general conversation:

Generally, the number of vocabularies needed to speak in the daily conversation is said to be
2600 to 2700 words.

On the other hand, 7000 to 10000 words are required in the Japanese general conversation.

Multiply this number by 1.5, and that’s the number of vocabularies needed to “understand” the
Japanese general conversation.

Japanese language requires a significantly higher number of vocabularies comparing with

English language.

Why we need to study Nihongo:

1. Japan has the 2nd largest economy in the world.

Japan is a prosperous country and has the most diverse economy in Asia. With a GDP of $4.9
trillion in 2005, Japan's economy is 2nd only to that of the U.S. The leading Japanese
companies are among the largest, most efficiently run, and most well-known firms in the world.
Familiar names like Sony, Toshiba, Sanyo, Casio, Canon, Minolta, Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi,
and many others have infiltrated the world market in a variety of sectors.

Whether you're in the field of business, engineering, manufacturing, research, economics, or

politics, chances are you will be competing with, if not working for, a Japanese entity.

2. Knowing Japanese brings business opportunities.

Japanese consumers spend 100s of billions of dollars each year on consumer goods and
services like food, clothing, travel, and entertainment. The typical household has over $100,000
in savings and a disposable monthly income of $3,800. With all of that cash to spend, it is
perhaps not surprising then that the United States exports more goods and services to Japan
than any other overseas destination. In 2004, exports to Japan accounted for $54 billion of the
U.S. GDP. In addition to these exports, 1000s of U.S. companies have successful branches in
Japan. In 2004 alone, U.S. businesses spent $78 billion in direct investment in Japan.

Being able to communicate with potential customers in their own language is key to winning
their business. In addition, when you learn Japanese, you become not only proficient in the
language but also gain an insider view of the culture. Understanding the Japanese work ethic,
their business etiquette, and knowing which cultural faux pas to avoid can often make or break
an important business deal.

3. Japanese is a gateway to other Asian languages & cultures.

Throughout its history, Japan has been shaped by the influence of Asia's great civilizations:
India, China, and Korea. While the cultures of these Asian countries do differ, Asian cultures
together share many similarities that differentiate them from Western ways and norms. So a
study of Japanese can open your perspective on the values that other Asian nations share with
Japan, including religious beliefs, ethics, and aesthetics. A familiarity with Asian cultures also
allows you to step outside the culture you live in and see it from a fresh, new perspective.

4. Japanese-speakers are the Internet's 3rd largest language group.

The Japanese make up the third largest language community on the Internet, after only English
and Chinese speakers. An estimated 88 million Japanese, or 9.6% of the world's online

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Population, are connected to the Internet. Knowing Japanese can connect you to these people
in an instant. They may just be future friends or acquaintances, business associates, or even
the market that you or your future employer hopes to target.

5. The Japanese are innovators.

Considering that Japan is geographically isolated island nation that is densely populated and
poor in natural resources makes the strength of the Japanese economy seem even more
impressive. The Japanese have relied on their creativity and scientific know-how to succeed not
only economically but also in ecology- and effiency-oriented ways. The Japanese are known as
high tech leaders in fields such as optical media, semiconductor manufacturing, industrial
robotics, and fermentation processes. Their drive for innovation has made the Japanese the
world leaders in patent filings at 420,000 applications annually.

6. Japanese cultural exports are exploding.

From anime to sushi bars, karaoke to manga, bonsai to origami, Japanese culture has become
part of international culture. A knowledge of the language will give you direct access to
Japanese film, animations, and comic books, give you insight into the special terminology used
in your favorite martial art, help you understand the cultural basis for kamikaze training and the
origin of the samurai warrior, and develop your ability to order sashimi like a native at your
favorite Japanese restaurant!

7. Knowing Japanese will set you apart from the crowd.

The majority of people who learn a foreign language choose a European language like Spanish,
French, German, or Italian. Choosing a less commonly learned language will pop out on your
resume and differentiate you from the crowd.

8. The Japanese are international tourists.

With all of the disposable cash in their pockets, 16.8 million Japanese tourists headed to
destinations abroad in 2004. In a survey, 94% of Japanese visitors to the U.S. reported
shopping during their stay, and more so than any other group, the Japanese were more likely to
pay for goods and services in cash. 3.7 million Japanese tourists visited the US in 2004, second
only to the British among overseas tourists. Visitors from Japan spent $12.4 billion in the U.S. in
2004, up 24% from the previous year, and were alone responsible for the majority of the U.S.
travel trade surplus.

The market for Japanese tourist dollars is strong. Knowledge of Japanese can gain you entry
into that market. Of course, knowing Japanese will make your own visit Japan both easier and
much more enjoyable.

9. It's not as hard as you think!

It's true that Japanese has a much different system of writing than English or any other
European language. However, foreigners can get by with learning the 44 or so hiragana or
katakana characters that represent sounds in much the same way as the English alphabet
does.

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In addition, the grammar of Japanese is in many ways simpler than that of European languages.
Japanese nouns have no genders, plural forms, or accompanying articles to learn. The
language also has only two verb tenses, present and past, and includes very few irregular
verbs. Spoken Japanese has only 5 vowel sounds and spelling is phonetically consistent,
making the language relatively easy to pronounce.

10. Japanese is a stepping stone to learning other Asian languages.

Like other languages of Southeast Asia, Japanese is a highly analytical language, relying
heavily on function words rather than extensive systems of inflection to denote linguistic
properties. These languages also share a similar subject-predicate sentence structure. Though
Southeast Asian languages are distinctly different among themselves, as a group they are
clearly differentiable from geographically more distant language families, such as Indo-
European and Afro-Asiatic languages.

In particular, the grammar of Japanese is very similar to that of Korean and both languages
have an equally advanced system of honorifics for showing respect. And Japanese takes its
kanji writing system from the Chinese system of ideographs. Learning Japanese brings you a
step closer to taking on Korean or Chinese because many of the concepts underlying the
language are similar.

Figure 2.1
Nihongo

III. ACTIVITIES

Essay:

1. Why do we need to study Nihongo?

2. How do you feel about studying Nihongo?

Table 1 - Rubrics
Criteria Excellent Good Needs Unacceptable
10-7 6-4 Improvement 1-0
3-2
Content Essay has a Central idea is Unable to find Essay had no

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Development specific central vague; specific central idea or

idea that is somewhat supporting supporting
clearly stated in sketchy and details; more details.
the opening non-supportive than 4 errors in
paragraph. to the topic; information.
lacks focus.
Organization Essay is Essay Central point Ideas were
logically somewhat and flow of unorganized
organized and digresses from essay is lost; and vague; no
well-structured the central idea; lacks particular flow
displaying a ideas do not organization was followed
beginning, a logically follow and continuity.
boy and a each other.
conclusion.
Critical thinking
skills are
evident
Style Writing is Sentences are Lacks creativity Writing is
smooth, varied and and focus. confusing, hard
coherent, and inconsistent Unrelated word to follow.
consistent with with central choice to Contains
the central idea. idea, central idea. fragments
Sentences are vocabulary and Diction is and/or run-on
strong and word choices. inconsistent. sentences.
expressive with Inappropriate
varied structure. diction.

IV. SUMMARY

1.What is Nihongo?
A. Grammar
B. Speaking
C. Dialect
D. Number of vocabularies required for general conversation
2. Why we need to study Nihongo?
A. Japan has the 2nd largest economy in the world.
B. Knowing Japanese brings business opportunities.
C. Japanese is a gateway to other Asian languages & cultures.
D. Japanese-speakers are the Internet's 3rd largest language group.
E. The Japanese are innovators.
F. Japanese cultural exports are exploding.
G. Knowing Japanese will set you apart from the crowd.
H. The Japanese are international tourists.
I. It's not as hard as you think!
J. Japanese is a stepping stone to learning other Asian languages.

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V. GLOSSARY

1. Myriads - a countless or extremely great number. Multitude.

2. Subcultures - a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or
interests at variance with those of the larger culture.
3. Dialect - a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or
social group.
4. Perspective - a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point
of view.
5. Significant- sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy.
6. Infiltrated - enter or gain access to (an organization, place, etc.) surreptitiously
and gradually, especially in order to acquire secret information.
7. Ambiguity - the quality of being open to more than one interpretation;
inexactness.
8. Innovators- a person who introduces new methods, ideas, or products.

VI. ASESSMENT TASK

Identification: write the answer on the space provided.

1. ________ 3. _______

2. ________
4. ________

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5._________ It is often referred to as one of the most difficult languages.

VII. ASSIGNMENT

1. Advance read about the basic greetings in Japan.

A. Good Morning
B. Good afternoon
C. Good evening
D. How are you?
E. I’m Fine
F. Thank you
G. Goodbye
H. I’m home
2. . Research for the Nihongo of the following words:
A. What
B. Who
C. Where
D. Why
E. How

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WEEK 3
Basic Question and Greetings in Japanese

I. LEARNING OUTCOMES

The students will be able to:

1. Recall the basic questions and greetings.
2. Translate the basic greetings in Japan into the student’s language.
3. Demonstrate right answer from the basic questions in Japan.
4. Relate some of the basic Japanese questions and greetings in their everyday life.
5. Compose sentences using basic Nihongo.

II. DISCUSSION

Figure 3.1 Basic Greetings

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Figure 3.2 Basic Greetings

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Figure 3.3 Basic Expressions

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Figure 3.4 Basic Questions

Figure 3.5 Basic Questions

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Figure 3.6 Basic Questions

III. ACTIVITIES

1. What are the 5 Basic Question use in Japan?

2. Translate the English word in Nihongo.

A. Good Morning
B. Good evening
C. How are you?
D. Good night
E. Goodbye
F. I’m Home
G. Thank You
H. HI, Hello
I. I’m sorry
J. Good afternoon

Table 2- Rubrics

Criteria Excellent Good Needs

15-11 10-5 Improvement
4-0
Content Enumerate most of Enumerate some of Enumerate list of the
Development the question ask the question ask question ask
Organization With proper spelling, Hand writing is Poor spelling and
readable handwriting

IV. SUMMARY

1. Basic Greetings in Japan

A. Good Morning
B. Good Afternoon
C. Good Evening
D. HI/Hello
E. How are you?
2. Basic Questions in Japan

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A. What
B. Who
C. Where
D. Why
E. When
F. How

V. GLOSSARY

1. Douzo- you may

2. Ji- time
3. Eki- Train station
4. Onegai- Please
5. Hajime- From start
6. Toere – Tiolet
7. Kore – This
8. Wa- Is
9. Namae - Name

VI. ASESSMENT TASK

1. Translate this English word in Nihongo.

A. What is your name?
B. What is this?
C. How are you?
D. When is your birthday?
E. Where do you live?

VII. ASSIGNMENT

1. Advance read for the following words?

A. Hiragana
B. Katakana
C. Kanji

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Week 4

The Three Japanese Writings

I. LEARNING OUTCOMES

The students will be able to:

1. Recognized the three Japanese writings .

2. Describe Kanji, Hiagana & Katakana.

3. Illustrate each the three Japanese writings to other learners.

4. Differentiate Japanese writings from the other language.

5. Combine the Japanese writings according to their proper use.

II. DISCUSSION

Japanese Writing Scripts

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Modern Japanese is written in a mixture of three basic scripts: Kanji — which are Chinese
ideographic symbols — as well as Hiragana and Katakana — two phonetic alphabets (syllables).
There are a few thousand Kanji characters, while Hiragana and Katakana have 46 each.
Although there is a basic rule for when to use which script, there are many exceptions, and
what’s worse is that words written in Kanji have often multiple pronunciations, depending on the
context or conjunction. This is hard enough for native speaker to get right every time, so I
almost feel sorry for those non-natives who are learning to read and write Japanese.

Figure 4.1 Japanese Writings

Kanji is mainly used for the lexical elements: nouns, verb stems, adjective stems, and so forth;
Hiragana has rounded letter shapes, which are mainly used for the grammatical elements of
sentences such as particles, auxiliary verbs, and suffixes of nouns;

Katakana has an angular letter shape, which is most often used for foreign words and also for
the purpose of emphasis.

Some say that the “tragedy” started when Japan decided to “import” the Chinese writing system,
inscribing it into their own language in the 3rd century.

Since Japanese is as different from Chinese as it is to any other language, simply using the
Chinese writing system was not sufficient, and a more appropriate way of writing Japanese was
sought out. Some Chinese characters began to be used not for their meaning, but purely for

their phonetic value. So by the 9th century, Hiragana and Katakana scripts were derived from
simplified Chinese characters that were used to write Japanese phonetically.

The story doesn’t end there. As if using three scripts isn’t enough, we write in both horizontal
and vertical orientation.

Horizontal? Vertical? The Unique Case Of Japanese Typography

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“Vertical or horizontal?” — when setting a piece of text in Japanese, this is a question that

Japanese designers constantly need to ask themselves. Being able to use both vertical and
horizontal writing orientations is something so normal for us native Japanese speakers that
most of us won’t even stop to wonder why this is possible, or even when and how it was first
introduced.

Horizontal Vertical

Figure 4.2 Japanese style of writing

In general, these two writing orientations have a clear usage: vertical for something “Japanese”,
“traditional”, “novels and other humanistic writings”; horizontal for “contemporary”, “business
documents”, “scientific & foreign language related writings” and so on. When a main text is set
horizontally, the binding is on the left-hand side, and pages progress to the right, like books in
Latin scripts. Traditional books in vertical setting are the other way around, with the binding at
the right hand side, and pages progressing to the left. So when you handle a Japanese book,
don’t confuse the front with the back!

Needless to say, traditional calligraphy is always done vertically. With their organic flow,
characters are often connected and have different heights and widths — which makes it
impossible to disconnect and align them horizontally. Calligraphy by Keiko Shimoda, 2011
(tsukushidesign.com)

Horizontal setting is preferred for scientific texts, mathematical texts and language related
books, where words and phrases in foreign scripts and signs are often included, as they are

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more easily incorporated horizontally. The example (above) is a Japanese-English dictionary.

(Pocket Comprehensive English-Japanese / Japanese-English Dictionary, 2000, Obunsha)

Where the efficient use of space is important — namely newspapers and magazines — both

orientations are often combined. Although it may appear a bit chaotic, or even random to foreign
eyes, these two directions are usually used in a systematic way as a means to indicate different
text elements on a page. For instance, a main text is often set in a vertical setting, but headings
and captions may be set in a horizontal setting.

Figure 4.3

III. ACTIVITIES

Tell whether the characters are Kanji, Hiragana or Katakana.

1.

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2. 3 .

4. 5.

Table3 Rubrics

Criteria Excellent Good Needs

5-4 3-2 Improvement
1-0
Content Identify most of the Identify some of the Identify list of the
Development question ask question ask question ask
Organization With proper spelling, Hand writing is Poor spelling and
readable handwriting

IV. SUMMARY

1. Japanese Writngs
A. Kanji

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B. Hiragana
C. Katakana
2. Japanese Style of writng
A. Horizontal
B. Vertical
C. Evolution of Japanese Character

V. GLOSSARY

1. Ideographic - relating to the study or discovery of particular scientific facts and

processes, as distinct from general laws.
2. Phonetic - the study and classification of speech sounds.
3. Auxiliary - Supplementary
4. Calligraphy - decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering.
5. Typography - the style and appearance of printed matter.
6. Chaotic - in a state of complete confusion and disorder.

VI. ASESSMENT TASK

1. Draw the evolution of Japanese character. Refer to Figure 4.3

VII. ASSIGNMENT

1. Familiarized the Hiragana Characters.

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Figure 4.4 Hiragana Chart

Week 5

Hiragana

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I. LEARNING OUTCOMES

The Students will be able to:

1. Recall the Hiragana Characters.

2. Translate some English charaters into hiragana characters.

3. Compare English character from hiragana characters.

4. Select right hiragana character to be use in writing Japanese words

5. Improve reading and writing hiragana character.

II. DISCUSSION

Figure 5.1 Hiragana Chart

OriginOrigin

Hiragana あ か た ま や

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Original Kanji 安 加 太 末 也
Figure 5.2 Origin of Hiragana

Hiragana was developed in the 8-10th century by simplifying the form of particular Kanji
symbols.
Compared to Katakana, Hiragana letters have more curved lines.

In modern Japanese, there are 46 basic Hiragana letters.

In addition to these 46 basic letters called gojūon, there are modified forms to describe more
sounds - 20 dakuon, 5 handakuon, 36 yōon, 1 sokuon and 6 additional letters.

FAQ: What are the letters with a bar on top (ā ū ē ō)?

In Japanese, syllables are organized in the form of a table (5 x 10). This table is called gojūon-
zu (literally means table of 50 sounds).

To describe these sounds, Hiragana and Katakana alphabets are used.

Letters い, う and え appear more than once in the table. These 5 duplicates are usually
skipped or ignored.

Another syllable ん is included. It doesn't belong to any row or column.

In total, 46 letters (45+1) are counted as gojūon (50 sounds).

The first row - あ [a], い [i], う [u], え [e] and お [o] are five vowels of the Japanese language.

Letters in the same column contain the same vowel.

Letters in the same row are considered to contain the same consonant.

Letters お and を represent the same sound [o]. を is used only as the particle in a sentence.

Dakuon literally means turbid or murky sound. It is the voiced sound of か [ka], さ [sa], た [ta]
and は [ha]-row syllables.

Dakuon is indicated with two small dots.

Pronunciation of じ and ぢ, ず and づ are the same.

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Figure 5.3 Handakuon

Handakuon literally means half-turbid or half-murky sound.
Handakuon is indicated with a small circle.

Yōon is a combination of the consonant of i-column syllables and ya, yu or yo. For example, k +
ya = kya.

Yōon is described by i-column letters plus small や, ゆ or よ. For example, き + ゃ = きゃ [kya].

Pronunciation of じゃ, じゅ, じょ and ぢゃ, ぢゅ, ぢょ are the same (See Figure 5.1)

Pause

Sokuon is a pause (no sound) between two syllables.

Sokuon is described by small つ.
Examples

さっき [sakki] ひっし [hisshi] いった [itta] やっぱり [yappari]

Pronunciation of sokuon is not very easy.

Figure 5.4 Sokoun

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These additional letters are invented in modern era to describe the sounds of foreign language.
Note: Foreign words are usually written in Katakana. These additional Hiragana letters are
rarely used.

Examples

ふぁ [fa] てぃ [ti] どぅ [du] うぇ [we] ふぉ [fo]

Small あ [a], い [i], う [u], え [e] and お [o] are attached after particular letters.

Examples

う゛ぁ [va] う゛ぃ [vi] う゛ [vu] う゛ぇ [ve] う゛ぉ [vo]

う゛ is used for [v] sound.

Figure 5.5 Additional Characters

II. ACTIVITIES
Essay:

1. How do you find the Hiragana characters?

2. Do you see yourself writing Hiragana properly?
3. Are you excited to learn more about Katakana and Kanji?

Note: Be honest with your answers because if you will not put yourself into it, you will not be
interested to learn more then you will find Japanese as boring. I need to see your honest
answers so I can make the lesson more interesting.

Table 4. Essay Rubrics

Criteria Excellent Good Needs Unacceptable

10-7 6-4 Improvement 1-0
3-2
Content Essay has a Central idea is Unable to find Essay had no
Development specific central vague; specific central idea or
idea that is somewhat supporting supporting
clearly stated in sketchy and details; more details.
the opening non-supportive than 4 errors in
paragraph. to the topic; information.

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lacks focus.
Organization Essay is Essay Central point Ideas were
logically somewhat and flow of unorganized
organized and digresses from essay is lost; and vague; no
well-structured the central idea; lacks particular flow
displaying a ideas do not organization was followed
beginning, a logically follow and continuity.
boy and a each other.
conclusion.
Critical thinking
skills are
evident
Style Writing is Sentences are Lacks creativity Writing is
smooth, varied and and focus. confusing, hard
coherent, and inconsistent Unrelated word to follow.
consistent with with central choice to Contains
the central idea. idea, central idea. fragments
Sentences are vocabulary and Diction is and/or run-on
strong and word choices. inconsistent. sentences.
expressive with Inappropriate
varied structure. diction.

IV. SUMMARY

1. Hiragana Characters
A. Origin
B. Gojoun
C. Dakuon
D. Handakuon
E. Yoon
F. Sokuon
G. Additional Characters

V. GLOSSARY

1. Gojuon – table of 50 sounds

2. Turbid- confused or obscure in meaning or effect.

3. Dakuon- Literally means turbid

4. Handakuon- half turbid

5. Yoon- combination of consonants.

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6.Sokuon - a pause

VI. ASESSMENT TASK

1. Practice to write Gojuon.

VII ASSIGNMENT

1. Review the previous lessons and prepare for a long test.

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